ECN 601 Grand Canyon University Probability & Economics Worksheet

1 . Individual Problems 17-2 You’re a contestant on a TV game show. In the final round of the game, if contestants answer a question correctly, they will increase their current winnings of $1 million to $3 million. If they are wrong, their prize is decreased to $750,000. You believe you have a 25% chance of answering the question correctly.Ignoring your current winnings, your expected payoff from playing the final round of the game show is $ . Given that this isThe lowest probability of a correct guess that would make the guessing in the final round profitable (in expected value) isTrue or False: Both Andy’s estimator and Brad’s estimator are unbiased.TrueFalseFor each posted price, enter the expected value of attempting to sell the machine at that price. (Hint: Be sure to take into account the value of the machine to your company in the event that you are not be able to sell the machine.)Posted PriceProbability of SaleExpected Value($)($)$500,0000.15$450,0000.2$400,0000.5Assume you must commit to one posted price.In order to maximize the expected profit of the potential sale, which posted price would you commit to in order to maximize the expected value of the potential sale of the machine?$400,000$500,000$450,000 In the late 1990s, car leasing was very popular in the United States. A customer would lease a car from the manufacturer for a set term, usually two years, and then have the option of keeping the car. If the customer decided to keep the car, the customer would pay a price to the manufacturer, the “residual value,” computed as 60% of the new car price. The manufacturer would then sell the returned cars at auction. In 1999, manufacturers lost an average of $480 on each returned car (the auction price was, on average, $480 less than the residual value).Suppose two customers have leased cars from a manufacturer. Their lease agreements are up, and they are considering whether to keep (and purchase at 60% of the new car price) their cars or return their cars. Two years ago, Paolo leased a car valued new at $18,000. If he returns the car, the manufacturer could likely get $12,600 at auction for the car. Shen also leased a car, valued new at $12,000, two years ago. If he returns the car, the manufacturer could likely get $6,120 at auction for the car.Use the following table to indicate whether each buyer is more likely to purchase or return the car.BuyerKeep and Purchase CarReturn CarPaoloThe manufacturer will lose money (at auction, relative to the residual value of the car) ifTrue or False: Setting a more accurate residual price of each car would help attenuate the problems of adverse selection.TrueFalse Soft selling occurs when a buyer is skeptical of the usefulness of a product and the seller offers to set a price that depends on realized value. For example, suppose a sales representative is trying to sell a company a new accounting system that will, with certainty, reduce costs by 10%. However, the customer has heard this claim before and believes there is only a 40% chance of actually realizing that cost reduction and a 60% chance of realizing no cost reduction.Assume the customer has an initial total cost of $700.According to the customer’s beliefs, the expected value of the accounting system, or the expected reduction in cost, is.Suppose the sales representative initially offers the accounting system to the customer for a price of $49.00.The information asymmetry stems from the fact that theInstead of naming a price, suppose the sales representative offers to give the customer the product in exchange for 50% of the cost savings. If there is no reduction in cost for the customer, then the customer does not have to pay.True or False: This pricing scheme worsens the problem of information asymmetry in this scenario.TrueFalse 

how are boundaries of ethnicity, race and sexuality illustrated and enforced? In what ways do the readings expand our understanding of how institutions shape experience? What surprised you?

Prompt: In this week’s readings, how are boundaries of ethnicity, race and sexuality illustrated and enforced? In what ways do the readings expand our understanding of how institutions shape experience? What surprised you? What insights did you gain from these articles and the video?As you read, take note of key concepts and write them down. What did you see, read, hear in the week’s module? (quotes, examples EVIDENCE) What was your INTERPRETATION? Associations, observations, questions.

