Why are people demonstrating in Birmingham? What are some of the consequences they may face as protesters? Why do you think they still chose to protest despite the harm it could do to them?

*Essay Quiz #2 is based on the reading below (the paragraph and the link). This reading is not assessed on your Exams.

Letter from the Birmingham Jail

The Civil Rights Movement began in order to help African Americans gain equal rights in the United States. Despite the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, enacted during Reconstruction, African Americans experienced rampant abuse throughout the South. White Southerners hindered Blacks from participating in the political system, economic system, and social system in the South. African Americans who sought to challenge White dominance often experienced persecution that ranged from beatings and bombings to violent lynchings. In spite of all of the negative consequences of challenging White authority, many African Americans and their supporters continued to fight for racial equality. Different groups chose to take up the fight for civil rights in a variety of ways. The NAACP utilized the legal system to win rights for African Americans. Groups like CORE used non-violent direct action to fight against things like segregation. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) an organization composed mainly of religious figures used a variety of methods to fight for rights. Often, members of the SCLC were arrested for protesting in the South and sometimes the organization used women and children in order to gain public sympathy for their cause. Not everyone who supported the movement agreed with these methods. In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr., one of the leaders of the SCLC, was arrested and religious officials in Birmingham, AL responded by criticizing his methodology. In “Letter from the Birmingham Jail”, Martin Luther King, Jr. responds to his critics about how his actions also support the movement for civil rights. Why you are reading, think about Martin Luther King, Jr.’s methods and why some people may not agree with them.
Read the above paragraph and 

“Letter from the Birmingham Jail” 
<https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html> for your Essay Quiz #1.

Answer the following questions in a well-formed essay of at least 500 words:
Consequences–Why are people demonstrating in Birmingham? What are some of the consequences they may face as protesters? Why do you think they still chose to protest despite the harm it could do to them?
Understanding Ethical Choices–In his “Letter from the Birmingham Jail”, Martin Luther King Jr. argued that it is okay to disobey laws that are morally wrong because in reality when you disobey a morally bad law you are “expressing the highest respect for law”. How does he apply that belief to his fight for the rights of African Americans in the United States? Could he have done the same thing while also obeying the laws?
Intercultural Competence—What are some of the reasons why the author argues that African Americans cannot “wait” any longer for justice? Do all African Americans agree with the author or is there dissent among the community when it comes to pursuing justice? How do Southern Whites think about justice differently for the African American community (do Southern Whites think the African American community’s current situation warrants justice)? What cultural biases are preventing African Americans and Southern Whites from agreeing on this topic?
Knowledge of Civic Responsibility and Engagement with Communities–If you faced a similar circumstance to Martin Luther King, Jr., how would you react if the government issued a law that you felt was morally wrong or hurt your community? (Think about the kinds of avenues (legal or illegal) you have available for recourse against such a law and what things your community could do to fight against it.)
**Make sure to include an introduction and a conclusion to your essay.

Explain how the differences between leadership and management affect networking within your selected virtual organization.

In preparation for this assignment, use this link on the Week Five Course Web page to assess information on the different virtual organizations. Select one of the virtual organizations as the basis for this proposal. Be sure to obtain your instructor’s approval of your selection prior to beginning this assignment.
Prepare a paper in which you utilize organizational psychology concepts to make recommendations to improve the environment within your selected virtual organization.
      Be sure to address the following items in your paper:
      Recommend at least two strategies to create alliances between your selected virtual organization and its networked internal and external stakeholders.
      Explain how the differences between leadership and management affect networking within your selected virtual organization.
      Propose an environment that is supportive of team functioning and learning and that allows for sustainable innovation and creativity within your selected virtual organization. Be sure to include the rationale for your proposal.
Prepare a 10 to 15 minute oral presentation accompanied by 10 to 12 Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides illustrating your Environment Proposal. Online Campus students will submit 10 to 12 slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with presenter notes.

Identify the diversity and compensation issues inherent in this scenario. Discuss with examples of some challenges that might arise in rectifying this situation and explain how would you could work with the HR department to overcome them. Support your answer with evidence from the text and at least one external source. 

You are the head of a large department in an organization that has recently been acquired by another in which there are a significant number of foreign employees; many of whom have poor business English skills. Consequently employee communications are becoming strained and mistakes are being made. Additionally, the supervisors in your department are becoming increasingly frustrated by the expectations of upper management at Head Office who seem out of touch and disinterested in the way you have done things in the past. Upper management is insisting that the policies and processes of the acquiring company are used. You are concerned that your employees are not familiar with these processes and don’t have the resources necessary to comply with them. Last, but not least, your supervisors have become aware of some differences in compensation and benefits between employees. Those who worked for your original company, on average, are paid 5% less, get one week less vacation time and a lower retirement contribution match than those in the acquiring company.
 
