Critically analyse and discuss how multinational corporations (MNCs) can limit its effects on staff for return on investment (ROI)?

International Human Resource Management Assessment

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon successful completion of this module, students will have demonstrated: Knowledge K1: A definitive, critical and comparative understanding of International Human Resource Management strategies, policy and practice across a diverse range of organisational contexts at all levels of the organisation. K2: A critical understanding of a range of theoretical perspectives used to compare and contrast differences in national and international culture in a range of diverse contexts, and the resulting HR implications. K3: An appreciation and understanding of the complexity and issues associated with managing staff and organisations in dynamic environments and political changing environments. (E.g. post Brexit or similar political change). Skills: S1: Effective application of different employment policies, legislation and practices evident in a multinational corporation S2: An ability to evaluate knowledge, skill and abilities required by an International/global manager pre, during and post assignment. S3: A cultural sensitivity to difference when organising and managing in cross-border contexts 2 ASSESSMENT Note: Word Count 3,500 (+-10%) Instructions on Assessment: With reference to appropriate models, theories, frameworks and academic literature, you are required to select two of the following 4 questions and provide answers in the form of a report in not more than 3, 500 words. Note: The pieces of work are equally weighted on the overall mark. Note: You should not include any appendices in your finished piece of work. 1. The influence of ‘‘culture shock’’ in international human resource management and its impacts on expatriate workers are well-known. Critically analyse and discuss how multinational corporations (MNCs) can limit its effects on staff for return on investment (ROI)? 2. Identity and critically discuss the benefits of motivating expatriate workers in global business environment, as well as how this can lead to competitive advantage for MNCs? 3. Institutions are crucially important in protecting workers’ right. Critically examine the roles played by supranational institutions in protecting expatriate workers’ rights and wellbeing as well as shaping employee voice in the workplace? 4. The concept of globalisation is fundamental to organisational success in international human resource management. Critically identify and examine its impact on MNCs’ organisational effectiveness during expatriation? WORD LIMITS FOR ASSIGNMENTS The word count is to be declared on the front page of your assignment. The word count does not include: •Title and Contents page •Glossary •Reference list •Bibliography NB: Please note, in text citations [e.g. (Nwagbara, 2013)] and direct secondary quotations [e.g. “dibdab nonsense analysis” (Nwagbara, 2013, p. 689)] are INCLUDED in the word count. Summarising and compressing the information in your assignment into the word limit is one of the skills that students are expected to acquire, and demonstrate as part of the assignment process.

How do women with social risk factors experience United Kingdom maternity care?

Research project information

Proposed Project Title

How do women with social risk factors experience maternity are in the United Kingdom

Info on project:

Research Project (3,000 words): The written-up research project should be 3,000 words (with a 10% either way margin). The completed research project can be presented in a variety of formats, which could include a conventional ‘report’ format, a mini-dissertation format or extended essay form. The form of the completed research project should be appropriate to the actual area of research and therefore adopting the best model of presentation for your research will be a consideration in terms of the application of grading to the completed work (AC 6.1 (a)). The final submission should also include discussion / evidence of the stages of research evidencing the development of the research from its inception, through any review of literature and / or methodological development, its actual findings and discussion / conclusions based on said findings. However, this should act as a formal record of the decisions taken and the findings of the research and may well be supplemented by reference to the project log (and appendices) for more detailed recording and analysis.

The Research Project should be written in an appropriate academic format to match the research undertaken and should be referenced appropriately Therefore, you should adopt a format which allows you to evidence your work based upon factors such as your use of primary and / or secondary research. You should pay particular attention to how the work is structured and presented as the skills related to ‘technical writing’ are integral to scoring high grades. This includes the ability to communicate effectively using ‘signposted ideas’ which are used to present a coherent argument and spelling and grammar which may undermine the clarity of communication.