Case study wk 2 | Operations Management homework help

  
Consulting Proposal Assignment Instructions
Overview
The management of change in an organization is often led by an internal or external change consultant who leads change from a project perspective with a phased approach that includes the project definition, a diagnosis of the situation, recommendations for a solution, a plan for implementing the recommendations, and the actual implementation of the plan. 
Instructions 
You will prepare 2 consulting proposals based on the cases from the textbook assigned in Modules/Weeks 1–3 (Consulting Proposal 1) and Modules/Weeks 4–6 (Consulting Proposal 2). Each proposal must be 1000–1500 words and include at least the following 5 sections:
1. Definition of project 
2. Diagnosis of current situation 
3. Recommendations 
4. Implementation plan 
5. Summary
A sample/template for the proposals is provided in the Assignment Instructions folder. Each proposal must include a title and reference page formatted according to current APA requirements. You must use a minimum of 4 scholarly peer-reviewed sources plus the text. Write the proposal as if you are addressing the CEO or organizational leadership as identified in the selected case study. The overall narrative in the proposal must include significant emphasis on diagnosing the problems in the business with recommendations for relevant change. These recommendations must be supported with specific examples or sources. 
For example:
· If the organization needs to change its recruitment strategy or perhaps offer new products, what specific types of change are involved?
· Will the employees be affected? If so, what type of employees?
· How should the recommended changes be implemented?
· Are there drivers of the change that will determine the success of the change initiative? If so, what are they?
Keep in mind that the proposal is an overview of the current situation, needed changes, and recommendations; therefore, it is important to refrain from providing too much detail. However, the proposal must contain enough information for the CEO to select a course of action. Because the person receiving your proposal is the CEO, there is no need to re-state information in the case study as he/she should already be aware of the current situation.
You are encouraged to integrate information from any of the Reading & Study materials or your own experience. These prompts are provided to support your analysis and critical thinking as you read the cases and to give you some structure if you select one of these for your proposal assignments.
Consulting Proposal 1 Questions for Consideration:
Use the following case for Consulting Proposal 1.
Case The Plane Will Not Move!
– What was the problem McDonnell Douglas was having with the C-17?
– What was the thinking that allowed the issue to persist?
– Describe the three main priorities of Koz, the new plant manager.
– How did the employees of MD originally view his priorities? How was this reflected in terms of production?
– What did Koz do to illustrate and amplify his vision for his priorities?
– What was the eventual result of Koz’s “nutty idea?”
– What factors do you believe led to a successful transformation?
– Is the approach of Koz sustainable at that plant, transferable across the company, and is the change management of Koz reproducible in other leaders. If so, explain why and how to move forward with it. If not, explain why and suggest a different approach going forward.
Consulting Proposal 2 Questions for Consideration:
Use the following case for Consulting Proposal 2.
Case Change Agent in Waiting:
– What are the key characteristics of government organizations, like the Housing Development Board of Singapore, and not-for-profits which help explain the content for this case?
– What is the change challenge for HDB and for Tan as she returns to her former employer?
– How do you evaluate her action plan? What are its strengths? What are your concerns?
– What would you suggest to improve her plan?
– What does it take to drive change from a lower to middle management position and in a government context?
Consulting Proposal 1 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 3. Consulting Proposal 2 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 6.

find an article on one of the many Social Media Challenges that have occurred over the last 24 months. Your post needs to discuss whether there are any consequences to this challenge and what those are and why they were unforeseen.

To complete this discussion, you need to find an article on one of the many Social Media Challenges that have occurred over the last 24 months. Your post needs to discuss whether there are any consequences to this challenge and what those are and why they were unforeseen. Not all challenges on Social Media are negative. Discuss good (positive) or bad (negative) aspects of the challenge your selected. Support your conclusion with references to the article you selected.In your write-up, include the following things:

Case Study: Havasupai Tribe vs. Arizona State University Nursing Assignment Help

Case Study:
Havasupai Tribe vs. Arizona State University 
link to video;
PROMPT:
Imagine that you are on the research ethics consultation service that must write a report for the case that you picked. This report will be available to the researchers, the IRB, and potentially the research participants. 
Your report for the case study should be structured with the following 4 required components:

Ethical Challenge/Reason for Consult: Identify the chief ethical question that is at the heart of the case. (10 pts)
Background: Introduce and summarize the case scenario in a narrative in your own words: This should include a description of the particular details and facts that are critical to the case. (20 pts)
Analysis: Using the ethical concepts that have been introduced throughout the class, provide an argument for at least TWO opposing responses to the chief ethical question. (40 pts)
Recommendation: You should offer a recommended resolution to the chief question that you have identified. This resolution can either take the form of advocating ONE of the opposing responses over the other or in the form of offering a way to compromise between the two opposing responses. Your recommendation should include a justification for WHY you are taking this position. (30 pts)

What to Include:

Compose your report as a single document and upload it as a file.
You must cite at least two readings from this unit in your discussion [not including the articles that were assigned for the case].
The report should be around 2000 words.
Include a Word Count.
Include a bibliography.

Resources
The following resources will be helpful for producing work within the genre proposed by this assignment.

Here is an example in the attached files (de-identified) of a real research ethics consultation  Download Here is an example (de-identified) of a real research ethics consultation report that instructor wrote while on consultation service at NIH Center for Bioethics. Your report should be around 2000 words, so this report is longer than what I expect from you. However, you can see the way that these reports are written to help guide your own writing.

