The goal of this paper is to evaluate objections to a philosophical theory.

The goal of this paper is to evaluate objections to a philosophical theory. This involves three basic tasks:
Set up the debate. Using textual evidence, describe the relevant claims made by the philosopher. Then explain the objection to those claims. You must discuss the specific examples provided in the paper topic below.
Provide the philosopher’s reply to the objection. This involves using textual evidence to infer how the philosopher would or should respond to the objection.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the philosopher’s reply. Give reasons for your own conclusion about whether the philosopher succeeds or fails in fending off the objection.
Note that your task is to evaluate a particular objection, not the philosopher’s theory as a whole. It is possible that you might disagree with the philosopher’s overall view, yet still conclude that the philosopher has an effective reply to the specific objection under consideration.
Give textual evidence for any quotations and whenever you attribute a specific view. Papers without textual evidence will receive no higher than a D. Since this is not a formal research paper, you may simply provide page numbers from the textbook in parentheses. For example: “According to Aristotle, moral virtue is a product of habit (p.509).” However, if you use sources other than the textbook (which is not recommended), full bibliographical information must be provided.

Choose one of the topics below:
According to Frankfurt, free will is the ability to have the will you want. More technically, “It is in securing the conformity of his will to his second order volitions…that a person exercises freedom of the will.” (p.497) Briefly explain Frankfurt’s definition, defining key terms such as “will” and “second order volition.” Against Frankfurt, it may be objected that one can have free will even if one acts against one’s own second order volition. For example, suppose Henry is a married man whose second order volition is to want his will to be to stay faithful to his wife. Nevertheless, much to his disappointment the next day, Henry gives in to temptation and has an affair with an attractive coworker while at a business convention. He hadn’t planned to do it, but after a couple of cocktails at the open bar he just wasn’t able to stop himself. According to the objector (and, in all likelihood, Henry’s wife), Henry got himself into this situation as a result of his own choices, and it’s no excuse now to say that he lacked free will by Frankfurt’s definition. Whatever his second order volition was, he cheated on purpose and is thus to blame. Using textual evidence, explain how Frankfurt would respond to this objection. In particular, explain how Frankfurt would use his distinction between freedom of action and freedom of will to respond to the objector’s counterexample. Is his response effective? Why or why not?
According to Susan Wolf, to have free will, one must not only act in keeping with one’s “deep self,” but also be “sane.” Briefly introduce her main reasons for this claim, including her definition of sanity and why she thinks sanity is required for free will. Using her definition, explain why she says on p.517 that slave-owners of the 1850s lack free will. Against Wolf, it may be objected that if the slave-owners of 1850 lack free will because we find their values mistaken, future generations will predictably conclude that we lack free will as well. For example, suppose that American society becomes fully vegan in the year 2200, and eating meat is believed to be as clearly and obviously wrong as slavery. People using Wolf’s definition in the year 2200 would thus conclude that meat-eaters today are insane and lack free will. But according to the objector, those of us who do eat meat clearly choose to do so of our own free will, so Wolf’s definition must be incorrect. After all, there are quite a few vegans today who actively make the case against eating meat, but the majority just isn’t convinced by their arguments. This is a moral disagreement, not a sign that meat-eaters are insane and lack free will. Using textual evidence, explain how Wolf would respond to this objection. In particular, evaluate her reasons for saying that we can be confident of our own sanity. Is her response effective? Why or why not?

For this assignment, you will investigate a social media public relations (PR) campaign by an organization.

For this assignment, you will investigate a social media public relations (PR) campaign by an organization. Some examples of platforms are LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Google+, Pinterest, and YouTube. The organizations can be national or local to your area. In this assignment, you will need to include the following components:

Provide information about the social media platform.
Provide information about the organization and its campaign.
Discuss the campaign based on the information discussed in the Unit V Lesson. (Is it effective? What, if anything, can the organization do to improve PR through social media?)

Max Weber theorized that “rationality” or “formal rationality”

Max Weber theorized that “rationality” or “formal rationality” increasingly dominates modern society. Explain Weber’s concept of rationality by identifying and explaining its characteristics. Be sure to address why rationality is a necessary and “good” thing for modern societies, and also explain the problems that often arise from it. To receive full credit, you must use examples from the movie Gattaca to help illustrate your response. Hint: Feel free to use the Ritzer Reading to aid in your explanation of rationality.
Answer any two of the following questions
Define and explain Weber’s concept of the Protestant Ethic and how it gave rise to the birth and sustainability of capitalism.