First section is the methodology: In discussing the methodology employed you should consider whether the methodological model used was the best-fit to research your chosen subject area. Consideration should be given to the use of primary and / or secondary research models as well as the use of qualitative v. quantitative data analysis (if appropriate). This will provide evidence of AC 2.1. You should aim to address what went well in undertaking the research and also what you might do differently based on reflection of your planning and organization of the work. This report asserts that adult learners are influenced by many factors and that instruction into strategies for positive behaviour would be beneficial

In the case of this research an in-depth literature review of the areas of interest was conducted examining the previous and current work of experts in the field of educational behaviour and andragogy. Through the literature review other researchers on this topic were identified.

The choice of secondary research as a preferred methodology stemming from the aftermath of a global pandemic and safeguarding concerns, plus consideration of ethical implications considering the subject matter.

Assessment criteria- 1.1               Identify and justify a researchable area suitable for an independent academic study.

1.2           Produce clear aim(s) related to a chosen study.

2.1           Justify the research methodology for a chosen study.

2.2           Produce a research plan for a chosen study.

2.3           Undertake a critical review of published sources relevant to the chosen study.

2.4           Conduct primary or secondary research into the chosen study topic, adhering to any ethical guidelines as appropriate.

2.5           Deploy accurate, detailed and relevant knowledge of the subject in support of a coherent analysis of the study with reference to any relevant theoretical perspectives.

2.6           Draw relevant conclusions which are supported by academic evidence.

2.7           Use academic knowledge to explain and clarify the conclusions.

2.8           Produce a research report that follows academic conventions including:

1. a) a critical application of skills and knowledge
2. b) accurate and consistent referencing
3. c) appropriate academic style and ‘voice’.

2.9           Evaluate the study, discussing the main strengths, weaknesses and/or limitations.

2.10        Propose how improvements could be made as appropriate.

2.11        Make recommendations for further study as appropriate.

Subject for this project is:

How do social factors determine the quality of maternity care women receive in the United Kingdom?

Aim: To discover how social risk factors are prevalent in maternity care and how these factors can affect maternity health outcomes. The question I want to answer is ‘How do social factors determine the quality of maternity care women receive in the United Kingdom’?

Social factors including Age, class, work status etc of mother I will attach two articles I have found but please find other articles on this for research.

Maternity experiences of mothers with multiple disadvantages in England: A qualitative study

How do women with social risk factors experience United Kingdom maternity care?

Identify a suitable change theory and provide a rationale for its selection, why this one?

The service improvement plan needs to be based on existing research sourced by undertaking a literature review.

To develop a structured and viable service improvement plan there needs to be the implementation of a suitable change theory.

An action plan of the proposed service improvement plan will be required in the appendices.

Module Learning Outcomes

1. Critically examine the service user experience to establish potential for improvement in a defined aspect of care/ professional practice.
2. Interpret and critique information from a variety of sources, drawing conclusions to propose a flexible and creative approach to problem-solving
3. Demonstrate application of understanding of change management in proposing improvements to care delivery,
4. Demonstrate the capacity for conceptual, critical, and independent thinking

Suitable Essay Structure Example

• Introduction
• Background + Introduction of the Service Improvement Idea
• Literature Review
• Change Management, applying the Service Improvement Plan
• Recommendations
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendices

Introduction approx. 250 words

• Best to be written last once you know what you are introducing
• Set the scene for the reader of what will be covered and explored within the essay
• Identify the topic area and a brief rationale for its selection
• Signpost the reader to the overall structure of the essay

Background approx. 500 words

• Identify the service improvement plan and link it to relevant policies, guidelines, and legislation
• Provide statistics, trends, and targets related to the issue
• Identify the current situation for patients and the challenges they experience
• Imagine the reader has no insight into the issue, use this section to identify the challenges and give a foundation to base the discussion on

Literature Review approx. 2000 words

This section needs to be split into three areas:

1. Search Strategy
2. Critiquing tools/framework
3. Issues/focuses raised by the literature

Search Strategy (This will take some time so do not leave it too late to start)