You are a medical professor in charge of creating college assignments and answers for medical college students. You design and conduct lectures, evaluate student performance and provide feedback through examinations and assignments. Answer each question separately. Include and Introduction. Provide an answer to this content
Case Study:Havasupai Tribe vs. Arizona State University link to video; PROMPT:Imagine that you are on the research ethics consultation service that must write a report for the case that you picked. This report will be available to the researchers, the IRB, and potentially the research participants. Your report for the case study should be structured with the following 4 required components:Ethical Challenge/Reason for Consult: Identify the chief ethical question that is at the heart of the case. (10 pts)Background: Introduce and summarize the case scenario in a narrative in your own words: This should include a description of the particular details and facts that are critical to the case. (20 pts)Analysis: Using the ethical concepts that have been introduced throughout the class, provide an argument for at least TWO opposing responses to the chief ethical question. (40 pts)Recommendation: You should offer a recommended resolution to the chief question that you have identified. This resolution can either take the form of advocating ONE of the opposing responses over the other or in the form of offering a way to compromise between the two opposing responses. Your recommendation should include a justification for WHY you are taking this position. (30 pts)What to Include:Compose your report as a single document and upload it as a file.You must cite at least two readings from this unit in your discussion [not including the articles that were assigned for the case].The report should be around 2000 words.Include a Word Count.Include a bibliography.ResourcesThe following resources will be helpful for producing work within the genre proposed by this assignment.Here is an example in the attached files (de-identified) of a real research ethics consultation  Download Here is an example (de-identified) of a real research ethics consultation report that instructor wrote while on consultation service at NIH Center for Bioethics. Your report should be around 2000 words, so this report is longer than what I expect from you. However, you can see the way that these reports are written to help guide your own writing. . Do not write who you are in the answer.

For this assignment you will need to read a debate article from the ProCon website.  Read the article and write a paragraph on which side you believe made the most convincing argument. There are three Pro and Three Con arguments.

Journal #4

Journal #4 Prompt:

If you could achieve anything in your life, what would it be? 

Remember to include interesting specific details. 

Revision Paragraph 1
For this assignment you will need to read a debate article from the ProCon website.  There is an URL (link) at the bottom of these directions. Read the article and write a paragraph on which side you believe made the most convincing argument. There are three Pro and Three Con arguments. 
Note:  Please do not write your paragraph on what you already believed before reading the article.  In the true spirit of scholastic debate, you are charged to judge which side you believe made the most convincing argument. In your paragraph you are to explain what arguments convinced you that the Pro or the Con side was the best argued position .  
You will upload your paragraph.  I will act as your reviewer. I  will not edit your paragraph as I have done on your previous writings.  Instead, I  will only make suggestions as described in the peer review. I will mention if you have fragments, run-ons, lack clarity, or so forth. But I will not give you specifics as I have done previously.  That part of the revision will be your task. This is meant to challenge you, and help you develop the skills to know how to edit your papers for all your future college writings. Moreover, it is meant to help you view your mistakes in the eyes of your readers, especially to expose when your writing lacks clarity.  Also, this exercise and the next two, are meant to help you see the necessity for revising/editing your papers. You are writing not for yourself, but for readers.
After you have revised and rewritten your paragraph, you will submit it for your grade.  To begin, click the following link:

https://www.procon.org/headlines/saturday-halloween-top-3-pros-and-cons/Links to an external site.

Revision Paragraph 2
For this assignment you will need to read a debate article from the ProCon website.  There is an URL (link) at the bottom of these directions. Read the article and write a paragraph on which side you believe made the most convincing argument. There are three Pro and Three Con arguments. 
Note:  Please do not write your paragraph on what you already believed before reading the article.  In the true spirit of scholastic debate, you are charged to judge which side you believe made the most convincing argument. In your paragraph you are to explain what arguments convinced you that the Pro or the Con side was the best argued position .  
You will upload your paragraph.  I will act as your reviewer. I  will not edit your paragraph as I have done on your previous writings.  Instead, I  will only make suggestions as described in the peer review. I will mention if you have fragments, run-ons, lack clarity, or so forth. But I will not give you specifics as I have done previously.  That part of the revision will be your task. This is meant to challenge you, and help you develop the skills to know how to edit your papers for all your future college writings. Moreover, it is meant to help you view your mistakes in the eyes of your readers, especially to expose when your writing lacks clarity.  Also, this exercise and the next two, are meant to help you see the necessity for revising/editing your papers. You are writing not for yourself, but for readers.
After you have revised and rewritten your paragraph, you will submit it for your grade.  To begin, click the following link:

https://www.procon.org/headlines/pit-bull-bans-top-2-pros-and-cons/Links to an external site.

