Econ 306 – homework 4 assignment

The following two problems will require a lot of calculations in. It will generate many pages of output.Here is how your should organize it. The first pages should contain your answers to all the questions,along with showing any key algebraic equations or explanations you need to use along the way. After that, include a printout of the output from the regressions you executed in support of your answers.Highlight any numbers in this output that you used in the first section. (You are encouraged to save paper here, you may print this section with a small font, double-sided and/or with 2-up format.) Last, include a copy of the DO file that contains the commands you asked STATA to execute. Be sure you organize these in a way that will be clear to the reader.
1) (50 points total) In this exercise we will examine whether a teacher?s physical attractiveness has any impact on student course evaluations. The dataset to use is called teachingratings, and a description of the variables is available as well. You can access these through the course website. Use an à=.05 for hypothesis testing.We?ll first examine whether our control variables seem to have any predictive power for ratings.
a.) (10 points) We?ll start with some basic dummy variable regressions to test for differences between groups:1) Regress course_eval on minority. Report the coefficients and p-values. Do minority instructors have significantly different course evaluations compared to nonminorities?
2) Regress course_eval on female. Report the coefficients and p-values. Do females have significantly different course evaluations from males?3) Run a final regression to test whether the effect of being a minority changes depending on whether the person is female. Report the coefficients and p-values. Can you reject the hypothesis of no effect?b.) (10 points) Now regress course_eval on beauty, age, age^2 [you?ll need to create this], nnenglish, female, minority, onecredit. Are any variables not statistically significant? Which?
This is Model 1.Use Model 1 to answer the following:1) Calculate an F-test for the hypothesis that age and age^2 jointly have no effect on course_eval. You can execute this test however you prefer.2) Calculate an F-test that female and minority have an equal impact on course_eval. You can execute this test however you prefer.c.) (15 points) Modify Model 1 so that you can determine whether beauty has a different effect for women than for men. This is Model 2. Report the coefficient and p-value for the interaction variable. Can you reject the hypothesis of no effect of the interaction?
Use Model 2 to answer the following:1) Professor Smith is a man. He isn?t very handsome. He undergoes plastic surgery, which raises his beauty from one standard deviation below the mean to one standard deviation above. What is the predicted change in his course evaluations?[Note: you will have to figure out how to calculate a standard deviation in STATA. It isn?t hard. Also, note that the average beauty level in the data has been scaled to equal zero.]2) Repeat part 1) for Professor Jones, who is a woman.d.) (15 points) Go back to Model 1. Add two variables to Model 1 that will allow you to determine whether age has a different effect for women than for men on course evaluations. [Note: since age appears twice in Model 1, you will need to create the interaction for both age and age^2.] This is Model 3. Report the coefficients and p-values for the interaction terms. Can you reject the hypothesis of no effect of the interactions?
Use Model 3 results to answer the following:1) Professor Thomas, a man, begins his teaching career at age 32. Assuming his beauty measure (and all other variables) is unchanged over his career, what is the predicted change in his course_eval score when he retires at age 65?2) Repeat 1) for Professor Gomez, who is a woman.
2.) (50 points total) Estimating Cost and Production Functionsa) (no points) Download and input the data.
I have recently downloaded the NBER-CES manufacturing industry database and posted it to ANGEL. I have opted to do this in Excel format. Before you put it into STATA, you should delete all of the data except the stuff you need. What do you need? The rows you need are the ones corresponding to the industry SIC code that has been randomly assigned to you. There is a spreadsheet titled (random SIC codes) which will have your industry. [If curious, you can use Google to determine precisely which industry your SIC code is for. (2011, for example, is Meat Packing Plants.)]Additionally, the five variable columns needed for this assignment are
vadd= value added (i.e. output)pay= total payrollinvest=total capital expenditureenergy=total energy expenditureyear= year of observation
To enter the data into STATA: Copy the data from Excel, including the variable names. In STATA, click on Window-> Data editor. Go to the upper left-hand cell, right click and paste.
Tell STATA to use the first line as variable names.b) (25 points total) Estimate the cost functionsThe total cost function models the total cost of production as a function of output. We need first a measure of total cost, which we will take as the sum of labor, capital and and energy costs. This isn?t perfect but, we will measure this as the sum of the three input costs that we have:
gen tc=pay+invest+energyWe will model total cost as a cubic function of output. Thus we must generate the squared and cubed elements of the polynomial:gen vadd_2=vadd^2gen vadd_3=vadd^3and then estimate the cost function:reg tc vadd vadd_2 vadd_3, noc
Note the use of the noc (no constant) option. This forces the intercept term to equal zero.1) (5 points) What is the economic interpretation of suppressing the constant term (forcing it equal zero)? Why does that make sense to do here?2) (5 points) Write out the cost function as (Use the numbers from the regression you just ran.)3) (5 points) Now use your regression of TC to create predicted values of the average cost function and the marginal cost function.Here?s how you do this in STATA. For average cost this is straightforward.predict tcpred (This predicts the total cost for each level of vadd)gen ac=tcpred/vaddFor marginal cost you need to issue the commandgen mc=a+2*b*vadd+3*c*vadd^2(Where a, b, and c are beta values you have taken from your TC function of part 2.)[Note: Why is this the marginal cost? Calculus. We have taken the derivative of tc withrespect to vadd, and the above formula is the result.]Report these equations.Now we are going to graph the marginal and average cost functions.sort vadd scatter ac mc vadd, connect(l l)The sort command lines the data up in the right order so that the graphs look nice. The scatter command will put ac and mc on the vertical axis and output (vadd) on the horizontal, just like in the textbooks, and the connect option will connect the dots (the l l stands for connecting with unbroken lines.)4) (10 points) Print out this graph. Does it look like the textbook depiction of average and marginal cost? Why or why not? That is, did your slope coefficients you estimated above conform to expectations?
c) (25 points total) Estimate the production functionIn this section you will estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function, where the log of output isa function of the log of inputs (and time).Generate log versions of the output variable and the three inputs. For example:gen lvadd=log(vadd) and do the same for pay, invest and material.Run a regression of lvadd on the three log input variables, and year. Test the hypotheses that:(5 points each)
1) the individual coefficient on each of the inputs =0. Rejection implies that the input is productive.2) the individual coefficient on each of the inputs =1. Rejection in the direction <1 implies diminishing marginal productivity of the input.3) the sum of the input coefficients=1. You may either do this with a by-hand F-test or use STATA?s test command (which is itself an F-test), and it?s even possible to do this with a t-test, if you really want to try. Rejection implies either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.4) the coefficient of year =0. (Rejection (in the positive direction) implies technical progress is being made).5) Broadly do you think this production function conforms to the ideas of economic theory?