Identify the diversity and compensation issues inherent in this scenario. Discuss with examples of some challenges that might arise in rectifying this situation and explain how would you could work with the HR department to overcome them. Support your answer with evidence from the text and at least one external source. 

As a teacher, your role in portfolio assessment is a vital one, but as Wortham (2012) discusses, so is a child’s parent.  For this journal entry, reflect on the importance of portfolio assessment in the classroom or childcare center.   How does this type of assessment support you as the caregiver or teacher in your quest to ensure growth? Also, what are some ways that you can include parents in the portfolio assessment process, and why is this important for you as a teacher or caregiver?

To complete the following journal entry, go to this week’s Journal link in the left navigation.

Portfolios

As Chapter 9 of your text discusses how portfolios are used to develop a holistic picture of a child’s abilities.  As a teacher, your role in portfolio assessment is a vital one, but as Wortham (2012) discusses, so is a child’s parent.  For this journal entry, reflect on the importance of portfolio assessment in the classroom or childcare center.  

How does this type of assessment support you as the caregiver or teacher in your quest to ensure growth?
Also, what are some ways that you can include parents in the portfolio assessment process, and why is this important for you as a teacher or caregiver?
How will you involve children in the portfolio process?
Lastly, how will you ensure parents see what is in the child’s portfolio?

Journal Options: 

Written reflection journal.
Create a Voki.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your journal entries.

Analyze the impact of internal and external pressures on organizational change efforts. Compare and contrast change rationales.

Analyze the impact of internal and external pressures on organizational change efforts.
Compare and contrast change rationales.
Discuss key driving and restraining forces of change efforts.
Examine the stages of change commitment
Assess the alignment between management’s view of change and those held throughout the organization.

This week we consider the external pressures on organizations. An understanding of these pressures will be viewed through the lens of current issues facing the law enforcement profession. In the evolving world of law enforcement, we constantly strive for a system of objective evaluation to measure the performance of police officers.  Realistically, each agency has a small percentage of personnel who are ultimately considered non-productive employees – dead wood.  In a government setting, often laced with strong union contracts allowing for job protection and complex disciplinary review boards, it becomes and extremely difficult task for the manager to effectively take on and terminate non-productive employees.  Ultimately, the manager succumbs to the realization that the agency is stuck with this dead wood and seeks to balance the needs of the agency by assigning these individuals to areas of reduced responsibility and low community demand.  The police manager all too often wrongly capitalizes upon and exploits select individuals who are considered the high producers in the agency.  The objective here is to create a balance in an attempt to meet the needs of the community and fulfill the objectives of the organization recognizing that only certain officers are in fact producing.  In the end, the manager mistakenly tends to look at the overall combined accomplishments of the agency rather than focusing on individual achievements. 
 
According to Kirk Blackard in his article published in the Dispute Resolution Journal, conflict is defined as “…a situation of competition in which the parties are aware of the incompatibility of potential future positions and in which each party wishes to occupy a position which is incompatible with the wishes of the other.”  (Blackard, 1999)  Blackard in his article was able to identify specific conflict categorical characteristics, which are applicable in law enforcement.  These categories consist of the following:
 

·       An unpleasant work environment characterized by employee fear and morale, resolved through informal discussion and open dialogue.  There are no formal policies or procedures unless      the conflict involves a hostile environment.
·       Lack of productivity resulting from information being withheld, energies being diverted from productive work to conflict, and competition becoming unhealthy.  Resolve through documentation     and disciplinary action if warranted.
·       Sabotage driven by employee efforts to cause someone else to lose if they cannot win.  If proven, resolution is through documentation and supporting evidence of policy violation.
·       Excessive turnover from employees leaving because their needs are not being met. Resolution begins with informal dialogue to identify issues forming basis of turnover.
·       High litigation costs and adverse judgments from actions of employees who see no alternative to filing legal action.  Resolution is through formal adherence to procedural steps and policy.

 
Traditional law enforcement has and continues to base performance on statistical reactive reporting.  This may include such items as how many citations were written during the month, how many arrests were made, or how many reports were written during the month, how many reports were taken on a particular shift.  It becomes a game of numbers.  In order to meet the minimum criteria for this evaluation process, a non-productive employee quite simply will write a few tickets, and make an occasional arrest to keep the sergeant happy.  When confronted by a superior regarding low performance, the employee quite simply goes on the offensive and accuses management of setting quotas.
 
By allowing these non-productive employees to remain in any employment setting, an adverse effect will undoubtedly prevail within the organization.  In time, a proactive employee may become stressed with heavy workloads and increased responsibilities with no additional compensation.  Burnout and frustration will ultimately ensue.  Meanwhile, the dead wood employee sits back, makes the same pay, and depending on seniority, may even be making more money, and have choice days off and shift assignment.
 