Revision Essay
Revision Paragraph 1 and Revision Paragraph only required you to write one paragraph for each prospective assignment. This assignment will have you take a guided step by step approach to building a five paragraph essay. 
Once again read the article, and decide which side presented the best argument. write a paragraph on which side, either Pro or Con you believe made the most overall convincing argument. 
Additionally, please note that there are three Pros and three Cons.  So depending on which side you selected, you will then go back and write one paragraph for each.  You will write:  
 One paragraph for Pro/Con 1  
One paragraph for Pro/Con 2  
One paragraph for Pro/Con 3  
These will make the body of your essay.  
Lastly, write a summary paragraph to make your conclusion.  Once again I will act as your reviewer, not editor.  I will make suggestions.  You should follow the suggestion to make the revisions and then resubmit the final document for grading.
 
 Note:  Please do not write your paragraph on what you already believed before reading the article.  In the true spirit of scholastic debate, you are charged to judge which side you believe made the most convincing argument. In your paragraph you are to explain which arguments convinced you that the Pro or the Con side was the best argued position .  

https://www.procon.org/headlines/electoral-college-pros-cons-procon-org/Links to an external site.

Enhancing Military Logistics: A Review of the SCOR Framework in the Five Operations Areas and Its Application in a DoD Case Study

Assignment Instructions:
CO1: Evaluate a framework for making operations decisions in the five operations areas: process, quality, capacity, inventory, and supply chain
CO2: Analyze and explain how the operations function relates to other major business areas: marketing, finance, accounting, human resources, information systems, engineering
CO3: Develop process and quality improvement methodologies
CO8: Compose the results of operations and case studies effectively in writing the results of operations analysis and case studies
Prompt:
According to the additional reading by USMC LtCol Reuter, the future Joint Force will engage in an operating environment that is a complex mixture of uncertainty, change, and conflict. Among these complexities, global access will be challenged by anti-access and area-denial measures, focused on limiting the Joint Force’s freedom of action in a persistent combination of combat, security, engagement, and relief and reconstruction operations. Furthermore, resource constraints will produce military-wide reductions and necessitate a more economical approach to global logistics. As efficiencies are achieved, though, global logistics must effectively sustain the Joint Force. A key factor of success or failure is the effectiveness and efficiency of the logistics enterprise, of which the supply chain is an enabling capability.
Analyzing this DoD case study, in what specific ways could the SCOR framework be used to enhance and enable the combined joint military supply chain to be both more effective (supply chain performance) and efficient (less costly).
Instructions:
Label your Word document as follows: yourlastname.doc (ex: Johnson.docx)
The paper should be at least 1,000-words
The paper should be APA-compliant paper comprising your response.
Minimum 5 full pages of content (Word Document) of strategic material (does not include cover page, abstract, nor reference pages)
All charts, graphs, pictures are to go in the appendix (not a substitute for content)
The paper must provide inline citations to at least five scholarly sources supporting your paper
Refrain from excessive use of quotes in your response (less than 5%)
Once you submit your document to the assignment folder it will automatically be loaded to TURNITIN.COM within the course. Your similarity scan score must be 20% or less (the following will be excluded: headers, bibliography, etc. prior to instructor grading paper—focus on the content of scan percentage
Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero for this assignment
There are no late assignments accepted after the last day of the course
How To Work On This Assignment(Example Draft/Essay)
Introduction The US military faces numerous challenges, including global access challenges, limited resources, and persistent combat and relief operations. In this environment, the effectiveness and efficiency of the logistics enterprise, particularly the supply chain, can make or break the success of military operations. To enhance the performance of the military supply chain, the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework can be used. This paper evaluates the SCOR framework in enhancing the combined joint military supply chain to be both effective (supply chain performance) and efficient (less costly).
SCOR Framework The SCOR framework is a process reference model that describes the business activities involved in satisfying a customer’s demand. The framework encompasses five key areas of operations decisions that include process, quality, capacity, inventory, and supply chain. Each of these areas plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of the supply chain.
Process Area The process area involves a series of activities that transform inputs into outputs. In the military supply chain, the process area includes the movement of goods, supplies, and equipment from the manufacturer to the end-user. To enhance the efficiency of the process area, the military can use the SCOR framework to identify and eliminate non-value-adding activities in the supply chain. This can be achieved through process mapping and redesigning processes to minimize delays, reduce lead times, and optimize the use of resources.
Quality Area The quality area involves the ability to deliver products or services that meet or exceed customer expectations. In the military supply chain, quality is critical to ensure that the equipment, supplies, and materials are reliable and meet the required standards. The SCOR framework can be used to enhance the quality of military logistics by implementing quality management systems and continuous improvement programs. Quality management systems can help to monitor and evaluate the performance of the logistics enterprise, identify areas of improvement, and establish processes for corrective action.
Capacity Area The capacity area involves the ability to meet customer demand by ensuring that the resources required to produce goods or services are available. In the military supply chain, capacity planning is critical to ensure that the necessary resources are available to support military operations. The SCOR framework can be used to enhance capacity planning by forecasting demand, identifying resource constraints, and establishing contingency plans to manage disruptions.
Inventory Area The inventory area involves the management of goods and materials from the point of origin to the point of consumption. In the military supply chain, inventory management is critical to ensure that the right goods and materials are available at the right time and place. The SCOR framework can be used to enhance inventory management by implementing inventory optimization strategies, such as just-in-time (JIT) and vendor-managed inventory (VMI). These strategies can help to reduce inventory holding costs, minimize stockouts, and improve the accuracy of demand forecasting.
Supply Chain Area The supply chain area involves the coordination of activities involved in moving goods, materials, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. In the military supply chain, supply chain management is critical to ensure that the right goods and materials are available at the right time and place. The SCOR framework can be used to enhance supply chain management by improving visibility and collaboration among supply chain partners. This can be achieved through the implementation of information systems that provide real-time visibility into the status of goods and materials, as well as the establishment of partnerships and alliances with suppliers and logistics providers.
Application of SCOR Framework in Military Logistics The application of the SCOR framework in military logistics can enhance the performance of the combined joint military supply chain in several ways. First, the framework can be used to optimize the logistics enterprise by identifying and eliminating non-value-adding activities, improving the quality of goods and services, enhancing capacity planning, optimizing inventory management, and improving supply chain management. By enhancing the performance of these areas, the military