Boston College Sports and Fitness Essay

Title: Sports in film, television, and history: introductionAuthor(s): Ron BrileySource: Film & History. 35.2 (July 2005): p17. From Literature Resource Center.Document Type: ArticleCopyright : COPYRIGHT 2005 Center for the Study of Film and History Full Text: This second and final issue of Film & History dealing with sport and film demonstrates the outstanding quality of scholarship in the field. Our first issue focused primarily upon American sport, while the essays contained in this volume place sport within a more international and often critical context. Traditionalists often perceive the athletic playing field as a meritocracy in which issues of race, gender, and class play no role. Films such as Miracle (2004), focusing upon the upset victory of the American hockey team over the Soviets in the 1980 Olympic Games, and Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man (2005), chronicling the rags to riches story of heavyweight fighter James Braddock during the 1930s, perpetuate the idea that athletics provide a model for social mobility in which hard work will prevail in the best tradition of Benjamin Franklin and Horatio Alger.The authors in this volume, however, question this assumption; arguing that nationalism, race, class, and gender are major components of sport and its reflection through cinema. Athletes are often burned out at a young age and fail to acquire the educational skills necessary to succeed in life. Sport as an avenue for social mobility often proves illusive. And notions of fair play in the increasingly big money world of sport are given pause by the emergence of performance-enhancing drugs. Yet, we are still drawn to the struggle of sport in which underdogs do achieve the impossible victory and give us all encouragement that equality and justice may reign on and off the fields of play.The Olympic Games provide a venue for political statement as well as athletic excellence. The 1936 Berlin Games were employed by Nazi Germany to assert Aryan superiority, but this notion was shattered by the efforts of Jesse Owens. The Mexico City Olympics of 1968 witnessed the brutal suppression of student dissent by the Mexican government, as well as the symbolic Black power protest of sprinters Tommy Smith and John Carlos. While political boycotts dealing with the Cold War and racial apartheid were significant factors in the post World War II Olympics, perhaps the most infamous example of politics intruding into the games is the 1972 terrorist attack which resulted in the slaying of Israeli athletes.David Diffrient offers an insightful essay on the official documentary of the 1972 games Visions of Eight (1973), which consciously decided not to focus upon the violence of the winter games in Munich. Visions of Eight, produced by David L. Wolper and Stan Margulies, consists of eight different films directed by such outstanding international filmmakers as Arthur Penn, Milos Foreman, and John Schlesinger. Diffrient argues that these films, by concentrating upon the tension between cooperation and competition, best exemplify the Olympic spirit and experience.Issues of class and sport are developed by Glen Jones and John Hughson, who discuss sport in British narrative films. Jones provides an excellent overview of how sport is an important part of British cinema; although often overshadowed by film criticism examining British crime and comedy genres. The second part of Jones’s essay discusses The Girl with Brains in Her Feet (1997) as an example of how the issues of race and class may intersect in British society, athletics, and cinema. Hughson addresses issues of social class in his examination of director Tony Richardson’s The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962). Hughson places this well-known sporting film within the context of the “angry young man” genre developed by the work of John Osborne.Issues of class, however, are hardly limited to British cinema. Class and its intersection with race is a subject of numerous acclaimed American films dealing with boxing. The boxing genre in the United States is noted for such fine films as Golden Boy (1939), Body and Soul (1947), Champion (1949), Raging Bull (1980), and Hurricane (2001), but perhaps the most beloved Hollywood fight film is Rocky (1976). Rocky and its sequels are extolled by many filmgoers and critics as the embodiment of the American dream of success through hard work and determination. Such a simplistic reading of the film is challenged by the essays of Victoria Elmwood and Clay Motley.In her reading of Rocky, Elmwood interprets the film as reflecting male insecurity during the troubled economic and political times of the 1970s. Reacting to the growth of feminism and the blurring of traditional gender boundaries, Elmwood argues that Rocky enlists the support of Black men into the consensus in order to roll back the gains of feminism. Motley also perceives the film as reflecting male insecurities during the 1970s; maintaining that the 1970s were comparable to the crisis of American manhood during the 1890s. Traditional males, such as Theodore Roosevelt, were threatened by modernism and questioned their masculinity, seeking “manly” experience in conflict such as the Spanish-American War of 1898. Motley asserts that a similar identity crisis was present during the 1970s as the economy tumbled and Americans suffered from the aftermath of the Vietnam War and Watergate scandal.The problem with sport as a means of social mobility for minorities in American society is examined in Katherine Cipriano’s essay dealing with the documentary Hoop Dreams (1994). The film focuses upon the span of five years in the lives of William Gates and Arthur Agee, two young African-American men from the projects in Chicago. Gates and Agee are convinced that basketball will allow them to attain the American dream, but the ramifications of this illusion are well investigated in the film and Cipriano’s essay.Sometimes athletes appear to be a class unto themselves, achieving seemingly superhuman accomplishments, creating superstars on track, court, or golf course. Michael Schoenecke explores the relationship between celebrated athletes and the movies, focusing on one sportsman who preferred not to “go Hollywood.” Golfer Bobby Jones chose to participate in instructional films rather than fictional features. But, as Schoenecke reveals, humorous scenes were inserted to meet audience narrative expectations, reflecting cultural assumptions about both sports figures and sport films.Because it reflects so well the issues of contemporary society, sport films deserve a great place in the curriculum. Latham Hunter teaches cultural studies at Ontario Community College. Many of her predominantly male students are only taking a cultural studies course because it is a requirement; however, Hunter discovered that teaching an accessible film such as The Natural (1984) allowed her to critically engage students in a dialogue regarding ideas of gender, heroism, and nation. Her experience suggests the possibilities of the sport film as a pedagogical tool.In conclusion, these essays demonstrate the broad range of scholarship addressing issues of race, gender, and class called to our attention by the sport film genre. It has been a pleasure to work with these authors, but I regret that issues of time and space made it impossible to include all of the fine essays on sport and film which we received. It is my hope that a scholarly volume on sport and film will emerge from these two issues of Film & History. I would like to thank Peter Rollins for the opportunity to edit these volumes on sport and film. It is his vision which maintains the state of excellence associated with Film & History. And last, but by no means least, these editions on sport and film would not have made it to publication without the invaluable editorial assistance of Deb Carmichael. Thank you Deb!Ron Briley is assistant headmaster and a history teacher at Sandia Preparatory School in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he has taught for the last 27 years. Ron is also adjunct professor of history at the University of New Mexico-Valencia Campus. His work on sport and film has appeared in such journals as The History Teacher, Film & History, Social Education, Journal of Sport History, Literature/Film Quarterly, OAH Magazine of History, AHA Perspectives, Nine, Popular Culture Review, and numerous anthologies. Ron is also the author of Class at Bat, Gender on Deck, and Race in the Hole: A Line Up of Essays on Twentieth- Century Culture and America’s Game (McFarland, 2003).Ron BrileySandia Preparatory SchoolBriley, RonSource Citation(MLA 7th Edition)Briley, Ron. “Sports in film, television, and history: introduction.” Film & History 35.2 (2005): 17. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.Document URL