Clean Air Act or Clean Water Act

This week I am asking you to select either the Clean Air Act or the Clean Water Act, do some research and decide how effective the act has been.
Start off your post with a quick 101 on your chosen act and then do a web search on “Clean Air Act Effectiveness” or “Clean Water Act Effectiveness” and scan the listings. Are there different perspectives on effectiveness? What could be done differently to get more effective outcomes without jeopardizing rights and freedoms?

Let the sample A = {1, 2, 2, 0, 3, -5, 7, 3, 8, 7, 7, 8, 9}. Create a distribution graph. Discuss the measures of central tendency and skewness.

Let the sample A = {1, 2, 2, 0, 3, -5, 7, 3, 8, 7, 7, 8, 9}. Create a distribution graph. Discuss the measures of central tendency and skewness.
Donations were collected for the sports fund. Mr. Wilson was able to collect 7 donations in the amounts of: $106, $100, $450, $748, 100, $50, $200. Create a distribution graph. Discuss the measures of central tendency and skewness.
A graduate student in Psychology was asked to grade 40 final exams, selected at random from several large sections of an introductory course. The resulting scores are found below:
77 68 86  84 95 98 87 71 84 92 96 83 62 83 81 85 91 74 61 52 83 73 85 78 50 81 37 60 85 100 79 81 75 92 80 75 78 71 64 65
Find the measures of central tendency. Create a distribution graph. Discuss the data points on the x-axis and y-axis. Discuss the skewness.
An experiment was conducted to compare the mean number of panic attacks per week experienced by individuals that had been treated with immersion therapy at a clinic against the mean number in those that were treated with hypnotherapy. A sample of 60 of the clinic’s patients suffering from panic attacks was randomly selected, and patients were then randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Thirty were treated with hypnotherapy and the remaining patients were treated with immersion therapy. After a one-year period, the patients were asked how many panic attacks they had experienced in the past seven days. Is there a difference, on average, in the number of panic attacks experienced per week by the hypnotherapy treated patients and the immersion-therapy treated patients in this study? On the basis of our findings with the patients in this study, can we infer that, on average, the same difference between individuals treated with hypnotherapy and immersion-therapy exists in this patient population? Discuss the findings and present your data in a graph.
Immersion
Therapy
4 8 6 4 9 5 4 8 6 4 9 5 4 8 6 4 9 5 3 2 1  3 7 5 3 2 1 3 7 5

Hypnotherapy
3 2 1 3 7 5 3 2 1 3 7 5 3 2 1 3 7 5 4 8 6 4 9 5 4 8 6 4 9 5

What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side given a contemporary debate, such as those concerning animal rights, stem cell research, abortion, the death penalty, and so forth?

Introduction
Kant’s famous First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative reads, “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.” Kant taught morality as a matter of following maxims of living that reflect absolute laws. “Universal” is a term that allows for no exceptions, and what is universal applies always and everywhere. Don’t forget about the second formulation of the categorical imperative which states, “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means.” It is just as important.
Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address one of the following sets of questions:

What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side given a contemporary debate, such as those concerning animal rights, stem cell research, abortion, the death penalty, and so forth?
Elaborate in detail the ethical positions arrived at by using the Kantian categorical imperative relative to the long standing debate surrounding the death penalty or abortion. Argue the ethics from the point of view of the prisoner or from the fetus
Evaluate the ethical positions in part two. You will want to detail whether they are convincing, logical, correct, consistent, etc.

Discuss Nukariya’s concept of enlightenment.

Discuss Nukariya’s concept of enlightenment.
1. Describe the ‘sources’ of the self. Think of your own self.
2. Describe what qualities you share in common with your ancestors (parents, grandparents). what beliefs you acquired from your culture (through upbringing, schooling, religion, social media, etc.) and in what ways you are dependent on nature.
3. What does Nukariya mean when he says that enlightenment is the realization of our self dependence on these three sources? Why would such a realization, as dawned on one through self-reflection and meditation, lead to enlightenment?
4. What would such enlightenment consist of? What changes in our beliefs, emotions and behavior would it entail?

undertake critical analyses of the business’ current strategic plans and practices. Your strategic plan must be underpinned by relevant, authentic and referenced academic theories, concepts, models, Ryanair Corporate information and any other appropriate sources.