• How were the literature and research found? Think of this section as a recipe summary, but contain it to a maximum of two paragraphs
• Start big with a broad focus and then as you read narrow the search down. For example, Healthy Eating –Availability of healthy foods during a hospitalisation
• Consider the search engines you wish to use…. more than Google please! Provide a rationale for your approach
• Application of Keywords, phrases, and Boolean operators – Consider the rationale and strengths/limitations for applying these
• Identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria you will apply date, language, adults, children, country, and peer-reviewed – Again consider the rationale for these and the strengths/limitations
• Include a search table in the appendices identifying how the literature/research was found

Critiquing Tools/Framework

• Provide a rationale for using a critiquing tool/framework
• All the papers need to be critiqued in the essay in terms of their findings, but you will need to include an example of one of the research papers being reviewed with the critiquing tool/framework of your choice
• If you struggling to find a suitable tool, you may wish to explore the CASP Critiquing Tool

Literature Review Continued

Issues/focuses raised by the literature

• Discussion on the research methods used by the key pieces of research found during the search
  • Qualitative/Quantitative/Mixed Methods
  • Sample Size
  • Data collection methods – interviews/focus groups/questionnaires
• You need to have at least 5 research papers on your topic to complete this section
• Explore the findings of the papers and build a discussion showing the issues within the topic area
• Link in other pieces of literature and evidence – policies, websites, books, guidelines, articles

Top tips for this section

• Do not leave this to the last minute as it will take time to find suitable research papers
• Utilise the library and study skills plus support to undertake this piece of work
• Do not delete searches, save as you go otherwise you might struggle to find the resources again
• The literature review needs to identify the challenges regarding your topic area so you can identify what is needed to try and improve the concern
• The skills that you will show and demonstrate in this section will relate to the following learning outcomes:
  • Learning Outcome 1
  • Learning Outcome 2
  • Learning Outcome 4

Change Management approx. 2000 words

• Identify a suitable change theory and provide a rationale for its selection, why this one?
• Discuss the chosen change theory model and explore the strengths and limitations of the theory
• Embed your service improvement plan into the different stages of the change theory
• Recognise and explore the challenges with implementing change – utilise other literature and evidence to deepen this discussion
• Identify potential ways to overcome challenges and barriers to change
  • Leadership
  • Communication
  • Multi-disciplinary working
• Consider the resources needed to implement the change is it just leadership, communication, and multi-disciplinary working?
• This section must consider the service user – how are they involved in the change? How will they benefit?
• Consider how you will know that the change has taken place and is embedded
• Identify recommendations for future practice based on your findings and ideas

Conclusion approx. 250 words

• Draw the KEY points from each section of your essay together
• Demonstrate the value of evidence-based practice, the issues around change implantation, and what the role of nurses is in this aspect of care delivery
• You could identify the essential role of the nurse in delivering safe and responsive care that meets needs and how this is a requirement for a developing professional
• No references or new evidence in this section

References (minimum of 60)

• The clue is in the assessment guidance, this is a literature review therefore you need to include literature and evidence!
• Needs to follow the Anglia Ruskin Harvard Referencing Guidelines, available through the library website
• You must include a broad spectrum of literature and evidence: research papers are a must, books, journal articles, guidelines, policies, strategies, legislation, charities, websites
• There should be no usage of newspapers, NHS choices, or T.V news programs – Consider the Academic rigour of the literature and evidence
• Ensure all your in-text references are cited in alphabetical order in the reference list
• Remember if you have more than one resource with the same year and date you need to cite it as NMC (2018a) and NMC (2018b) both in the text and reference list, otherwise, the reader cannot identify which resource relates to which point.

Appendices

• You will have at least 3 appendices

1. Search Table
2. Critiquing Tool/Framework applied to one piece of the identified research papers
3. Action plan identifying the need for changes to embed the service improvement plan

• Appendices should be recognised within the essay (see appendix A)
• Search table – needs to show how literature was found and hits were reduced down to a more manageable amount
• Critiquing Tool/Framework – Needs to be applied to one piece of research as an example and demonstration of your knowledge
• Action plan – needs to be based on SMART or PDSA and reflect your service improvement idea. Needs to be a step-by-step approach to implementing the change
• If you include a diagram of the change theory, you will need to cite a reference underneath the diagram and include it in the reference list

Remember, appendices are supportive pages to help explain what you are saying in the main essay. They do not count in the word count and therefore allow you to provide further clarity rather than use the word count upon the description.