4 replies 150 words each reply

1) The New Bibliophobes, written by Mark Bauerlein, explains how the new generation of young people is opposed to reading books. Mark considers their aversion to reading books as the definition of being bibliophiles. In addition, Mark credits the decline of reading books for fun on new technology, which takes the more recent generation’s time away from books. Mark argues “It isn’t hard to identify one of the reasons for the slide. With the advent of the Digital Age, teens have more diversions at hand than they did before” (Bauerlein 88). He states that teens have so many choices of where to spend their time that they would rather do those things than reading books. Additionally, Mark addresses how technology is not making the new generation any smarter. He quotes from an article that says the newer generation thinks it is trendy to be intelligent. The Chronicle of Higher Education suggests, “Millennials think it’s cool to be smart [however] they rarely read newspapers?or, for that matter, books” (qtd. in Bauerlein 85). Mark believes that the younger generation is not getting smarter by not reading books. He explains how the younger generation is opposed to reading books in The New Bibliophobes.
Mark Bauerlein’s opinion is that being a bibliophobe is not good. I’m afraid I have to disagree with Mark’s opinion regarding this matter. In my opinion, reading books does not equate to knowledge. Some people do not process information well from reading. Therefore, these people can read multiple books, which does not guarantee they will learn from reading those books. Some people are auditory and hands-on learners. They would not be able to be taught by reading a book. Mark claims in The New Bibliophobes, “Kids read and write more words than ever before, but reading scores for high school seniors have been flat since the 1970s and down since the early 1990s” (Bauerlein 91). If Mark believes that reading books makes people more literate, why did the scores for high school seniors remain flat for so many years? If reading is a good tool for teaching, why have there been no improvements? Mark blames new technology for this; however, new technology was not commonly used until the 20th century. Consequently, there should not have been a decline in reading scores for seniors since the early 1990s. This reason is why I do not agree with Mark’s opinion that being a bibliophobe is a negative thing.ÿ
Mark Bauerlein asserts in The New Bibliophobes, ?It?s a new attitude, this brazen disregard of books and reading? (Bauerlein 85); therefore, I do not consider myself a bibliophobe. I enjoy reading books for pleasure. I enjoy reading books to gain a different perspective on different issues. For example, I enjoy reading people?s autobiographical stories to discover their points of view. I have learned to enjoy reading books electronically. Furthermore, if I do not want to have a physical copy of a book, I will download the book to read anytime from my phone or tablet. Because I like to read books in both physical and electronic form for fun, I do not consider myself a bibliophobe.
2) The New Bibliphobes was an article written by Mark Bauerlein, an English professor at Emory University, revealing that more and more younger generations reject doing readings. Bibliphobes are defined as people who hate reading books. “There are several studies and articles he has listed to support his idea. He started the article with the interview record he did for a radio station with a young adult. Their conversation indicates the lack of reading experience that high schoolers have. Bauerlein was surprised at how the caller felt “no shame for her anti-literary taste, and no cognizance of its poverty.” (Baulerlein, 2) In terms of ethos, Bauerlein used a quote from the Chronicle of Higher Education, “While the article observed that Millennials “think it’s cool to be smart,” it also noted, “They rarely read newspapers?or, for that matter, books .” (Bauerlein, 2) He utilized ethos to support his idea of the lack of leisure reading by younger generations. In terms of logos, he listed the following data, “Notwithstanding the low bar, only 43 percent of eighteen- to twenty-four-year-olds read any work of poetry, fiction, or drama in the pre- ceding year. Even more worrisome, the tally marked a 17 percent drop from 1982’s figure. For book reading of any kind, while 59 percent of eighteen- to twenty-four-year-olds read at least one in 1992, only 51 percent did so in 2002.” (Bauerlein, 3) Besides, he has also talked about the counter-argument to this topic, which he understands the advantages of moving into the digital age. “Leisure time is a finite number, making leisure behavior a zero-sum game. The laptop, iPhone, video game, and Photoshop pull eyes and ears away from other diversions.”(Baulerlein, 5). He believes that electronic devices are more attractive to teenagers, but they will cause a long-term disadvantage. “today’s digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy, which extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into an evolving community of expression and problem-solving that is changing not only their world but ours, as well .” (Bauerlein, 6) E-literacy started growing among the younger generations. Because it’s easier and more convenient, it takes less time for people actually to think, the computer does everything for them. The rise of E-literacy is not only because teenagers want to take shortcuts and be lazy, but also because “The twenty-first-century economy requires rapid communications, faster transfers of info, the reasoning goes, and ambitious teens don’t have time to deliberate over a volume of Robert Frost or learn five new words a day.” (Bauerlein, 7) In conclusion, this article discusses the phenomenon that younger generations are less likely to read physical books.ÿ
ÿÿÿÿI agree with what Mark Baulerlein said about teenagers nowadays having a lack of reading experience and relying more on their electronic devices, which is a negative designation. ?A 2008 report from Strong American Schools found that 43 percent of two-year college students and 29 percent of four-year college students end up in a remedial class in reading, writing, or math. According to the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, one-third of students who enter college straight out of high school drop out after one year. And a 2004 study from the National Commission on Writing surveyed businesses and determined that corporate America spends $3 .1 billion dollars a year on in-house tutoring in writing.? (Bauerlein, 8) The data above reinforces the importance of literacy skills; therefore, being a bibliophile is a negative designation.ÿ
ÿÿÿI won?t say that I am 100% bibliophile, I would rather say that I am one of those who suffers from e-literacy. ?What smart person would devote hours to learning words that can be accessed at the click of a button? Spell-check can spell . Shift+F7 produces synonyms.? ÿ(Baulerlein, 6) Nowadays, the computer does all the things for us. It is very convenient and easily accessible. People tend to read more on their phones, computers, or kindle because those are easier to carry. Also, because we are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic and all the classes and assignments are online, we read and write using our computers, giving us fewer opportunities to read a physical book.ÿ
3) In summarization to Professors Mark Bauerlein?s article, ?The New Bibliophobes? focuses on teachers who express that it is very difficult to get their students to read books in this generation. Mark Bauerlien goes on to interview many people on why they experience Bibiophobes. The definition of Bibliophobes stated on merriam-webster defines it as a strong dislike of books. The main idea of this article expresses the decrease of students readings? in the most recent years for various reasons. The tone of Baurerleins is very informative and shows the great amount of research put into bibliophobes. This is not specifically a bad thing as Bauerlein lists many pros and cons to the problem stated in the beginning. ?Because of all the boring stuff the teachers assign.? Students do not seem to have an interest in reading due to the boring assignments their teachers have planned for them. To broaden his search, he goes through the interview process, surveys, and polls in order to show the decrease of reading which causes bibliophobes.ÿ
?E-literacy derives not from bibliophobia, then, but from the miraculous and evolving advent of digital tech- nology, the Information Age, and the Electronic Word . The more young adults master the practices of digital life, the better they suc- ceed . With the American Freshman Survey reporting in 2005 that 71 percent of students attend college ?to be able to make more money? (up from 44 .6 percent in 1971), e-literacy makes a lot more sense than book learning ?. Mark Baurerlein makes a clear case on his opinion on bibliophobes and how it is affecting the future as we know it. At the end, he states that there is a new source to reading that doesn’t require opening a book. As this is stated, he brings many positives to this issue.
Personally, I do not enjoy reading. Growing up I always thought of reading being boring. Looking back now, I wish I could have read more to increase my intelligents on many different things. E-literary has benefited my life due to finding everything online. Today, if you look something up, it will be there. The internet is a very resourceful place due to it having nearly everything you’re looking for on it. I believe I suffer from Bibliophiles due to lack of literacy.
4) “The New Bibliophobes” is about new generations not getting used to old fashioned reading. With recent studies shows that in “2005 American Freshman Survey, a survey of first year college students about their last year in high school, 24.8 respondents tallied zero hours ?reading for pleasure? in an average week, while 26 .1 percent put in less than one hour and 23.8 percent reported one to two hours . In 1994, only 19.6 percent read for zero hours” (Bauerlein). The author is not convinced that bibliophobes are a positive thing because there is not enough evidence.
ÿÿÿMark Bauerlein states that being a bibliophobe is a positive thing but there is not enough evidence that proves that it works. “E-literacy derives not from bibliophobia, then, but from the miraculous and evolving advent of digital technology, the Information Age, and the Electronic Word . The more young adults master the practices of digital life, the better they succeed . With the American Freshman Survey reporting in 2005 that 71 percent of students attend college ?to be able to make more money? (up from 44 .6 percent in 1971), e-literacy makes a lot more sense than book learning.”(Bauerlein) People that have dexterous in E-literacy become more successful. I agree with mark because technology is becoming an every day thing and books are becoming something in the past now. There are library apps now that basically replace the library building.
Yes, I am a bibliophobe because I rarely touch physical books, I would rather read about the latest graphics cards or SpaceX rocket launch. “Young people shirk books, maybe so, but not because they?re lazy and stupid . The twenty-first-century economy requires rapid communications, faster transfers of info, the reasoning goes, and ambitious teens don?t have time to deliberate over a volume of Robert Frost or learn five new words a day.”(Bauerlein). The technology is advancing very fast and people just don’t have the time to read books.