This scenario exemplifies the need for change within the industry and the pressures faced by those in management positions. Learning to implement change from a job-oriented cultural perspective may prove to be challenging when faced with such a highly adversarial work environment.
 
Reference
 
Blackard,K. (1999). How to make the most of the employment ADR process Dispute Resolution Journal, 54, 71-77.
 
 
 
 
Week 2 Preview of Readings, Discussions, and Assignments
 
Readings
 
1.     Read the following chapters in your text, Managing Organizational Change:

Chapter 3: Why Organizations Change
Chapter 4: What Changes in Organizations
Chapter 5: Diagnosis for Change

 
2.     Recommended Reading:

 Cronshaw, S., & McCulloch, A. (2008). Reinstating the Lewinian vision: From force field analysis to organization field assessment. Organization Development Journal, 26(4), 89-103. (Document ID: 1599537381).
 Paquin, J., & Koplyay, T.. (2007). Force field analysis and strategic management: A dynamic approach. Engineering Management Journal, 19(1), 28-37. (Document ID: 1238458261).

Discussions
To participate in the following Discussion Forums, go to this week’s Discussion link in the left navigation:
1.     Change Rationales
Find two articles about organizations going through change. Provide a complete APA citation for each article. Answer the following questions and respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings.

·        What is the rationale presented for the changes? What are the internal and external pressures considered in the change?·        Compare and contrast the rationales from each article. What are the commonalities presented? Are some presented as more legitimate than others? ·        To what extent are single versus multiple rationales utilized? What conclusions do you draw from this?

 2.     Force Field Analysis
Find at least one significant article related to either downsizing, implementation of a new technology, or a merger or acquisition. Provide a complete APA citation of the article. 

·        What are the key driving forces? What are the key restraining forces?·        Prepare a force field analysis graph (see Figure 5.9 from your text). ·        Think about how to implement the change by increasing drivers or reducing restraints. ·        Describe and discuss the change in terms of the force field analysis in 200 words or less.

 
Assignments
To complete this assignment, go to this week’s Assignment link in the left navigation:
Nestlé
Read the case study: Nestlé from the end of chapter 4 in your text. Answer the following questions in a three page APA style paper; include outside sources to support your answers.

·       Did Nestlé undergo either first-order and/or second-order change according to the case? Answer listing examples of types for change from the case.·       Brabeck-Letmathe emphasizes the need for an incremental approach to change. Do you agree that this is what he has done? ·       Discuss the differences and similarities between his view and your view of what has occurred at Nestlé, both historically and in recent times.·       What implications for change managers would apply specifically to Nestlé? Outline how the Nestlé management team may have reacted to each implication.·       Find three examples of lessons from the front line that are evident in the Nestlé case. How could these issues be overcome?

Recall your own childhood and the physical education lessons and classroom environment in which you participated.  Reflect upon and list several factors (either at home or school) that influenced your motivation to participate in physical education. Include any positive or negative effects.

Recall your own childhood and the physical education lessons and classroom environment in which you participated. 
Reflect upon and list several factors (either at home or school) that influenced your motivation to participate in physical education. Include any positive or negative effects.  If these factors had not been present, how might your lifestyle and current levels of motivation be different?

What were the leadersbases of power? How was it gained? What was their reach or influence? How did the leaders find themselves in the position to serve as change agents? Describe the situation, including the need for a change agent.

Leaders as Change Agents
 
In this assignment, you will study the factors involved in making leaders change agents.
For the assignment, you will put well-known personalities and yourself under the microscope to learn what makes you and the individuals you select not only leaders but also what it takes for leaders to be change agents.
 
Using the Internet, and periodicals such as Fortune, Business Week, and Forbes, research about the biographies, case studies, and articles of leaders.
 
Choose any two leaders who you consider to have been very successful change agents and two who you believe have been unsuccessful change agents. Write a brief biography of each of the leaders you selected.
 
In addition, answer the following questions regarding your chosen leaders:
 

What were the leaders’ bases of power? How was it gained? What was their reach or influence?
How did the leaders find themselves in the position to serve as change agents? Describe the situation, including the need for a change agent.
What mode did each leader operate in?
Were the leaders successful change agents?
What made the leaders successful or unsuccessful change agents?
What were the similarities between the two successful leaders and the differences between the two successful and two unsuccessful leaders?
Are there factors about the leaders you researched that might have predicted their success or failure before they achieved leadership roles? Explain at least three such factors

Cite all sources. Include in text citations. 

How does the Incident Commander direct all elements towards a common objective?

 Question:
How does the Incident Commander direct all elements towards a common objective?
APA-Perdue OwlLinks to an external site.

APA format is required.

Title page, reference page, in text citations (see above link for help.)