Critically examine the service user experience to establish potential for improvement in a defined aspect of care/ professional practice.

Summative Assessment

A 5000-word essay introducing a service improvement plan based on an aspect of professional practice or patient care. The service improvement plan needs to be based on existing research sourced by undertaking a literature review. To develop a structured and viable service improvement plan there needs to be the implementation of a suitable change theory. An action plan of the proposed service improvement plan will be required in the appendices. Module Learning Outcomes 1. Critically examine the service user experience to establish potential for improvement in a defined aspect of care/ professional practice. 2. Interpret and critique information from a variety of sources, drawing conclusions to propose a flexible and creative approach to problem solving 3. Demonstrate application of understanding of change management in proposing improvements to care delivery, 4. Demonstrate the capacity for conceptual, critical and independent thinking Suitable Essay Structure Example • Introduction • Background + Introduction of the Service Improvement Idea • Literature Review • Change Management, applying the Service Improvement Plan • Recommendations • Conclusion • References • Appendices Introduction approx. 250 words • Best to be written last once you know what you are introducing • Set the scene to the reader of what will be covered and explored within the essay • Identify the topic area and a brief rationale to its selection • Signpost the reader to the overall structure of the essay Background approx. 500 words • Identify the service improvement plan and link to relevant policies, guidelines and legislation • Provide statistics, trends and targets related to the issue • Identify the current situation for patients and the challenges they experience • Imagine the reader has no insight into the issue, use this section to identify the challenges and give a foundation to base the discussion on Literature Review approx. 2000 words This section needs to be split into three areas: 1. Search Strategy 2. Critiquing tools/framework 3. Issues/focuses raised by the literature Search Strategy (This will take some time so do not leave it to late to start) • How was the literature and research found? Think of this section as a recipe summary, but contain it to maximum two paragraphs • Start big with a broad focus and then as you read narrow the search down. For example; Healthy Eating –Availability of healthy foods during a hospitalisation • Consider the search engines you wish to use….more than Google please! Provide a rationale for your approach • Application of Key words, phrases and Boolean operators – Consider the rationale and strengths/limitations for applying these • Identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria you will apply: date, language, adults, children, country, peer reviewed – Again consider the rationale for these and the strengths/limitations • Include a search table in the appendices identifying how the literature/research was found Critiquing Tools/Framework • Provide a rationale for using a critiquing tool/framework • All the papers need to be critiqued in the essay in terms of their findings but you will need to include an example of one of the research papers being reviewed with the critiquing tool/framework of your choice • If you struggling to find a suitable tool, you may wish to explore the CASP Critiquing Tool Literature Review Continued.. Issues/focuses raised by the literature • Discussion on the research methods used by the key pieces of research found during the search • Qualitative/Quantitative/Mixed Methods • Sample Size • Data collection methods – interviews/focus groups/questionnaires • You need to have at least 5 research papers on your topic to complete this section • Explore the findings of the papers and build a discussion showing the issues within the topic area • Link in other pieces of literature and evidence – policies, websites, books, guidelines, articles Top tips for this section • Do not leave this to the last minute as it will take time to find suitable research papers • Utilise the library and study skills plus support to undertake this piece of work • Do not delete searches, save as you go otherwise you might struggle to find the resources again • The literature review needs to identify the challenges regarding your topic area so you can identify what is needed to try and improve the concern • The skills that you will show and demonstrate in this section will relate to the following learning outcomes: • Learning Outcome 1 • Learning Outcome 2 • Learning Outcome 4 Change Management approx. 2000 words • Identify a suitable change theory and provide a rationale for its selection, why this one? • Discuss the chosen change theory model and explore the strengths and limitations of the theory • Embed your service improvement plan into the different stages of the change theory • Recognise and explore the challenges with implementing change – utilise other literature and evidence to deepen this discussion • Identify potential ways to overcome challenges and barriers to change • Leadership – module 5 may come in useful here • Communication • Multi-disciplinary working • Consider the resources needed to implement the change is it just leadership, communication and multi-disciplinary working? • This section must consider the service user – how are they involved in the change? How will they benefit? • Consider how you will know that the change has taken place and is embedded • Identify recommendations for future practice based on your findings and ideas Conclusion approx. 250 words • Draw the KEY points from each section of your essay together • Demonstrate the value of evidence based practice, the issues around change implantation and what the role of nurses is in this aspect of care delivery • You could identify the essential role of the nurse in delivering safe and responsive care that meets needs and how this is a requirement for a developing professional • No references or new evidence in this section References (minimum of 50) • The clue is in the assessment guidance, this is a literature review therefore you need to include literature and evidence! • Needs to follow the Anglia Ruskin Harvard Referencing Guidelines, available through the library website • You must include a broad spectrum of literature and evidence: research papers are a must, books, journal articles, guidelines, policies, strategies, legislation, charities, websites • There should be no usage of newspapers, NHS choices or T.V news programmes – Consider the Academic rigor of the literature and evidence • Ensure all your in text references are cited in alphabetical order in the reference list • Remember if you have more than one resource with the same year and date you need to cite it as NMC (2018a) and NMC (2018b) both in the text and reference list, otherwise the reader cannot identify which resource relates to which point. Appendices • You will have at least 3 appendices 1. Search Table 2. Critiquing Tool/Framework applied to one piece of the identified research papers 3. Action plan identifying the need changes to embed the service improvement plan • Appendices should be recognised within the essay (see appendix A) • Search table – needs to show how literature was found and hits were reduced down to a more manageable amount • Critiquing Tool/Framework – Needs to be applied to one piece of research as an example and demonstration of your knowledge • Action plan – needs to be based on SMART or PDSA and reflect your service improvement idea. Needs to be a step by step approach for implementing the change • If you include a diagram of the change theory you will need to cite a reference underneath the diagram and include it in the reference list Remember, appendices are supportive pages to help explain what you are saying in the main essay. They do not count in the word count and therefore allow you to provide further clarity rather than use the word count up on description.