English_compostion_class_unit_vi_vii_and_viii.docx | English homework help

ÿViolent Video Games
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Unit VIII
Abstract
The impact of the violent video games on children, specifically its involvement in encouraging violence, has been on debate from quite some time. The two sides have been going on and on in a never ending battle trying to disprove the other. The proponents of this argument argue that the games foster violence since they reduce the child?s empathy, makes them accustomed to violence and rewards them for the violent acts in the games. The children also sometimes learn from the games and repeat it in real life. This encourages the violent tendencies in the children. The proponents argue that the games could not possibly foster violence as the children foster friendships and vent out their frustrations into this game, preventing violent outbursts. They also believe that few studies have been done to show the relation between the games and violence in children, making the claim unreliable. There can be no answer to this controversial issue. Just like a moral dilemma, the answer lies with the beliefs of the individual.
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Violent Video Games
Literature Review
ÿÿ Violent video games have been a source of controversy in the public since the 1980s. Violent video games are interactive software that require the user to complete various tasks such as shooting or hacking people with an axe. They are packed with much violence, blood and gore. They create an illusion of reality making them more entertaining.
ÿÿ There have been many debates of whether these games promote violence among the children. Some people believe that the violent video games increase the aggression in children. This is to the high exposure of violence that the children undergo. The children continually engage in virtual acts of violence that ultimately lead to increased aggression. In Anderson, Gentile and Buckley, 2008, the relation between violent video games and increased aggression in children is clearly illustrated. The book shows how much exposure to the violence increases the likelihood of the children being more aggressive in real life.
ÿÿ In Gunter?s book, the effects of video games in children are clearly illustrated. The games stimulate their imagination and some of the children copy what they see in real life. Studies have shown that those people who play these games have a better aim than those who do not play. The games militarize them and make them more likely to engage in criminal behavior. Many crimes such as the shooting spree in Florida and the shooting in Tennessee. These are all connected to the violent video games. The perpetrators confirmed to have been playing the video games prior to committing these acts.
ÿÿ Balter and McCall reiterate that argument. The book shows the psychological effects of the videogames on children. It shows how the constant exposure to the violence lowers their empathy and makes them more receptacle to violence. The video games are influential than other media such as the violent movies. This is because the player is actively involved in the game. In the movies, the child passively watches and the killers and criminals are always apprehended in the game. In the video games, however, the child is awarded more points for engaging in violence. This may make them believe that violence is acceptable.
ÿÿ The critics of the notion that the violent video games cause violence among the children believe that it is indeed quite the opposite. The children benefit from the violent video games. The psychologists believe that playing these games gives the children a chance to vent their stress out on the games so that they do not do it on another person. This reduces the aggression in children. Aggression is not an acquired trait, but is a result of built up negative emotions such as anger. The children who are aggressive are poor at expressing these expressions, leading to anger outbursts and aggressive behavior. Playing the games help them express themselves (Gentile, 2003).
ÿÿ The critics also argue that little work has been done to prove that the video games increase aggression in children. There remains to be little scientific evidence in the public to back these claims. The claims are mostly politically based and are made from hearsay and people?s beliefs. The critics argue that there should be more studies to prove that the games really have any influence on the aggression of children. The book by Kutner and Olson seeks to demystify these beliefs by placing the pros and cons of the violent video games on the children. It shows the studies done, the results and the actual effects that these games have on the children.
ÿÿ With neither side wanting to come to a conclusion about the effects of the game, the debate ranges on. Studies are done while others disqualify their results. Maybe, just like an ethical dilemma, there will never be a right answer. One will have to rely on their beliefs to pick a side.
Essay
ÿÿ Violent video games have been the bone of contention for many years now, with each side trying to disprove the other. The debate has majorly been on one subject, do the games promote violence among the children. The violent video games have been a craze in the country. Many children are hooked to the video game consuls and their laptops as they play games individually, with their friends or other players over the internet. Many children today leave school and go to their video games, laptops and other gadgets, instead of playing outside with their peers and gaining proper social skills. It is understandable why the parents would feel concerned about their children. Spending so much time on one thing at such an impressionable age may lead one to pick up habits from the games. The debate is, do the games encourage violence among the children?
ÿÿ The proponents state that violent video games promote violence in children. First of all, it reduces the level of empathy. Empathy is the ability of one to put themselves in the other?s shoes and understand what they are going through. Empathy fosters positive attitudes such as kindness, gentleness and pity. The children exposed to the violent video games engage in cruel and inhumane virtual act such as shooting and killing. This reduces their levels of empathy. They will be more likely to engage in aggressive and violent acts as they do not understand the pain the other party may be going through (Balter & McCall, 2000).
ÿÿ The video games also make the children indifferent to violence and aggression. Children are averse to violence and tend to avoid it at all costs. The continued exposure to these video games changes this. The children constantly engage in virtual violent acts, such that they get used to them. They no longer see them as a big deal and be more receptive to aggressive and violent behavior, which they will not see as an evil deed. This desensitization, especially at a young age where the children are forming their personality will make the child develop aggressive tendencies, increasing their potential to engage in violence (Anderson, Gentile & Buckley, 2007).
ÿÿ The games reward violent behavior. The player is given higher points and bonus prizes for the more acts of violence they commit. The players are encouraged to use violence to solve the various tasks in these games. This may make them believe that violence is acceptable and can be used to solve problems. It will make them rely on aggression to solve their real life issues such as quarrels and conflicts (Gunter, 1998). The video games are not the only violent media that the children are exposed to, however, it is the most influential. The children engage actively in this game, virtually shooting and killing people. The other media, however, involves passive engagement where the children watch and read about it. One learns better if actively involved in the concept. The child, especially a young child, is likely to adopt the aggressive behavior to the frequent exposure to the games.
ÿÿ The critics of this stand believe that the violent video games are not to blame for the aggression in children. They state that there are far more influential factors to cause a child to be violent such as being raised in a home where the parents behave aggressively to each other. Violence and aggression stems from the accumulation of hurt feelings. The video games allow the player to shoot and kill virtual players. This allows the player to vent out their frustrations into the game. They purge those negative emotions into the game preventing them from expressing them via aggression to others. It serves as a therapeutic treatment and is just as effective as taking a walk and seeming into a pillow. Many psychologists support this notion and believe that it is the best therapy for children (Gentile, 2003).
ÿÿ The games also foster social contact among the children. In this technological age, the children are unable to communicate adequately or socialize without the presence of an electronic device. As the children play these games together, they develop friendships with each other and keep themselves entertained. There is a lower likelihood for the children to develop aggressive behavior in such a context.
ÿÿ The relation between the games and the behavioral change in children is very minimal. Most of the American youth, boys and girls alike play these video games. The number of violence cases that are related to playing these games are also very few. A survey of the inmates in jail showed that less than 10% of the inmates engaged in the violent and criminal behavior to the influence of the video games. An even lower portion of these inmates had actively played video games before being put in jail. They site other factors such as being under the influence and economic challenges. Assuming that just because a small fraction of people engage in violence to video games reflects the influence everyone is undergoing is ridiculous (Kutner & Olson, 2008).
ÿÿ The studies done to prove that there is a connection between the violent video games and violent behavior are few and unreliable. There has been a mass of research on the effects of violent television programs and behavior at home, but very little to prove that the violence in children is related to the games. The studies done by these proponents constantly contradict each other and leave no clear solution. The belief is based on politics and cultural beliefs and it on hardcore scientific research.
ÿÿ Both sides have strong argumentative premises. The proponent?s side believes that these games have a psychological influence on the children. The opponent?s side believe that the games are actually beneficial to the children. The violent video games have been there for quite a long time and have been subject to much scrutiny. The decision to side with either side lies on the individual opinion. Children are different and each can be influenced to a certain degree by different factors. The degree of influenced to your child should determine your stand.
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References
Anderson, C., Gentile, D. & Buckley, K, (2007).ÿViolent video game effects on children and adolescents: theory, research, and public policy.Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.
Balter, L. & McCall, R. (2000).ÿParenthood in America: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
Gentile, D. (2003).ÿMedia violence and children: a complete guide for parents and professionals.ÿWestport, CT: Praeger.
Gunter, B. (1998).ÿThe effects of video games on children: the myth unmasked.ÿSheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press.
Kutner, L. & Olson, C. (2008).ÿGrand theft childhood: the surprising truth about violent video games and what parents can do. New York: Simon & Schuster.
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Who can give me a+ psychology homework

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Assignment 1a
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There is much controversy that surrounds the etiology of addictions. Some theories suggest that addiction is related solely to genetic factors, while others identify environmental factors as the primary influences on addictive behavior. Most contemporary theories support the idea that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to substance addiction. However, there is still much debate about this in the field.
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Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research chemical substance addiction.
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Select a category of chemical substances with addiction potential (for example, alcohol, stimulants, or opiates). In this assignment, you will examine this selected substance in detail.
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How might a person become addicted to that category of chemical substance? Describe the process.
What are the various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of substance addiction as related to that category?

