What is the mission statement of the DOJ and these individual law enforcement agencies?

Chapter 1

Use the information located on the Department of Justice (DOJ) website ( http://www.usdoj.gov/ (Links to an external site.)  ) to answer the following questions:

· What are some of the law enforcement agencies included within the DOJ?

· What is the mission statement of the DOJ and these individual law enforcement agencies?

· How does the DOJ contribute to the criminal justice system?

Chapter 2

Compare and contrast the UCR and NCVS. How does each method collect their data?? Is the data of these measures reliable? Explain the strengths and weakness of each method.

Chapter 3

Compare and contrast general deterrence with specific deterrence.

Chapter 4

What is a criminal act? What is a criminal state of mind? When are individuals criminally liable for their actions?

Looking at the decision tree itself, are the rules it applies sensible?

Assignment

(100 Points)

CYBR 7240 – Cyber Analytics and Intelligence Module 03: Decision Trees

DECISION TREES for Risk Assessment

One of the great advantages of decision trees is their interpretability. The rules learnt for classification are easy for a person to follow, unlike the opaque “black box” of many other methods, such as neural networks. We demonstrate the utility of this using a German credit data set. You can read a description of this dataset at the UCI site. The task is to predict whether a loan approval is good or bad credit risk based on 20 attributes. We’ve simplified the data set somewhat, particularly making attribute names and values more meaningful.

1. Download the credit_Dataset.arff dataset and load it to Weka.

2. (5 Points) When presented with a dataset, it is usually a good idea to visualise it first. Go to the Visualise tab. Click on any of the scatter plots to open a new window which shows the scatter plot for two selected attributes. Try visualising a scatter plot of age and duration. Do you notice anything unusual? You can click on any data point to display all it’s values.

3. (5 Points) In the previous point you should have found a data point, which seems to be corrupted, as some of its values are nonsensical. Even a single point like this can significantly affect the performance of a classifier. How do you think it would affect Decision trees? A good way to check this is to test the performance of each classifier before and after removing this datapoint.

4. (10 Points) To remove this instance from the dataset we will use a filter. We want to remove all instances, where the age of an applicant is lower than 0 years, as this suggests that the instance is corrupted. In the Preprocess tab click on Choose in the Filter pane. Select filters > unsupervised > instance > RemoveWithValues. Click on the text of this filter to change the parameters. Set the attribute index to 13 (Age) and set the split point at 0. Click Ok to set the parameters and Apply to apply the filter to the data. Visualise the data again to verify that the invalid data point was removed.

5. (20 Points) On the Classify tab, select the Percentage split test option and change its value to 90%. This way, we will train the classifiers using 90% of the training data and evaluate their performance on the remaining 10%. First, train a decision tree classifier with default options. Select classifiers > trees > J48 and click Start. J48 is the Weka implementation of the C4.5 algorithm, which uses the normalized information gain criterion to build a decision tree for classification.

6. (20 Points) After training the classifier, the full decision tree is output for your perusal; you may need to scroll up for this. The tree may also be viewed in graphical form by right-clicking in the Result list and selecting Visualize tree; unfortunately this format is very cluttered for large trees. Such a tree accentuates one of the strengths of decision tree algorithms: they produce classifiers which are understandable to humans. This can be an important asset in real life applications (people are seldom prepared to do what a computer program tells them if there is no clear explanation). Observe the output of the classifier and try to answer the following questions:

· How would you assess the performance of the classifier? Is the Percentage of Correctly Classified Instances a sufficient measure in this case? Why? Hint: check the number of good and bad cases in the test sample, using the confusion matrix. Each column of the matrix represents the instances in a predicted class, while each row represents the instances in an actual class. For example let us define an experiment from P positive instances and N negative instances. The four outcomes can be formulated in a 2 by 2 contingency table or confusion matrix. One benefit of a confusion matrix is that it is easy to see if the system is confusing two classes (i.e. commonly mislabeling one as another).

· Looking at the decision tree itself, are the rules it applies sensible? Are there any branches which appear absurd? At what depth of the tree? What does this suggest? Hint: Check the rules applied after following the paths: (a) CheckingAccount = <0, Foreign = yes, Duration >11, Job = skilled, OtherDebtors = none, Duration <= 30 and (b) CheckingAccount = <0, Foreign = yes, Duration >11, Job = unskilled.

· How does the decision tree deal with classification in the case where there are zero instances in the training set corresponding to that particular path in the tree (e.g. those leaf nodes that have (0:0))?

7. (20 Points) Now, explore the effect of the confidenceFactor option. You can find this by clicking on the Classifer name (to the right of the Choose button on the Classify tab). On the Classifier options window, click on the More button to find out what the confidence factor controls. Try the values 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5. What is the performance of the classifier at each case? Did you expect this given your observations in the previous questions? Why do you think this happens?