Conduct a SWOT analysis of the Knowledge Management System specifically within the hospital sector in Wales,

Description

• Task: 1: Provide an organisational profile of the hospital sector in Wales. This should include a brief history of its development to the present day and the main activities it undertakes. • Task 2: Conduct a SWOT analysis of the Knowledge Management System specifically within the hospital sector in Wales, • Task 3: Critically evaluate the four areas of the KMVC and discuss the support systems (HR/IT, etc.) that interact with these. You should discuss relevant theory in this evaluation; • Task 4: Compile a conclusion to the report, outlining the main areas for development in the Knowledge Management System within the hospital sector in Wales, then provide recommendations based on this conclusion.

describe the positive and negative practices employed by either your current or past workplace in their attempt to address diversity and inclusion.

Description

After careful review of the readings for this week, describe the positive and negative practices employed by either your current or past workplace in their attempt to address diversity and inclusion. How was the organization pro-diversity (gender, race, ethnicity, age, disability, religious, etc.)? Or did the organization lack diversity, and if so, explain. What has been the response from your organization to address generational diversity? Identify and cite current research that explains why we should care about the needs of different generations (i.e. millennials, baby boomers)? Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2015). Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill Development (6th Edition).

describe the unethical practices they employed that ultimately led to their failure.

Description

There are many companies in the past that have fallen victim to promoting a negative and toxic organizational culture. Choose one of these companies (Lehman Brothers, WorldCom Freddie Mac, Tyco, Enron, Health South, AIG, or Saytam) and then research their historical failures (citing all sources) to explain the role culture played in their destruction. Also, describe the unethical practices they employed that ultimately led to their failure. Remember to include an open-ended question at the end of your post to further engage the class in discussion. Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2015). Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill Development (6th Edition).

outline the positive and negative aspects of the incident— essentially what was good and bad about the scenario with supporting evidence?