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Support your responses using your readings and authoritative resources. Incorporate theory and factual information in your response such as examples of research findings related to addiction.
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Write your initial response in 2?3 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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This is tomorrow 11/15/14
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Assignment 1b
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When conducting an evaluation, it is also important to consider the client?s demography as a possible contributing factor.
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Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research methods of recording case histories.
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Create a case history for a person with an addiction that clearly traces contributing factors. Do not include identifying information. At this point, do not include details of any mental illness that would constitute a dual diagnosis. Be sure to cover the following components in your case history:
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Demographics ? including age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, marital status, number and ages of children, living arrangements, and religion if applicable
Family background
Education
Employment
History of chemical use
Description of the current problem (include history of previous treatment, if any)

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After completing the case history, consider ethical standards in relation to this client. What potential ethical issues exist or may come into play with this client? Be sure to include at least one ethical issue. Explore multiculturalism, duty to report/warn, and confidentiality. For example, if the client has children, explain how duty to report may come into play when working with this client.
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Write a 3?4-page report in Word format. Not including Title and Reference pages. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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This is Monday 11/17/14
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Assignment 2a
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CASE STUDY
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Jennifer has a long history of substance abuse dating back to her early adolescent years. After several bouts with co-occurring depression at the age of twenty-four. Jennifer decided to enter treatment for her substance abuse. While in treatment, she worked on her urges, the thought processes surrounding her use, and specific behavioral techniques to change her use-related patterns. At thirty- six she achieved sobriety through the twelve model of recovery. Her efforts had paid off. However, the damage she caused during the height of her use began to gradually present itself. She had to face people she had hurt in relationships, pay debts she had accumulated, and serve sentences for crimes she had committed during that period of time.
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By the age of thirty- eight, she had worked through many of these experiences and was starting a new career. She admittedly embellished her resume to get the job, and lied about previous experience. She justified this with her belief that ?everyone pumps up their resume? to find work. She did not consider the potential consequences for this decision. As time passed, Jennifer settled into her position and was maintaining her sobriety as she planned to do after leaving treatment. She soon felt ready for a relationship. It is well known that the twelve- step model of recovery recommends having a year of sobriety before entering a relationship. Jennifer had easily accomplished this particular task, so she felt prepared by the twelve-step model`s standard. She developed a fulfilling relationship with a man who had recently been divorced to his wife`s substance abuse issues. Jennifer never disclosed her issues because she did not want to jeopardize the relationship. She found no harm in this decision because, after all, she was not like his previous wife because she had achieved sobriety.
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A few months into the relationship, Jennifer and her boyfriend went to a work party where there was alcohol was being served. Alcohol was not her substance of choice, so Jennifer thought there would be no harm in having a cocktail with her new boyfriend. The effects were devastating. After consuming the cocktail, Jennifer consumed four more drinks that lead to her relapse and a weeklong cocaine binge. Her boyfriend was unprepared for her behavior and left her immediately after he found out about her substance use problem. Her boss began looking into her background because of her weeklong absence as well as some inconsistencies between the work skills she displayed and what she reported on her resume.
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Jennifer was eventually able to convince her boyfriend to give the relationship a chance by thoroughly explaining her treatment success and the fact that ?relapse is expected? in recovery. She begged for his forgiveness citing all the good times they had shared and her belief that they were perfect for each other. He agreed to reconcile the relationship. She did not have the same success of convincing her boss of her suitability for the job and was released from the company. Her boyfriend moved her into his home and supported her until she found a work. She was able to maintain her sobriety for another year before she began stealing money from his bank account. He forgave her again to her ability to rationalize actions. She continued her actions for many years into their relationship.
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Denial is one of the most challenging defense mechanisms used by individuals with addictions. This term has been familiar to the substance abuse treatment nomenclature for many decades. It applies when a substance abuser denies the existence or severity of his or her problem. Treatment for clients in denial is typically challenging. In these cases, the focus of intervention is on helping the client acknowledge the problem. The only way treatment will be successful is if the client recognizes the existence or extent of the substance abuse.
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The contemporary perspective is that denial occurs in the ?pre-contemplative? stage of the change process (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). The denial of clients in this stage is not confronted as it was in older forms of treatment. It is viewed as a necessary beginning on the journey to sobriety. Addressing the denial requires encouraging the client to identify the ill effects as well as the perceived benefits of his or her substance abuse. The client in this stage will attempt to work toward finding internal motivation to change based on the insight gained about the effects of his or her use pattern.ÿÿ
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Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research denial used as a defense mechanism.
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Download and review the case study.
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Respond to the following:
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How is the use of denial by the substance-abusing client evident in the case?
What other ways might substance-abusing individuals display denial?
What approaches could you use to work with the client in the case study?

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Support your responses using your module readings and authoritative resources. Incorporate theory and factual information in your response.
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Write your initial response in 2?3 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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This is Thursday 11/20/14
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Assignment 2b
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was originally developed in 1952 to help doctors and counselors across the country standardize the classifications of mental disorders in the American population. Throughout the intervening years, the DSM has gone through several revisions, establishing specific diagnostic criteria for each disorder listed, and revising disorders as more was understood about their origins, symptoms, and treatments. The DSM III (1980) marks the point when substance use disorders were moved to a category of their own, separate from personality disorders. Today, the current DSM lists the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders.
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While these standardized diagnostic practices have been in use for more than sixty years, there are some pros and cons in the use of the DSM diagnoses of substance use disorders in the assessment of clients.
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Complete the following requirements:
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Evaluate, in detail, the pros and cons of using DSM diagnoses as the primary classification structure for clients with substance use disorders.
Examine the assessment types used to diagnose clients with substance use. Choose two of these assessments that would not only help to diagnose the substance use disorder, but would also assess the whole person. Explain them fully.
Compare and contrast the two assessments chosen regarding how they will evaluate the whole person and not just the specific DSM diagnostic criteria.
Justify the value of using assessments that evaluate the whole person rather than just the specific DSM diagnostic criteria.

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Use scholarly resources to support your work.
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Write a 3?4 page paper in Word format. Not including Title and Reference page. Apply APA standards to citation of resources.
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This is Monday 11/24/14
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Assignment 3a
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The stages of change model suggests that clients who are in the process of changing addictive behavior move through successive stages, from limited insight to maintenance of change. These stages will be presented by the client?s attitudes and behaviors. It is the job of the clinician to identify the correct stage and employ specific interventions for the treatment to be successful. Most clients opting for an assessment will likely be in the early stages of change. ÿ
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The major tenets of motivational interviewing were designed to provide clinicians with tools to facilitate the change process in clients. Extensive research supports its effectiveness and it has become the standard in the past decade. These techniques are grounded in the client-centered approach rather than the confrontational approach to substance abuse treatment used in previous decades.
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Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research motivational interviewing and the stages of change model.
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Download and review the case study.
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Case Study ? John
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John is a longtime alcohol abuser who has managed to function in his job as a shipping foreperson for more than twenty years despite his problem. Last month John`s company instituted a new company policy that required all employees to submit to random urine screens. John tested positive the first time he submitted his urine drop. His company referred him for an assessment that had to be conducted before he was allowed to return to work.
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As the substance abuse evaluator, you are responsible for identifying whether or not a drinking problem exists and for recommending any necessary treatment. John presents in your office the next day with frustration related to his suspension from work. Although he understands the position of his company, indicating that many of ?those guys there have drinking problems,? he is surprised that the company ?is being this harsh on him.? He denied having a problem because he ?does not drink everyday like some of those guys.?
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You discuss with John his perception of his drinking as well as the company`s decision to refer him for an assessment and treatment. As the session proceeds, you agree that John is probably not dependent on alcohol. However, you introduce the probability of abuse, given the history you were provided, and his admission to ?getting hammered? most days he is drinking. You explain that his drinking behavior resulted in the presence of alcohol in his urine form the previous night at home. You explore this with John in an effort to help him identify some of the consequences of his drinking, even though he is not alcohol dependent. This allows John to focus on the potential consequences of his alcohol use pattern.
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Respond to the following:
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Explain factors for determining the client?s stage of change and identify which stage of change the client is in.
What two motivational interviewing techniques would be helpful in assessing substance abuse in this case? Give reasons and explanations.