8. (20 Points) Suppose that it is worse to classify a customer as good when they are bad, than it is to classify a customer as bad when they are good. Which value would you pick for the confidence factor? Which performance measure would you base your decision on?

9. (20 Points)Finally we will create a random decision forest and compare the performance of this classifier to that of the decision tree and the decision stump. The random decision forest is an ensemble classifier that consists of many decision trees and outputs the class that is the mode of the class’s output by individual trees. Again set the test option Percentage split to 90%. Select classifiers > trees > RandomForest and hit Start. Again, observe the output. How high can you get the performance of the classifier by changing the number of trees (numTrees) parameter? How does the random decision forest compare performance wise to the decision tree and decision stump?

Deliverable:

· Your report including the screenshots of your implementation for each section and the results.

Discuss why it’s important to understand the impact of extraneous cognitive load when designing instruction.

Please respond to the following:

• Discuss why it’s important to understand the impact of extraneous cognitive load when designing instruction.
• Explain how your instructional message supports germane cognitive load.
• Be sure to include the title of your project and a brief description to provide your classmates with context for their responses.

My topic is “The race gap in standardize testing”

Why is IT project success often so difficult to assess?

Consider the six criteria for successful IT projects. Why is IT project success often so difficult to assess? Make a case for some factors being more important than others.

Textbook:

Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage (5th ed.) Jeffery K. Pinto

Define the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine. 

Please respond to the following in a substantive post:

• Define the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
• Explain how effective you think the fruit of poisonous tree doctrine is in protecting defendants’ Fourth Amendment rights.

Why is it essential for the early childhood educator to understand the characteristics of a gifted student?

Why is it essential for the early childhood educator to understand the characteristics of a gifted student? Where can an early childhood professional find additional support when it is possible there might be a gifted student in his or her class? (150 words and please cite)

What would be a good approach when mentioning suspected giftedness to parents?

What would be a good approach when mentioning suspected giftedness to parents? What wording would you use and why? Would you mention it in person or in writing, and why? (150 words and please cite)

In 250-500 words, reflect on how your letter to the family of a gifted student demonstrates best practice for communicating with families, colleagues, and other professionals to promote the growth and development of all learners.

Assessment Description

Teachers must understand all atypical development, including students who present as gifted or talented at a young age. Teachers should know when to collaborate with other service providers, when to use enrichment techniques, and when to refer students for further testing, assessment, or gifted programs.

Part 1

Compose a letter to the family of a child in your classroom who has tested gifted describing the importance of addressing the needs of gifted and talented students and to provide resources families can use to meet the learning needs of their child.

In 250-500 words, discuss:

• The common characteristics and signs of gifted and talented young children.
• How these are different from the characteristics of typical young children and why they need to be assessed and understood to foster healthy social-emotional skills.
• Examples of how you as the teacher will accommodate to meet the needs of these students and when a referral might be appropriate to access resources, supports, and specialized services to meet the learning needs of the students in the classroom.
• Resources the family can access to promote growth and development in learning and social-emotional skills.

Part 2

In 250-500 words, reflect on how your letter to the family of a gifted student demonstrates best practice for communicating with families, colleagues, and other professionals to promote the growth and development of all learners.

Support your claims with three or more scholarly resources.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite Technical Support Articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Explain what the employees should know regarding the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Review the scenario and complete the activity below. This scenario can also be found in the “Questions & Problems” section of Ch. 6, “International and Comparative Law” in Dynamic Business Law.

Scenario
In an interview published by The New York Times in February 1976, former Lockheed President A. Carl Kotchian defended the payment of bribes by the company as follows:

“Some call it gratuities. Some call them questionable payments. Some call it extortion. Some call it grease. Some call it bribery. I look at these payments as necessary to sell a product. I never felt I was doing anything wrong.”

More than 30 years later, Reinhard Siekaczek, an accountant employed by Siemens who oversaw an annual budget for questionable payments in excess of $50 million, stated:

“I never thought I would go to jail for my company. …We thought we had to do it. Otherwise, we would ruin the company. …People will only say about Siemens that they were unlucky and that they broke the Eleventh Commandment. The Eleventh Commandment is, ‘Don’t get caught.’”
(Kubasek et al., 2020, p. 157)

Reference:
Kubasek, N., Browne, M. N., Herron, D., Dhooge, L. & Barkacs, L. (2020). Dynamic business law (5th ed). McGraw-Hill Education.

Assignment Content
You have been hired to assist ABC Multinational Company to help educate employees on ethical practices and corporate culture. More specifically, related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, your role is to prevent situations described in the above scenario.

Create either a handout, job-aid, poster, or flier to educate employees on the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act. Complete the following for your educational tool:
Explain what the employees should know regarding the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Provide examples of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations.
Identify company actions or red flags that might indicate violations of the Act.
List any consequences of the violations.
Recommend actions to report possible violations.
Describe protections for whistleblowers. Why are they important? How do the protections impact the Act?