Providing Value and Overcoming Price Competition in the Office Furniture Industry

Assignment Instructions:
Type and answer each question posed at the end of the case.
In addition to your textbook, you must use at least one additional resource (for a total of two resources) to support your thoughts. Be sure to properly cite your references.
Chapter 7
Case
Office Furniture Company
Background
The Office Furniture Company specializes in providing customers with office furniture solutions that are customized and designed to address productivity and aesthetic needs. It sells office furniture from the leading manufacturers, but creates value by analyzing the specific needs of each customer and then developing a customized design to meet these needs. There are several competitors in the office furniture industry, but most of them focus on low prices. Customers usually pay more for an Office Furniture Company solution, but receive more value in terms of increased productivity and business effectiveness.
Current Situation
Naiser & Associates is a small, but growing, accounting firm. The company plans to add more office staff and to increase the number of its accountants. This planned growth means that the firm will have to find new office space, because it will have outgrown its current location. Because it plans continued growth in the future, it is looking for a new office that will accommodate current and future growth objectives. Naiser & Associates also wants to purchase new and better furniture for its new office.
You are a sales representative for the Office Furniture Company and have been meeting with partner, Frank Naiser, as well as accountants and staff at Naiser & Associates. Based on these meetings, you have identified the following office furniture needs:
Naiser & Associates has typically met with clients at their offices. It would like to have most client meetings in the future at its new office. This means they desire furniture for these meetings that facilitates these meetings and communicates a professional and customer-friendly image.
Their current office furniture did not provide much storage for accountants or staff. Thus, important documents were stored at the end of a long hallway. Employees wasted a lot of time trying to retrieve important documents. Thus, they desire furniture that provides more storage for each employee.
Technology is changing at a rapid pace, so furniture that can be easily adapted to new technologies is very important.
As Naiser & Associates continues to grow, it will probably have to reorganize itself and is likely to need to adapt the physical office to different organizational arrangements. Office furniture that is adaptable to different configurations is important.
You have created an office equipment design for Naiser & Associates that addresses each of the issues presented above and are preparing for a meeting with the partner, Frank Naiser, the office manager, and a representative for the firm’s accountants. You know that a competitor has already made a presentation to the same group and their offer will cost less than what you will be able to charge.
Questions
How will you try overcoming the lower price offer by a competitor?
What specific value can you offer Naiser & Associates?
How can you most effectively communicate the value of your proposed office equipment design?
What sales aids and proof providers could you use to make your presentation more engaging and effective?
Role Play
Situation: Read the Office Equipment Company case.
Characters: Frank Naiser, partner; Jennifer Hamman, office manager; Jessica Attaway, accountant representative
Scene:
Location—Current Naiser & Associates office.
Action—Role play this meeting. Be sure to address the specific needs identified earlier, to communicate effectively with each person in the meeting, and to incorporate sales aids appropriately.
After completing the role plays, address the following questions:
How would you evaluate the role play in terms of interesting, understandable, and engaging sales dialogue? What improvements would you recommend?
How well did you involve each person in the meeting? What improvements would you recommend?
Evaluate the effectiveness of each sales aid used? What improvements in the use of sales aids would you recommend?
How To Work On This Assignment(Example Draft/Essay)
The Office Furniture Company specializes in providing customized office furniture solutions that address productivity and aesthetic needs. Unlike most competitors in the industry that focus on low prices, the company creates value by analyzing the specific needs of each customer and developing a customized design to meet those needs. Naiser & Associates is a growing accounting firm that needs new office space and furniture for its expanding team. The company desires furniture that facilitates client meetings, provides more storage for each employee, is adaptable to new technologies, and can be easily reconfigured to different organizational arrangements.
As a sales representative for the Office Furniture Company, my goal is to provide Naiser & Associates with a comprehensive office furniture solution that meets all their needs and offers unique value. To overcome the competition’s lower price offer, I will emphasize the long-term cost-effectiveness of our solutions and the enhanced productivity and professional image that our solution will offer to Naiser & Associates.
Specific value that we can offer Naiser & Associates includes a customized solution that addresses their specific needs, a comprehensive office furniture solution that provides more storage, adaptable furniture that can accommodate new technologies, and flexible furniture that can be easily reconfigured as their organization grows.
To effectively communicate the value of our proposed office equipment design, we will focus on demonstrating the benefits that our solution offers, such as increased productivity, enhanced professional image, and long-term adaptability. We will use visual aids such as diagrams and photos to show how our solution addresses their specific needs. We will also provide testimonials and case studies from other satisfied customers to demonstrate the effectiveness of our solutions.
In the role play, I addressed the specific needs identified earlier and communicated effectively with each person in the meeting. However, to improve, I could have asked more questions to involve each person more in the conversation. I involved each person in the meeting, but I could have tailored the conversation to each person’s role and addressed their specific concerns.
In terms of sales aids, I used product samples and brochures effectively. To improve, I could have incorporated more interactive and engaging sales aids, such as videos and interactive demonstrations, to make the presentation more memorable.
In conclusion, providing unique value and emphasizing the long-term benefits of our solution will help overcome price competition in the office furniture industry. By addressing Naiser & Associates’ specific needs and using effective sales aids, we can effectively communicate the value of our proposed office equipment design and provide a comprehensive office furniture solution that enhances their productivity and professional image.