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Support your responses using your module readings and authoritative resources. Incorporate theory and factual information in your response.
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Write your initial response in 2?3 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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This is Thursday 11/27/14
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Assignment 3b
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In your professional capacity as a substance abuse counselor, you are not permitted to give diagnoses for mental disorders other than those related to substance abuse. However, you will likely be exposed to clients with mental health disorders in the assessment or treatment process. The competent substance abuse evaluator will be able to identify clients who present mental health disorders and make the appropriate referrals. Providing appropriate referrals for clients is common in the substance abuse field.
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In Assignment 1b, you developed a case history for a person with an addiction. In this assignment, you will develop a case history and include one mental disorder. The inclusion of a mental disorder in your case study will aid in the examination of co-occurring disorders. You will then present your diagnosis and referrals.
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This assignment has two parts. Complete both parts.
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Part I
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Create a case history for a person with an addiction and a mental disorder. Do not include identifying information. Include the following elements in your case history:
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Demographics?including age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, marital status, number and ages of children, living arrangements, and religion if applicable
Presenting problem
Previous psychiatric treatment of patient
Previous chemical treatment of patient
Chemical history
Medical history?including disabilities if applicable
Work and education history
Legal or financial concerns
Family background
Concerned person involvement
Referral source

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Part II
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Analyze the case history and present your diagnosis as related to substance use disorders. Include the following in your diagnosis:
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Summarize key case study elements you would use to formulate a diagnosis and guide your treatment plan.
Identify at least two assessment tools that you would use to formulate a diagnosis. Justify why you have selected these tools.
State your diagnosis related to substance use disorders. Justify your reasons for your diagnosis.
Identify other concerns and offer recommendations and referral opportunities. Justify your reasons and explanations.

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Write a 3?4-page report in Word format. Not including title page and reference page. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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This is Monday 12/1/14
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Semester project management assignment i

Read the attached article and answer the following questions 1 & 2:
1.Write a brief note on the criteria?s used to evaluate the performance of Project Manager to which Zaitz, senior project manager with EDS’s Medicaid Management Information Systems Group, does not agree.
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2.Explain the criteria?s recommended by Zaitz, senior project manager with EDS’s Medicaid Management Information Systems Group, to evaluate the performance of Project Manager.
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3.Among the following four projects proposed to you, choose the project that you desire based on payback period method.
ProjectABCD
Cost of the project$250,000$135,000$175,000$225,000
Annual net cash flows$84,000$56,000$68,000$81,000
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4.If the rate of return is 0.15, compute the discount cash flow to determine the NPV of the projects A, whose cost is $125,000 and net cash flows is $35,000, $43,000 and $67,000 for three financial years. .ÿ
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5.Based on the NPV determined in question 4, should the project A be accepted or rejected based on profitability index.
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6.Using the information given in question 4, what will be the NPV of the project if the expected rate of inflation is 3%?ÿ
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An Objective Method for Evaluating Project Managers’ Performanceÿ
A long-time project manager for EDS outlines a sensible way to evaluate project managers’ performance using objective metrics that matter most to the business.
CIO – Project managers are ultimately responsible for making sure projects are completed on time, on budget and with the features and functionality specified by the project’s stakeholders. So one would presume that project managers’ performance would be evaluated based on those same criteria. It sounds obvious, right?ÿ
In fact, it’s not always the case that project managers are evaluated on the basis of whether their projects are completed on time, on budget or with the required functionality.ÿ
At EDS, for example, project managers are reviewed based on subjective criteria, such as their communication skills, passion for achieving business results and business ethics, according to Jed Zaitz, a senior project manager with EDS’s Medicaid Management Information Systems Group. Zaitz says objective, measurable criteria, such as whether a project manager’s projects are completed on time or on budget, are not factored into performance appraisals for project managers at EDS because in many cases those metrics aren’t available.
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But Zaitz wants that to change.ÿ
“Project managers, unlike business analysts, testers or developers, have responsibility for project delivery, and they should be measured on their success or failure. That should at least be factored into the appraisal,” he says. “To ignore objective metrics makes no sense.”ÿ
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Objective Metrics Are Key to Company Success
Zaitz, who earned his PMP (project management professional) certification from the Project Management Institute, believes objective metrics can help improve project managers’ project delivery rates. If, during performance reviews, project managers find out exactly where their performance is falling short, their managers can talk with them about ways to improve their performance.ÿ
“Improvement of one or two percent in a project manager’s performance would add huge numbers to the bottom line of a company,” says Zaitz, who’s worked for EDS for 32 years. “Even a small improvement would have very significant results.”ÿ
Zaitz developed a methodology for evaluating project managers’ performance about nine months ago, while he was managing a team of 15 project managers who completed five to six projects each year. The methodology is based on the traditional definition of a successful project: one that comes in on time, on budget and with few defects.ÿ
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Zaitz’s Performance Review Methodology
Here’s how Zaitz’s performance review process works: Project managers earn 100 points for completing a project. But if the project isn’t completed on time, the project manager gets points docked from his score?say two points for every week the project is late.
Similarly, if the project comes in over budget or is implemented with defects, the project manager loses points?such as a half a point for each defect found within 60 days of the project going live or a half a point for each one percent the project went over budget.ÿ
Project size is also taken into consideration. Zaitz measures the size of each project according to its number of function points.ÿ
Zaitz notes that organizations can subtract more or fewer points from a project manager’s score depending on which elements of project success (e.g. time, budget and quality) they wish to emphasize. For instance, if an organization prizes speed over quality, and if a project manager misses the go-live date, the project manager could be docked five points for each week the project was late instead of two.
Though Zaitz’s methodology is focused on objective metrics, it takes into consideration stretch goals, such as early delivery of projects and technical productivity (getting more done with fewer resources or for less money), and soft skills. For example, if project managers complete their projects ahead of time or under budget, they can earn bonus points (especially if quality is not compromised.)ÿ
EDS hasn’t adopted Zaitz’s methodology, but the senior project manager says one group within the company plans to pilot it. He adds that rolling out the methodology throughout the company, which was recently acquired by HP, will require a significant cultural change. But the reward may be greater than the risk.ÿ
Says Zaitz: “For an organization like EDS, which probably has 1,000 project managers, it’s very important to know its true top performers because if a new project comes up that’s very challenging for a very important customer, you want to pick the right person to work on it.”
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By Meridith Levinson
Tue, September 23, 2008
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Gloria smithson and her husband joe have created a revolutionary

