what is considered a “reasonable” accommodation under ADA

Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 12112(a), requires employers to provide reasonable accommodation to otherwise qualified persons with a disability to enable them to work.   The federal government has a similar requirement under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794.  A “reasonable” accommodation a determination to be made on the facts by the employer on a case-by-case basis.  Ultimately, the decision an employer makes could be reviewed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)  (or an equivalent state agency) or a court if the employer’s action is challenged by an applicant or employee.

PROMPT:  CASE STUDY

Adele, a fully qualified specialized registered nurse, is deaf. She relies upon an American Sign Language (ASL) interpreter to communicate with hearing individuals in the workplace.  Adele applied for a job with Marigold Mercy Receiving and Trauma Center (“MMRTC”), a large medical center that, with all its hubs and subsidiaries, grossed $1.3 billion annually. Adele received a job offer, conditioned upon a health screening and clearance by MMRTC’s occupational health department. She was in fact cleared, but she notified MMRTC that she needed an ASL interpreter as an accommodation for her hearing impairment.  The annual salary, including benefits, for her position was approximately $75,000. Upon investigation, MMRTC calculated that the annual cost to MMRTC for the ASL interpreter accommodation would be $120,000; there was the need for a full time interpreter for Adele, plus several situations where two ASL interpreters would be required.  In considering Adele’s request for accommodation, the hiring supervisor wrote in an email that the department’s annual budget allocation could not  absorb the “excessive cost of the additional personnel” of ASL qualified interpreters “for this one nurse.”  MMRTC determined the additional salary and overhead for the interpreters would be an “undue hardship,” making the accommodation unreasonable.  Therefore, MMRTC did not hire Adele.   Did MMRTC violate ADA?

DISCUSS:

1. Was MMRTC within its  legal rights to refuse the accommodation and thus not hire Adele on the basis of undue hardship?  In considering this case, you should review:

(a) what is considered a “reasonable” accommodation under ADA;

(b) sample accommodations listed by ADA (42 U.S.C. § 12111(9) (2018)) and the EEOC (www.eeoc.gov); and

(c)  the definition and standard for “undue hardship”  (42 U.S.C. § 12111(10)(a) (2018)); and

(d)  any case law – what do the courts consider undue hardship?

2.  Are there ethical considerations involved in this case beyond what is required by the “letter of the law” and if so what are they?

Please support your thoughts and conclusions with reasoned analysis and your research.

How could patient outcomes in Bone Marrow Transplant setting be improved by certified nurses?

1. Provide APA reference for one peer-reviewed scholarly professional nursing journal article connecting patient outcomes, clinical certification, and leadership skills. See reference criteria under directions and include Permalink.

(See Article)

2. Summary of article (one paragraph)

3. How could patient outcomes in Bone Marrow Transplant setting be improved by certified nurses?

4. How can clinical certification impact leadership skills in Bone Marrow Transplant setting?

What is the importance of system security within the organization where you currently work or at an organization within your field of study?

What is the importance of system security within the organization where you currently work or at an organization within your field of study? What are the legal and ethical implications the organization could face for failing to protect systems and information? Identify and explain three strategies the organization could implement to protect its systems and information against threats.

I need reference in the answers – APA citings –

Define opportunity cost using your own words.

1. Give an example from one of the choices you made among different alternatives this week. List the alternatives that you weren’t able to do because of your choice. What is your opportunity cost of making this choice? Define opportunity cost using your own words.

2. Generate an original production possibilities example demonstrating trade-offs and opportunity costs from your own lives. Does your opportunity cost increase as you switch from the task you are specialized into another task? Explain using your own example.

3.  Discuss if there is an opportunity cost for everything that we decide to do? If your answer is YES, does that mean opportunity cost determines our decision making? Do we always choose the option that has the lower opportunity cost?

Why is it important to update policies and procedures? What are the risks if they are outdated?

Discussion

Step 1: Read the following case study:

A nurse has an order to complete a procedure on a patient. After reading the procedure, the nurse notices that it is not best practice and it has not been updated for 6 years. The nurse takes this issue to the nurse leader (charge nurse) and the nurse manager (unit manager).

What would you do as a nurse leader if your policy or procedure conflicts with the most recent evidence? Describe your response to this nurse.

Why is it important to update policies and procedures? What are the risks if they are outdated?

What is your role as a nurse leader in assuring policies or procedures are up to date?

Your discussion post should look like:

· Paragraph one: What would you do as a  nurse leader (depending on your last name) if your policy or procedure conflicts with the most recent evidence? Describe your response to this nurse.

· Paragraph two: Why is it important to update policies and procedures? What are the risks if they are outdated?