How might you overcome implicit bias when interacting with colleagues, students, and parents?

Respond to  2 students discussion using the rise Model
Due Sunday August 27, 2023 by 11:00 pm
Must Read Everything: 
Reply to at least two classmate’s posts, applying the RISE Model for Meaningful Feedback
I will also show an example below of how the response needs to be addressed.
Here’s an example of how the response should look. Please don’t copy it. 
The response to the classmate need to be just like this. 
Example Response (Response Needs to be writen just like the response below No copying)
RISE Feedback:
REFLECT: I concur with “Action plans should reflect the type of services that are needed and have an idea of the expected outcome of the services” because it is in line with Hatch and Hartline’s intentional school counseling guidelines in regards to determining students needs.
INQUIRE: Can you further explain what “closing-the-gap action plans” are? 
SUGGEST: I encourage you to revisit Hatch and Hartline’s MTMDSS tier interventions in order to add a citation that would illustrate your example on bullying prevention efforts. 
ELEVATE: What if you re-purposed “For example, after a needs assessment, the school is having problems with bullying” as “Following Trish Hatch’s MTMDSS tier based interventions, if the school is having problems with bullying, after a needs assessment, we could… citation…”  for a more weighted argument?
ReferencesHatch, T., & Hartline, J. (2022). The use of data in school counseling: Hatching results (and so much more) for students, programs and the profession (2nd Ed.). Corwin.
****PLEASE RESPOND IN DEPTH***************************************************
Below are the two classmate discussion post that you will need to respond to