Gloria Smithson and her husband Joe have created a revolutionary widget that they believe will revolutionize the industry. Joe Smithson is an engineer, and he and Gloria worked steadily for approximately 1 year to develop the design. They have applied for a patent, which is currently pending. They have created prototypes and are ready to begin looking for manufacturers and accounts. However, they have not yet created a business and are not sure which type of entity will best serve their needs. They want to create a business that can grow steadily and perhaps expand globally. Gloria has researched accounting firms and believes she has found one that will be able to answer all of her questions. She wants to develop a long-term relationship with an accountant who regularly works with start-up businesses and who has global connections.
You are a business planner and accountant. Your expertise is in helping clients evaluate business formation options and business strategy. You have cultivated many international contacts in a variety of fields, including manufacturing. You believe that you will be able to help Gloria find appropriate manufacturing options abroad as well as companies in several countries with which she might want to partner. You have created an extensive memorandum that outlines the various business entity options, the strengths and weaknesses of each, as well as suggestions concerning global expansion. Gloria has come to you to get some advice on which business entity best suits her needs and objectives.
Gloria regularly used widgets* in her position as a manufacturing supervisor at Energy Efficiency Ltd. An engineer by education, she spent evenings designing a newer, better, and more efficient widget that would revolutionize the energy industry. When she felt confident that she had perfected the design, she and her husband Joe fabricated a prototype. When the prototype functioned as they intended, they hired a lawyer to file design and utility patent applications. Now, 18 months later, their attorney told them that they have been granted provisional design and utility patents. Gloria is confident that she is ready to start her business, and she wants to quit her current job to do so. Gloria knows the business will start small but believes that it will grow into a multimillion-dollar company with many employees. She wants to minimize the taxes the business pays, and she wants to make sure that she and her family are insulated from personal liability for debts of the business, or liability in the event of injury caused by the widget.
Joe is Gloria’s husband. He is also an engineer and agrees with Gloria that they should start a business, but he is not willing to quit his job at this point to help Gloria. They need to have at least one steady income, and they rely on Joe’s job benefits like health insurance and his 401k. They borrowed money from Joe’s 401k to manufacture the prototype widget, and they paid the patent application fees and their attorney’s fees from those funds.
Gerald is Gloria’s father. He is retired but is willing to invest some money into Gloria’s business. However, he wants to have some control over the business and wants his investment to be considered a loan that Gloria’s business would have to repay with interest.
Nancy and Roger are childhood friends of Joe’s. They learned about the new widget when they were at the Smithsons’ home for a BBQ and saw the prototype on the kitchen counter. They are independently wealthy and consider themselves to be venture capitalists; they invest money into new businesses they believe will be profitable. They want to invest money into Gloria’s business but don’t want to have any day-to-day responsibilities for running the business.
Gloria is very concerned about insulating herself and her family from personal liability. You are a business planner and accountant. Gloria has come to you to get some advice on which business entity best suits her needs and objectives. For this assignment, you will prepare a three- to four-page memo to Gloria Smithson to advise her on which business entity you recommend she choose based on her situation and your research.
Gloria is very concerned about insulating herself and her family from personal liability. You are a business planner and accountant. Gloria has come to you to get some advice on which business entity best suits her needs and objectives. For this assignment, you will prepare a three- to four-page memo to Gloria Smithson to advise her on which business entity you recommend she choose based on her situation and your research.
Prepare a paper that addresses the elements below.

Identify three business formations that you believe Gloria could consider as appropriate for her business.
Define each chosen business formation.
Explain at least three pros and three cons for each potential business formation.
Using the course material and the DeVry Library, research which business formation would best insulate Gloria and her family from potential liability.
Your paper will be graded using the Week 3 You Decide Rubric.

Below are some more tips to help you be successful in this assignment.

The heading of your memo should be: Memo to Gloria Smithson.
Your paper should be three to four pages long, exclusive of the cover page and references page. It should comply with APA 6th edition formatting.

Cover page
References page
12-point, Times New Roman font
No website references
Include at least two scholarly references in addition to your textbook
Include in-text references to sources

Benefits of Dual Enrollment to Students in the USA Essay

Please complete all parts PLEASE COMPLETE ASSIGNMENTS PER THESE INSTRUCTIONS John Doe,a) This is s Graduate course in Educational Research Methods. I have not received the proposed research topic related to issues in education either pertaining to K-12 children or college students.b) I believe you submitted the wrong paper for the wrong class. However, I want to give you the opportunity to send me the correct paper as well as the proposed research topic at ********* so that I can update the points accordingly.c) By the way, the cover page is missing some information as follows: Assignment 1: The Scavenger HuntJohn DoeEDU 508: Educational Research MethodsDr. Margie Vance, Ed.D., MBAStrayer UniversityJuly 22, 2019d) Change the Header as follows: RUNNING HEADER: Assignment 1: The Scavenger Huntc) Do not use all Capital letters for the “Introduction” subtitle, and please move it to the center of the page.e) I did not see where the Literature Review started wherein you listed each of the required four peer-reviewed articles related to your research topic. See the attached sample template to use as a guide for the outline of the paper:Assignment 1. Sample Student paper.docx f) Your classmates have submitted their research topic. I am attaching a copy of the approved list to give you an idea of what they are researching related to educational issues. Let me know right away what you would like to research as well as you research question:RESEARCH TOPIC AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS.pdf g) Here are the PowerPoint slides for the Live Chat for this assignment.The Scavenger Hunt [Autosaved].pptx Please submit the correct paper for this class to meet the course requirement. Part 1Research Assignment OverviewFor this class, you will choose a research topic and design a 3-5 question survey to study that topic. This project is designed to give you an idea of how to conduct educational research, how to interpret those results, and how those results can be used to affect teaching methods, curriculum, school policy, and educational law. The core of your research project will be your research instrument, e.g. your survey. Surveys must collect data anonymously (i.e. they don?t ask for names or other information that can be used to identify someone) and be easily accessible such as through a web link. The following survey tools are listed in your book. You may also choose to use your own tool such as GoogleDocs to create a survey and collect data. Explore the tools below and see which one you like the best. All will require you to create an account but have free access for trial accounts and individual/limited use. Part 2Assignment 1: The Scavenger Hunt Week 3 and worth 100 points Let?s put your investigative skills to work! In this assignment, visit the Strayer online library located in research.strayer.com or the Resource Center tab in Blackboard and find four (4) peer-reviewed quantitative articles related to your topic. Read each article. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Part 3For this assignment, you will create the second part of your research paper. The literature review should consist of a total of seven to ten (7-10) articles related to your research topic. These articles may include any articles you have previously found throughout this course. You should use the headings below for the sections of your paper.Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Part 4If you have ever asked a question, wondered why something is as it is, or tried to understand an event, you have engaged in research. For this assignment, you will create the first part of your research paper. You should use the headings below for the sections of your paper.You will craft the framework of your research using the articles you collected and summarized from Assignment 1 and / or other articles you found that relate to your research topic. Assignments 2, 3, and 4 will all build on each other to create one comprehensive research paper. Each time you submit an assignment, your instructor will provide feedback that you can use moving forward with the other parts of the research paper.Write a seven to ten (7-10) page paper in which you: Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Part 5What do reporters, crime scene investigators, and sports broadcasters have in common? All of these occupations are focused on reporting the results from data or information. The final part of your research paper is about the data procedures, reporting, and interpretation of the results of your research topic. For this assignment, you will create the last part of your research paper. Build on your paper from Assignments 2 and 3, and integrate feedback from your instructor. You should use the headings below for the sections of your paper.Write a twelve to fifteen (12-15) page paper (this includes the work you already completed in Assignments 2 and 3) in which you:These items you should have already completed in Assignments 2 and 3: These items are new for Assignment 4:Remember to address the feedback from your instructor for Assignments 2 and 3.Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

4 ece discussions in 14 hours | ECE 313 Collaboration with Parents & Community | Ashford University