This is a critical reflection of a practice experience that involved ethical dilemmas and legal issues.

Introduction (150 words)

This section not needed

Description (200 words)

This section not needed

Feelings (150 words)

I felt persuading the patient to get treated, this could be classes as coercing their decision (Buka, 2015) but again I would have felt anxious about discharging patient without having seen at hospital (Greaves and Porter, 2007).

Evaluation (300 words)

The key aspect of the evaluation element is to outline the positive and negative aspects of the incident— essentially what was good and bad about the scenario with supporting evidence?

Analysis (approx. 1000 words)

The Analysis is the central element of reflection. As such it is often the longest section— either the largest aspect of any written report, discussion or assignment. Analysis is also the most challenging aspect of any of the critical reflective models since it involves reviewing the specific issues related to the incident in question. Analysis focuses on either your actions and/or the actions of others, and should follow on from the feelings that you identified earlier in the model, but in more depth. Analysis also facilitates the exploration of the individual components of an incident, identifying any existing knowledge, challenging some assumptions or beliefs and exploring any alternatives. At this stage, the critical analysis of relevant knowledge involves examining the relevant existing knowledge, research or literature base this individual incident has raised, particularly when an element of a written report. If we again take the clinical example of the scenario, you might focus on the fact that you were managing the patient autonomously, feeling of helplessness and/or frustration due to patient refusing admission to hospital could be further explored in this section by considering if consent was maintained or no, from the perspective of patient’s legal and ethical rights, to decide her treatment. Exploration of the legal and ethical issues related to consent in such situations would form part of the analysis in this scenario. In analysis, you should take an objective approach and provide the relevant, up-to-date and appropriate evidence, literature or research regarding the specific aspects you are addressing.

Conclusion (100 words)

The Conclusion is just that, a short summary of the scenario, summarising the key points, underlining the highlighted feelings and the associated aspects that you further analysed, very similar to a conclusion in an assignment.

Action Plan (100 words)

The Action Plan focuses on presenting any new knowledge that you gained from this particular scenario. This allows you consider how, if presented with a similar situation and in the light what you now know, how you would manage a similar incident. It is difficult to state definitively how you might address an identical situation, since it could be argued that all situations are different; however, the main aim of the Action Plan is to highlight specific areas or points that have changed as a result of this episode of critical thinking, including any new knowledge or practice.

References

Distinguish between ethical and legal principles and the differences between them.

Tips for completing this assignment

• This is not a case study it is a critical reflection on ethics and law.
• Try to include Law as well as ethics
• Reference primary sources in law if possible.
• Explore other ethical theories as well as Utilitarianism and deontology if possible
• Look at `tensions` within the law! Does tension of law exists in this case?

Consider throughout this assignment and to link with the case

• Informed Consent
• Mental Capacity Act + can refer to the 4 stages of the functional decision-making test.
• Law vs ethics
• Human Rights Act
• Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice and link to the case are four key principles underpinning medical ethics that can impact the way o paramedic performs their duty of care.
• Confidential & Data protection

Topics that could be explored within the assignment include.

• Compare major ethical theories in relation to national Paramedic practice. (Not nursing or other health related profession)
• Legal constraints to Paramedic practice.
• Functions of civil and criminal law at statue and within common law boundaries
• Distinguish between ethical and legal principles and the differences between them.
• Explore your own feelings and consider alternative ethical stances.
• Look at equitable distribution of resources.
• The value of life and the right to live and the right to die.
• Rights and responsibilities of paramedics in demanding clinical settings.

Note to writer,

Reference- Harvard referencing with in-text citation.

Useful source- HCPC, Student scope of practice HCPC, Journal of paramedic practice, NICE guidelines, other peer reviewed journals, all work should be with supported evidence.

To what extent, if any, does increasing excise taxes have on alcohol consumption in OECD countries?

Title:

An analysis of the effects of excise taxes on alcohol consumption in OECD (The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries.