References and in text citations must be formatted in APA.
Course reference(s) and one outside reference are required.
Do not copy and paste.
All assignments are scanned by Turn It In Plagiarism checker.
Length of paper should be a minimum of 2 written pages. (Title page and reference page are not included in this number.)

Conflict may occur in any work environment, whether it is in the clinical setting, another department, or another organization. It is important to understand how conflict arises and how conflict is managed through effective communication.w will you address each area and improve understanding, collaboration, motivation, and positive attitude? How does emotional intelligence play a role in encouraging the staff to cooperate and to be willing to make behavior changes?

Conflict may occur in any work environment, whether it is in the clinical setting, another department, or another organization. It is important to understand how conflict arises and how conflict is managed through effective communication.w will you address each area and improve understanding, collaboration, motivation, and positive attitude?
How does emotional intelligence play a role in encouraging the staff to cooperate and to be willing to make behavior changes?
The behavior of a leader has a direct impact on the motivation of his or her team. It is crucial for a leader to understand how his or her behavior and conflict-handling ability impact the care of patients.
Here is a scenario of a leader who is willing to handle conflicts in his or her workplace.
You are promoted to a management position in a small organization. There are four full-time members and three part-time members. You have a department manager currently overseeing the operations. You are excited to begin with your new assignment and have completed orientation. You heard some rumblings from the staff development team, “You have your work cut out for you in this department!” It does not sound promising, yet you are filled with energy, a positive attitude but a bit concerned as you do not want to appear bossy. You lack a bit of confidence since they are seasoned team members and you are new to the organization.
Once you begin your first day, you decide to meet with everyone as a group and individually over the next few days. What you are uncovering is disturbing and you quickly realize that the team members have lots of conflicts within the department. In a nutshell, this is what you have discovered:

The department manager thinks she is in charge since clients, customers, or patients have specialized needs. She is stern faced and does not seem to smile, yet she does not admit it is her or her department’s fault if there is an error. She seems to enjoy the increasing conflict among the unit as it takes any “pressure” off her and she can continue to “tell people what to do.”
Two full-time administrative staff members do not like each other and refuse to work together. One feels the other cooks “strange food” and cannot understand her when she speaks, and she is too quiet. The other staff member feels the first one is too outspoken and not gracious and hurries through her assignments. They share a small office and their work is critical to the success of the organization as they oversee all billing, accounts payable and receivable, and schedule the large projects and services to other organizations. The rest of the staff members avoid going to this office as the tension is clearly increased in this room.
The part-time staff feel they are not being offered any extra shifts and sometimes they are asked not to come to work if the day is slow. They feel they are not valued and are demotivated by less pay. This is a critical time for them due to the economy crisis. When they are at work, they often bring their home problems with them and seem stressed when they have to work with the other team members.

Answer the following questions:

How will you address each area and improve understanding, collaboration, motivation, and positive attitude?
How does emotional intelligence play a role in encouraging the staff to cooperate and to be willing to make behavior changes?
What behavior theory will you research to develop your thoughts when you speak to each staff member?
How important is decreasing overall conflict in the workplace?
How can you develop a win-win approach?

Please Zero Plagiarism, include references and cited, i need this work on time. please

Evaluate the pros and cons of the following: Remaining with a government-operated system of administering airport security, versus returning to privately owned and operated, contracted airport security organizations.

 
This is a case analysis of airport security breaches. APA format to include all in text citations. Must have 5 sources no Wikipedia! 4pages long Times new Roman 12 pitch. I will provide an example of the exact format that must be followed.
 
ASCI 202
Introduction to Aeronautical Science
– Three-four pages text (maximum, include a reference page; and a title page)
– Double-spaced lines
– Times New Roman 12 pitch
I. Review what others did regarding the case
II. Diagnose the case (identify the issue/problem, define the significance of the issue/problem)
III. “Size-up” the case (determine the influence of the issue/problem, decide what was done well, and identify what could be improved)
IV. Provide recommendations (identify courses of action; what would you do differently?)
Develop a case analysis on this topic: Evaluate the pros and cons of the following: Remaining with a government-operated system of administering airport security, versus returning to privately owned and operated, contracted airport security organizations. In your evaluation, consider factors that resulted in the creation of the Transportation Security Administration. Include in your discussion San Francisco International Airport’s ability to remain secure while utilizing a private company under contract with the federal government. As always, draw upon previous module knowledge to help you conduct your analysis.
Refer to the assignment guides and rubric in the activity and ensure your case analysis conforms to the assignment requirements. Use the rubric as a guide when completing this assignment.
In order to receive full credit, assignments must be submitted by the due date. You may lose points for late submissions. No submissions accepted after the last day of the module/week. Collectively, case analyses are worth 30% of your course grade.
Upon submission, your work will automatically be evaluated through the SafeAssign plagiarism detection tool. Ensure your work is entirely your own. Cite your sources!