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Classmate 1- Ashley
Where you surprised about some of the implicit bias revealed by taking the quizzes? Why or why not?
“Our biases also influence our beliefs and actions. Research indicates that school counselors (along with teachers and administrators) tend to have negative biases toward students based upon race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and gender (for math and science.)” (Grothaus, p.17) Along with 7% of people, my responses suggested a slight automatic preference for African Americans over European Americans. I was surprised by these results and thought my attempt to navigate life unbiased by race was flourishing. As I think deeper, I can attribute this bias to some personal experiences from the last few years. I moved from an area that was predominately African American to a place that isn’t and has had my fair share of uncomfortable experiences with individuals. For example, a teacher at my previous school site used a racial slur and spoke poorly about an African American student. I was shocked and hurt, but the principal handled the situation. The teacher admitted that she did not think I was African American because she could not tell by how I looked. I also encountered a parent at the park saying racial slurs to my nephews, and when he figured out that the whole group I was with was related because it was a multicultural group. Embarrassed, he ran off. I’ve rarely had these experiences, so the increase has caused me to become more cautious as I navigate with people who could potentially have the same perspective. However, I understand all people don’t express the same sentiments. Although I’m sensitive to the disparities and struggles of African Americans, I do not want to prefer them over others as I interact with students. I must actively work towards overcoming this bias.
How might you overcome implicit bias when interacting with colleagues, students, and parents?
To overcome implicit bias when interacting with colleagues, students, and parents, I will “lean into what may be uncomfortable to examine,” as the text mentions. A counselor who self-reflects is healthier as they will likely become mindful not to project their thoughts and beliefs onto others. ASCA calls school counselors to “recognize and distinguish individual and group differences and strive to value all equally.” (Povall, 2023) To do this, the counselor must commit to learning about others and themselves, committing to learn and grow. This test revealed what I was not privy to, so as I encounter individuals of this race, I will be more mindful not to project these feelings.
References
Grothaus, T., Johnson, K. F. Edirmanasinghe, N. (2020). Culturally Sustaining School Counseling. ASCA.
Povall, C., & Smedley, J. (n.d.). Equity in Schools: What, Why and How? Counselor News. Retrieved August 22, 2023, from https://www.schoolcounselor.org
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Classmate 2- Serena
I believe we are all biased and even if the results of this test say we are not, as the disclaimer states prior to the test, the results are objective. I was not surprised to have gotten the results I did for the sexuality IAT because I know I was taught being straight is “right” growing up and other sexualities are “wrong”. So to overcome this bias is something I have worked on and need to continue to work on. I was also not surprised to not find bias in the Skin Tone IAT test results. This test felt very different out of the 3 and the most “automatic”. It was hard for me to go quickly in the other ones and this one felt almost hard to mess up. I wonder if any other classmates experienced the test this way as well? I however surprised to have gotten the results “your response shows no automatic preference between Black People and White people” for the Race IAT because I feel like racial biases and preferences are so present in our current society. All though I try to be aware of it I am surprised to not have a preference for white people because I feel almost all people have a preference for people of the same race even if we are not intentionally doing it. It makes me feel good that I did not show a bias on some of the tests. However as I previously stated I don’t believe the results of this test are not truly indicative of me having no bias because no single test could measure that. I think to overcome these implicit biases will be very important in my future career. I will work to overcome my implicit biases by acknowledging them. Tests like these and staying up to date on current research and publications around the subject are good way to maintain awareness of your own biases. This resource is definitely a tool I will use in my future. I will work hard to see students as who they are, all individual and unique people. 
Grothaus, T., Johnson, K. F. Edirmanasinghe, N. (2020). Culturally Sustaining School Counseling. ASCA.
DeWitt, P. (2012). Dignity for all: Safeguarding LGBT students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Building a wellness center that provides trauma therapy in underserved populations; to survivors of the Liberia civil war who are struggling with Long-term posttraumatic stress disorder also known as Complex-PTSD.      Identify and define two theories that might provide a framework’  

BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 3, WEEK 4, AND WEEK 5

Respond to three of your peers, suggesting another possible framework for their study. 
Respond again to check in with your cohort by asking a question, sharing an experience, responding to someone else, or adding helpful links and resources.

DEKONTEE
Summarize your research problem.  
  
Building a wellness center that provides trauma therapy in underserved populations; to survivors of the Liberia civil war who are struggling with Long-term posttraumatic stress disorder also known as Complex-PTSD.  
  
Identify and define two theories that might provide a framework’  
  
In last week’s discussion I posted about Conceptual framework and Theoretical framework. I narrow it down to Theoretical framework because it describes everything I am trying to do within my research. “Set of concepts, theories, ideas, and assumptions that serve as a foundation for understanding a particular phenomenon or problem. It provides a conceptual framework that helps researchers to design and conduct their research, as well as to analyze and interpret their findings” (Theoretical Framework Hassan, 2023). Although Theoretical frameworks provide a particular perspective, or lens, through which to examine a topic, there are many different lenses, such as psychological theories and organizational theories.  
  
Explain how both of your chosen theories or conceptual frameworks could work in your study.  
  
Organizational theory seeks to understand how social organizations and companies operate. This theory is important because this information is needed for me to successfully fulfill the business side of my organization that will handle the wellness centers projects. The main elements of organizational also focus on people, environment, technology, and structure. These elements interact to help organizations achieve set goals and objectives (Forsyth, 2022).  
  
According to K.S. LaBar, 2015 “Psychological theories explain the long-term consequences of human behavior and provide robust evidence-based clarifications as to why people believe, behave, and react how they do. These theories discuss factors of personality, early experiences, and interpersonal relations” (LaBar, 2015). This theory aligns perfectly with my research problem because the traumatic experiences from the civil war affected many people. Those who were severely affected and did not receive proper help after the war, behavior and how they treat others were affected and forever changed for the worse. They have turned to crime and violence. Repeating those same traumas, they went through. Which is why building wellness centers to provide treatments and therapy is important. Rehabilitation is desperately needed. 
  