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(1) Developmental Theory: ÿÿYour Toolbox ÿ[WLO: 1] [CLO: 2]
In previous courses, you studied various learning theories and the role played by theory in our ability as caregivers to support the developmental needs of the children in our care. Now that you have further studied developmental domains in this class, it is time to connect theory to the more individual needs of children within these domains. According to Groark, McCarthy, & Kirk (2014).ÿ
In viewing one?s knowledge of developmental theories as somewhat of a tool box, an early childhood professional can identify which theory or theories can best help to make sense of the current circumstances. In identifying these theories, the caregiver can identify which approaches might work best to support the growth and development of the children in his or her care, based on the unique characteristics of the situation at hand. (Section 3.11, para. 3).
Identifying those specific approaches or strategies is the goal of this discussion.
To prepare for this discussion,
ú Read Chapter 2: ?Influences on Child Development.?
ú Review Table 3.5: Summary of developmental theories (Section 3.11: Integrating and Using Developmental Theories).
Review your assigned child development influence and text section from below.
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Last Name Begins ÿÿWith
Assigned Child ÿÿDevelopment Influence
Section from Text
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A – E
Genetics/Biological ÿÿInfluences
Section 2.1
Then imagine you are working with a child whose growth and/or development has been impacted in some way by the influence you studied.ÿ
For your initial post,
ú Summarize, in your own words, the influence on child development you were assigned from above and its impact on a child?s growth and development.
ú Specify the age range of the child you identified.
ú Tell which domain (s) you are supporting specifically (i.e., cognitive, motor, language, self-help, and/or socio-emotional).
ú Describe at least two strategies you can use in the classroom to support the child.
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(2) Developmentally ÿÿAppropriate Practice: The Key [WLO: 2] [CLOs: 1, 2, 4]
Since you are enrolled in this course, it is hoped that you understand early childhood education is valuable for promoting the well-being of children and families. The ever-increasing support for early childhood programs is a testament to this. Now let?s consider what is key to ensuring early childhood programs and professionals have a positive and long-lasting effect on children and families. While there are several pieces to this puzzle, one of the most important aspects is the use of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). DAP involves educators meeting the needs of children based on their stages of development, ?both as individuals and as part of a group; and helping each child meet challenging and achievable learning goals? (NAEYC, n.d., para. 1).
To prepare for this discussion,
ú Read Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) Introduction (Links to an external site.).
ú Read Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children From Birth Through Age 8 (Links to an external site.).
ú Complete the 10 Effective DAP Strategies interactivity. (Links to an external site.)
For your initial post, describe what, in your opinion, would be the ideal developmentally appropriate classroom environment for an age group you desire to work with. In your description, address the following questions:
ú What is your ideal age group of children to work with?
ú What does the actual classroom environment look like and have in it?
ú How is it developmentally appropriate?
ú What are the qualifications and dispositions of the educators or caregivers in the classroom?
ú What types of learning experiences will children have? Why are they developmentally appropriate?
ÿhttps://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/dapÿ
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(3) Cultural Context: ÿÿDiscipline
Discipline and guidance are major components of a preschool program. ÿYou need to establish your own philosophy before you can communicate this with parents. ÿReview the following quizzes to reflect on your opinion of discipline and guidance.
a. The Best Discipline Tactics: A Quiz
b. The Discipline Quiz: True or False
Review Table 7:1 in your text, “Approaches to Guidance and Discipline with Young Children,” and choose two extrinsic reinforcers/rewards and two intrinsic reinforcers/punishments. ÿGive an example of each choice to demonstrate your understanding of “How It Works” and explain why it is an appropriate choice for a defiant child. ÿExplain what you would say to a parent who might question your decision to use this method. ÿFinally, share with your classmates your favorite extrinsic reward for a 3-year-old. ÿ
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(4) Problem Solving
Choose one of the following scenarios from Chapter 8 in your text:
ú Some parents request that their boys should not be permitted to play in the dress up area, and should not be allowed to wear women?s hats, shoes, and clothes to dress up.ÿ
ú Some parents complain that their children continually come home with paint on their clothes and sand in their hair, and ask that their children not be allowed to paint or play in the sandbox (Wardle, 2013, p. 221).
Using the following strategies from Keyser, presented in Chapter 8, construct a thoughtful response to the parent in your chosen situation. ÿName the scenario in your post (Dress Up or Mess). ÿThen, respond to each of the following points in your post.
a. Listen and ask open-ended questions. ÿ(What questions will you ask to be sure you understand the parent’s perspective?)
b. Restate and reframe the parent?s ideas. ÿ(How will you rephrase the situation to demonstrate to the parent that you understand their problem?)
c. Find common ground. ÿ(Refer back to the child. ÿRestate that both you and the parent want what is best for the child, therefore______ should be done.)
d. State your position, ideas, and feelings. ÿ(Be sure to leave your emotions out of this. ÿBe sure to include fact.)ÿ
e. Give information as appropriate. ÿ(At this point, you must include one outside resource, preferably a community resource, to assist the parent with this issue.)
f. Give the parent an opportunity to respond. (What will you say to encourage the parent to share their thoughts?)
g. Outline the conflict as equally valid viewpoints. (Although this would be necessary in a conversation, it is not necessary to include in this assignment.)ÿ
h. Invite, discuss, and choose possible solutions. (Offer a reasonable solution.)
i. Thank the parent and set up a time to check back in. (What would be the appropriate amount of time before revisiting this situation?)
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Required Text
Wardle, F.ÿ (2013).ÿ Collaboration with families and communities [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

Ha535 unit 9 discussion | Applied Sciences homework help

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Using the Web Resources provided, identify a current epidemiological concern either at the local, national, or global level. Address the following questions:

What is the epidemiological concern?
What population is it affecting?
What potential population may be affected if this concern is not addressed?
What are the risk factors associated with the epidemiological concern?
What public health recommendation can you make to alleviate your identified epidemiological concern?
Based on the reading how might you evaluate the effectiveness of the evidenced-based strategies?

Web Resources:
In two diferent paragraph give your personal opinion to Barbara Chestnut-adamson ÿand Valencia Matilusÿ
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Barbara Chestnut-adamsonÿ

The epidemiological concern is the rise of vaping among America’s teenagers.
The population it is effecting is all American teenagers, especially 10th-12th graders (NIH, 2018).
The potential population that may be affected if the vaping concern if not addressed is all children and their parents.
The risk factors associated with vaping are addiction, heart disease, lung inflammation, gum disease, and death (Vandergriendt, 2020).
The public health recommendation for teenage vaping is to spread the word about the dangers of vaping. According to Dr. Taskiran, most teens believe that the gas that they are inhaling is 100% safe (Martinelli, 2020). For this to change, the government must increase fines for advertising or selling vaping products to underage teens. There also needs to be more public service announcements about the dangers of vaping. More literature needs to offered at doctors’ visits to parents addressing the risk of vaping.
Evidence-based strategies can be useful when dealing with some populations, but trying to convince a teen with research evidence that their behavior is putting their life in danger will be tough. With 37.3% of all 12th graders reporting they are currently vaping compare to 27.8%, the year before means the numbers are trending up, and immediate health interventions are needed (NIH, 2018).

References
Martinelli, ÿK. ÿ(2020). Teen vaping: what you need to know. Retrieved from https://childmind.org/article/teen-vaping-what-you-need-to-know/
NIH. (2018). Teens using vaping devices in record number. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2018/12/teens-using-vaping-devices-in-record-numbers
Vandergriendt, C. (2020). Is vaping bad for you. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/is-vaping-bad-for-you
Valencia Matilusÿ
Epidemiological information is used to plan, and evaluate strategies to prevent the illness, and as a guide to the patients, and management to whom the diseases have already developed in their body?s. (Zewotir & Mwamba, 2019)
Malaria is transmitted in five world health organizations. Global, an estimated 3.5 billion people and 93 countries have been affected with malaria, and developed other high risks 1.2 billion people. (Zewotir & Mwamba, 2019)ÿ
Population has been affected though malaria in 2001 there are 219 million people cases of malaria global. In 2017 world health organizations reported a range 202-261 million people, and 436,000 malaria deaths. (Zewotir & Mwamba, 2019)
The risk factors for clinical malaria infection have been provided information on the local states, for malaria epidemiology and had potential that have led to more effective strategies for malaria controls. Children under age 5 years old infants, 35-59 months majorities of the cases 61.9%. There are the risk factors for malaria infectious diseases. Most of the cases are the residence water and they have to use ITNs to help to filtrate the water. (Wright, 2019)
Public health has recommended that people have to use proper hygiene, hands wash, social distance, and mask. Public health aims to improve quality care for treatment of malaria diseases. An advances in understanding the local epidemiology that had led to the best available models, target, and effective program to control malaria. (Wright, 2019)
The best evidence has been developed for malaria cannot be strong, with the promised new tools, too detected, to treat, and prevent malaria. Includes new vaccines, medications and to improve the mechanisms for surveillance, and responses global for malaria vaccines pipelines. (Wright, 2019)
Reference
Zewotir RT, Adele D. & Mamba, HP. (2019) Provenance and risks factors malaria Ethiopia. https://www.who.inttopics epidemiology.
World health organization malaria reports (2018) Geneva.
Wright K., Williams Terry. Wilkinson L. (2019) health development and important health needs assessments.