Case Study Organisation: Ryanair
Read the Case Study entitled “Ryanair: The Low Cost Airlines – ‘Always getting
better’?” (Johnson et al., 2016, p. 622-632)
This assignment requires you to study the Case Study (provided as a separate
document), research further and undertake critical analyses of the business’ current strategic plans and practices. Your strategic plan must be underpinned by relevant, authentic and referenced academic theories, concepts, models, Ryanair Corporate information and any other appropriate sources.
Reference:
Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Regner, P., Scholes, K. and Angwin, D., 2016.
Exploring Strategy: Text and Cases. 11th Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Produce a Report for Ryanair’s CEO that addresses the following questions based
on the case, your own research and relevant strategic management theories:
Page 4 of 9
[730]
1. a) Strategy development approaches are often described as either prescriptive
or emergent. Analyse approaches adopted at Ryanair, explain and justify what
you believe the balance of prescriptive and emergent strategy formulation
processes at the case study is.
Your answer should first provide an outline of the main principles underpinning
both prescriptive and emergent approaches and the major differences between
the approaches and their main limitations. You should then identify initiatives
adopted by Ryanair over the past few years to provide a convincing analysis of
the balance between the prescriptive and emergent approaches that you
consider to have been applied by Ryanair
(15 Marks)
(600 Words)
b) Michael O’Leary, Ryanair’s CEO, is portrayed in the case study as an enigma
and controversial figure. Evaluate the strategic leadership of Ryanair’s CEO.
Should he continue to serve as CEO?
(5 Marks)
(200 Words)
Total for Question One:
(20 marks)
(800 words)
(LO’s 2 & 3)
Page 5 of 9
[730]
2. a) With the aid of the SWOT analysis, identify the issues facing Ryanair and
evaluate its present situation. Explain why Ryanair has been successful thus far.
Evaluate the effectiveness of Ryanair’s responses to major changes in the
macro-environment
(20 Marks)
(800 words)
b) Using Porter’s Five Forces Model, critically assess the strength and
attractiveness of the European budget airline sector that Ryanair is currently
operating in. Your assessment should identify and justify what you believe to be
the most important influences arising from the competitive environment facing
Ryanair
(20 Marks)
(800 Words)
Total for Question Two:
(40 Marks)
(1600 words)
(LO’s 1 & 4)
Page 6 of 9
[730]
3. a) With the aid of results of the environment analyses in question 2 and any
appropriate framework of your choice, critically analyse Ryanair’s competitive
strategies and the extent to which Ryanair’s new ‘Always Getting Better (AGB)’
strategy is sustainable over time
(20 Marks
(800 Words)
b) Using the Ansoff Matrix, assess the growth strategies adopted by Ryanair in
Europe. In light of the proposal to introduce long haul flights, what changes
would you recommend to Ryanair’s approach in the future

Controlling Costs and Expenses • Identify sources of potential cost overruns • Identify potential methods of growth for the venture

Objectives
• Identify sources of potential cost overruns
• Identify potential methods of growth for the venture
Description
Every new venture encounters unforeseen events, obstacles, and costs that must be overcome. As the business begins to establish itself, it is tempting to increase spending at a rate faster than the business plan has foreseen. It is critical that the entrepreneur have a process in place to control ballooning costs.
Instructions
1. Read: Start Up Donut. (n.d.). Controlling costs – Checklist. http://www.startupdonut.co.uk/financing-a-business/cash-flow/controlling-costs-checklist
2. Prepare a checklist of your own business methods for controlling costs, followed by a description of the methods you will use.

Evaluation
Controlling Costs and Expenses
a. Identify and describe opportunities and strategies for growth.
b. List the challenges associated with each opportunity for growth.
c. Describe the sources of potential cost overruns in your current plan and as the organization grows
d. Create strategies for controlling each potential cost overrun.
e. Demonstrate good organization, including a strong introduction and conclusion