Explain how once you choose a framework it will influence the entire study.  
  
It will influence the entire study because the framework helps with communication, prevents chaos inconsistency, bias in your research and confusion. It provides a clear and coherent structure for your research project.  
  
 
References
K.S. LaBar, 2015.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/psychological-theory#:~:text=Psychological%20theories%20explain%20the%20long,early%20experiences%2C%20and%20interpersonal%20relations.
Edith Forsyth Organizational Theory, 2022.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/organizational-behavior-theory-in-business.html#:~:text=In%20this%20context%2C%20organizational%20theory,achieve%20set%20goals%20and%20objectives.
QUONTEISHA
The research problem that I would like to address is why is the Black maternal mortality rate so high. African American women face substandard health care which leads to a high rate of deaths during childbirth or shortly after. Racism has existed throughout human history. It may be defined as the hatred of one person by another or the belief that another person is less than human because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth, or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. According to the Kaiser Foundation (2023), “Black women are twice as likely than white women to have a preterm birth, which can lead to death or lifelong health problems. And pregnancy-related mortality rates among Black women are more than three times higher than white women.”
The two theories that I have identified as possibly providing a framework for my research would be Critical Race Theory and Conflict Theory although there are many theories that could be used to examine racism, prejudice, and discrimination in American society. Critical Race Theory was first developed by legal scholars in the 1970s and ‘80s following the Civil Rights Movement and explains that racism is rooted in laws, policies, and institutions that uphold and reproduce racial inequalities (Sawchuk, 2021). Conflict Theory was developed by Karl Marx and is rooted in the assumption that inequalities contribute to social differences and that social problems are inevitable (Marx, 1848).
Critical Race Theory can work in this study because it explains why societal issues such as Black Americans’ higher mortality rate, over-exposure to police violence and brutality, mass incarceration, lack of affordable housing, and the death rates of Black women in childbirth are not unrelated anomalies (Sawchuk, 2021). Additionally, Conflict Theory could work in this study because it addresses the vast differences in Black and White maternal death rates.
The theory I ultimately choose can guide the research, the questions, and the respondents which could lead to facilitating change and development in academia, and the research process will require that many different areas be researched to gain valuable background information (Walden, n.d-a).
 
References
Sawchuk, S. (2021). Equity& Diversity. What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack? 
https://www.edweek.org/leadership/what-is-critical-race-theory-and-why-is-it-under-attack/2021/05
Links to an external site.

Walden University. (2020a). Framework Download Framework. Walden University Canvas. 
https://waldenu.instructure.com

Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Library guide to capstone literature review: Theorists & theoretical sources. 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/doctoral/literaturereview/theorists
Links to an external site.

FRANCINE
Summarize your research problem-
The research problem is barriers to educational outcomes in minority men lead to research of experiences of incarcerated college minority males expelled from primary school. There are Barriers of implicit bias/systemic racism that lead to criminalizing students who face behavioral or emotional issues, leading to incarceration while experiencing high poverty rates. 
Theory and Framework-
The theory that guides this study is Institutional Racism and its concept in a conceptual framework.  In Institutional Racism, systemic and structural biases create an unfair and unjust racism that creates barriers in many areas, including expulsion in education. 
Researching the theory of Institutional Racism is to research the adverse experiences of those incarcerated college students who were expelled. The implications of systemic racism of expelled students would suggest that if they weren’t removed, it would have prevented incarceration as remaining in school would have been an opportunity instead of criminal activity. Griffith (2007) The theory would aid in hypothesizing that those expelled didn’t experience an advocate who would assist in school success. With reading prior research on the school-to-prison pipeline, there is a gap in researching incarcerated males attending college, previously expelled from primary education, and unable to obtain an education. 
Work within my study-
Within the conceptual framework, the study aims to determine the adverse experiences of incarcerated minority males attending college who were expelled in middle school, that the barrier to educational outcomes is due to treatment experiences of institutional racism of treatment of being expelled. 
Theory and Framwerok utilized in my study-
The theory will assist my student in discussing the experiences of institutional racism with the students who had adverse experiences with expulsion rates due to systemic racism versus those who weren’t expelled. The student was removed from school and criminalized, which prevented educational outcomes.
References: 
Purdy, E. R. (2021). Poverty and Social Exclusion. Salem Press Encyclopedia. (b) Correlation to poverty and outcomes in society (c) Living in poverty decreases social health opportunities (d) Social and economic factors prohibit benefits for education. 
Griffith, D. M., Mason, M., Yonas, M., Eng., E., Jeffries, V., Plihcik, S., & Parks, B. (2007). Dismantling institutional racism: Theory and action. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(34), 381–392.