· Paragraph three: What is your role as a  nurse leader (depending on your last name) in assuring policies or procedures are up to date?

· Resources: Where did you find your data?

How constant are they in their expressions of mood and attitude? 

Affectivity Professional Assignment 1 – CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3, CLO 4

In a two to four page written reflection, respond to the following questions:

· Think of a person you know who seems to have positive affectivity at your current or former workplace.

· Think of another who has more negative affectivity at your current or former workplace.

· How constant are they in their expressions of mood and attitude?

· Explain with examples.

Requirement:

· 2-4 pages

· At least 3 peer reviewed articles

Which particular management tasks and roles does this person perform most often?

minimum of 500 words:

The global business environment is constantly evolving based on the forces in the general and task environment. In order to sustain the company and maintain a competitive foothold, organization leaders must consistently analyze the global environment and adjust their strategy as needed. Managers play an important role in implementing strategies to achieve a company’s mission and goals.

Consider the four functions of management (e.g., planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). How would you characterize your current or past supervisor’s approach to management? Consider these questions in your response:

• Which particular management tasks and roles does this person perform most often?
• What kinds of management skills does the manager have?
• How does this approach affect a global environment?

Now that you’ve considered the approaches to management, you can focus on the strategy that is affected by the management team. Research a company with stockholder reports available. These reports can usually be found on a company’s website. Use the report to answer the following questions:

• What is (are) the main industry(ies) in which the company competes?
• What business-level strategy does the company seem to be pursuing in this industry? Why?
• What corporate-level strategies is the company pursuing? Why?
• Have there been any major changes in its strategy recently? Why?

Include citations in your response.

Identify the factors that make it such a serious risk to the global environment that you would choose to present it to the UN.

Critical Threats to the Global Environment

Overview

The United Nations has continued to retain you as a consultant for a project that deals with climate and the environment. Most developed countries see the dangers of releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and are committed to climate policies that attain a carbon-free future in the next 30 years. They already see the damaging effects that this gas alone is having on the living conditions of crops, wildlife, and humans. As a result, many member states are dissatisfied with the progress of the eight Millennium Development Goals for international development that they established in 2000. The member states see a substantial disconnect between several issues that developed and developing countries believe are priorities. For example, Burundi wants one of the goals to focus on food security, while Austria is adamant that a major global issue should be the negotiation of ceasefires in countries in the midst of civil wars. The UN wants you to work from the list below and prioritize two of the global community’s threats that it deems the most serious to environmental stability.

Instructions

Step 1

Select two threats. Listed below are eight issues that the UN feels pose the most significant threats to global security. Some of these apply to the Earth’s 7.7 billion people, while others are limited primarily to developing countries. Regardless of where these threats are concentrated, your job as a consultant is to identify  two of them that you consider the most critical to the globe’s population.

Issue Options

1. The use of fossil fuels as an energy source.

2. Globalization.

3. Insufficient educational opportunities in developing countries.

4. A lack of access to technology.

5. Civil war (NOT the U.S. Civil War).

6. The rise in oceans’ levels.

7. Covid-19 and the global pandemic.

8. The dangers of poor countries remaining poor.

Step 2

Write a minimum of an 8-page persuasive paper about your two threats.

Write an introduction paragraph of at least one-half page in length identifying the two threats you have selected and the purpose of the paper. Then, for the two threats you chose:

1. Identify the factors that make it such a serious risk to the global environment that you would choose to present it to the UN.

2. Analyze the role that humans have played in aggravating this threat to the Earth’s environment.

3. Suggest initiatives that the global community can take to mitigate the worst effects of this environmental threat.

4. Write a conclusion paragraph of at least one-half page in length that summarizes your impressions of these risks for global stability.

Compare and contrast the cloud computing service models defined by NIST.

Many organizations are moving to the cloud to protect their infrastructure, reduce infrastructure costs, and improve their backup capabilities. As a cybersecurity practitioner, you may very well be asked to assist in the selection and implementation of a cloud computing service model.

Locate and integrate at least two qualities, academics on the cloud computing service models defined by the  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) . You may also use government websites, such as  Cybersecurity  from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Please respond to the following in a post of at least 200 words:

· Compare and contrast the cloud computing service models defined by NIST.

· Integrate practical examples of organizations you have researched that are using the various platforms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each

Describe how each goal will help you achieve success in your courses, program, career, or personal life.

• Write your introduction to include the elements you developed in the outline.
• Summarize the final version of each SMART goal, addressing each letter of the SMART acronym as it relates to the goal, as well as your responses to the questions presented in the outline.
• Describe how each goal will help you achieve success in your courses, program, career, or personal life.
• Write your conclusion to include the elements you developed in the outline.