Cite references to support your assignment.

Format your citations according to APA guidelines.

Assuming that the company is planning to raise S$8 million for future expansion, propose a suitable source of financing to management and give reasons.

PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING & FINANCE

2)
All answers should be typewritten using Arial size 12 in the solution templates provided.

Marks
Question 1 20
Question 2 20
Question 3 30
Question 4 30
TOTAL 100

Question 1 (20 marks)

Fausi started FitnessPro Pte Ltd on 1 July 2021. The company sells a wide range of health equipment and conducts personal training sessions. The retail shop is located at Tampines and the office is at Ubi.

Fausi prepared the following Profit and Loss Statement and Balance Sheet for the company after 12 months of operations and thinks that there are errors in the statements. He needs your assistance to check and prepare the corrected classified Profit and Loss Statement and Balance Sheet.

Fausi
Profit and Loss Statement as at 30 June 2022
$ $ $
Sales Revenue 120,000
Accrued Revenue 4,000
Personal Training Fees Revenue 35,000
Gross Profit 159,000

Less: Operating Expense
Selling Expense
Salaries Expense (refer to Note 1) 40,000
Accrued Expense 2,000 42,000

General and Administrative Expense
Interest Expense 3,700
Rent Expense (refer to Note 2) 36,000
Shares in Singtel 10,000
Delivery Van Expense 4,000
Depreciation – Delivery Van 3,000 56,700

Financial Expense
Prepaid Expense 3,100
Bank Charges 400
Telephone Expense 2,000 5,500 104,200

Net Profit 54,800

Fausi
Balance Sheet for the year ended 30 June 2022
Equity $ $ $
Capital 55,000
Add: Net Profit 54,800
Less: Drawings 6,000
103,800
Represented by:
Current Assets
Cash at Bank 17,600
Inventories 38,000
Accounts Payable 12,350
Delivery Van 30,000
Add: Accumulated Depreciation – Delivery Van 9,000 39,000
106,950
Less: Current Liabilities
Loan from BOA (due 1 Jul 2024) 40,000
Accounts Receivable 21,050 61,050

Working Capital 45,900

Non-Current Assets
Cost of Goods Sold 60,500
Unearned Revenue 6,000 66,500

Total Assets 112,400

Additional Information
A0% (A is the 4th digit of your admin number) of the salaries are for salesmen and the remaining are for office staff.

e.g. if your admin number is 2112345J, then the figure is 20%
if your admin number is 2103202J, then the figure is 30%
if the 4th digit of your admin number is 0 (e.g. 2100002J), then use 40%

Rent expense of $B,000 (B is the 5th digit of your admin number) is used for the shop and the remaining is for the office.

e.g. if your admin number is 2123456J, then the figure is $4,000
if your admin number is 2123567J, then the figure is $5,000
if the 5th digit of your admin number is 0 (e.g. 2100002J), then use $5,000.

Profit and Loss Statement
$ $ $

(9 marks)

Balance Sheet
$ $ $

(11 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)

Read the article (https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/shares-of-econ-healthcare-close-36-higher-than-its-ipo-price-on-catalist-relisting) on Econ Healthcare (Asia) Limited’s initial public offering (IPO) and answer questions (i) to (v):

Which stock exchange is the company listed? Mainboard or Catalist? (2m)

When were the company’s shares first publicly traded on the stock exchange? (1m)

What was the IPO issue price? (1m)

How much net proceeds was raised from this IPO? (1m)

How did the company plan to use the proceeds? (1m)

Assuming that the company is planning to raise S$8 million for future expansion, propose a suitable source of financing to management and give reasons.

You are to quote the source of information (e.g. printscreen from website, annual report, etc.)
(14 marks)

Question 3 (30 marks)

Kimly Limited and Sheng Siong Group Ltd are public companies limited by shares.

About Kimly Limited
Kimly Limited is one of the largest traditional coffee shop operators in Singapore. The Group operates and manages an extensive network of coffee shops, food courts and industrial canteens.

About Sheng Siong Group Ltd
Sheng Siong Group Ltd is principally engaged in operating the Sheng Siong groceries chain. Its stores are primarily located in retail locations in the heartlands of Singapore.

Note
Students with an even register number will answer questions related to Kimly Limited.
Students with an odd register number will answer questions related to Sheng Siong Group Ltd.
Students who do not do the assigned company will be heavily penalised.

Company Assigned

a) Refer to the company’s financial statements in the annual report for 2021 and compute the following financial ratios. Show your workings and round your figures to 2 decimal places.

Ratio 2021 2020
Net Profit Margin (%)
(use Profit for the Year)
Current Ratio
(use Group figures)
Debt Ratio (%)
(use Group figures)
(18 marks)

b) Comment on the ratios calculated in part (a).