Overview of thesis:

This thesis focuses on the impact that excise taxes have on alcohol consumption, i.e. does increasing the taxes on alcohol goods (excise tax) result in people decreasing their consumption of alcohol, because the price is higher?

This is based on the law of demand, which states that’s as the price of a good goes up, the quantity demanded of a good goes down and people consume less of the good as a result. In this circumstance, we are examining when the price of alcohol goods go up, does consumption of alcohol goods go down?

NB the 2 alcohol categories of goods that will be examined in this thesis are beer and spirits (vodka, gin, etc.). Wine will not be examined as it is generally not associated with excessive levels of consumption. Please disregard wine in any of the journal articles, thank you.

Harvard referencing style. Spacing 1.5. page numbers.

Please use Graphs and tables from the journal articles// papers that are attached if possible

The Structure of the dissertation is a follows:

Abstract (see below) 250 words

Introduction (written at the end) due date 11^th July 1000 words

Background and motivation (identify gaps in the data) 1500 words

Literature review 4000 words

Data and methodology (to be completed by me)

Results (to be completed by me)

Conclusion 250 words

Bibliography

Abstract: This need to be re written in more academic language and improved (additional words)

Excessive alcohol consumption has been a significant contributor to diseases across countries in recent years. Consequently, it has resulted in striking healthcare costs and productivity losses. Economic literature has identified excise taxes as an effective fiscal instrument in addressing the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, which in turn has mitigated the associated health costs and implications. The primary objective of this dissertation is to empirically investigate the effect that excise taxes have on alcohol consumption in OECD nations. Utilising panel data analysis, the relative levels of excise taxes and their subsequent effects on alcohol consumption in OECD nations will be examined.

The Research Question of the thesis is:

To what extent, if any, does increasing excise taxes have on alcohol consumption in OECD

countries?

The Introduction should be written at the end when all the data is pulled together.

Strong introduction to grab the reader

Background and motivation

Function of background and motivation: The background and motivation section should establish the relevance of the study. In other words, why the thesis should be carried out. The background of the study relates the thesis with the prevailing literature and the research gap. It also depicts your motivation for the study

It should indicate your hypothesis and the assumptions with all the background logic.

For this thesis: the assumption is that increasing excise tax rates of alcoholic beverages, results in a decrease in consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Motivation: The importance of this thesis stems from the fact that alcohol is a major contributor to various forms of cancers in nations and results in a number of economic costs to society and has been shown to restrict activity in labour markets (unemployment, illness etc.).

Background: excise tax is an economic instrument that has shown to be effective in addressing the problem of alcohol consumption by reducing consumption. This decrease in consumption is characterised by fewer incidence of alcohol related cancers in countries that have increased excise tax rates on alcohol.

Please use roughly 5 academic journal articles//papers for the background and motivation section

NB Use articles from Group 1 and Group 2 ( See pages 5 and 6 of this word document)

Literature Review:

Function of a literature review: The literature review is an account of what has been published by researchers//scholars

It shows how the prevailing idea fits the thesis and how the thesis agrees or differs from other scholar’s research

It finds topics for future research

It should justify the choice of the chosen research question

Provide background information to understand the topic

Show how this dissertation is consistent with existing economic knowledge and show this dissertation is different

It should broaden the reader’s knowledge on the topic

For this thesis: The efficacy of excise taxes as an economic instrument should be examined using the economic journals attached

The excise tax rates ability to reduce alcohol consumption and subsequent cancer rates should be examined using the health/economics papers attached

Please use at least 10 academic journal articles//papers for the literature review. (10 journal articles for the literature review would be great)

NB Use articles from Group 1 and Group 2 ( See pages 5 and 6 of this word document)

Data And Methodology + Results = 3,500 – 4,000 words

Data and Methodology:

The data and methodology section focuses on panel data analysis using the STATA software. The empirical equation roughly is:

ACt = ETR1 + DI2

Where:

ACt = Alcohol consumption

ACt is the dependent variable and is an excel file (.csv). Alcohol consumption is defined as the annual sale of pure alcohol in litres per person aged 15 years and older

ETR1 = the excise tax rate per country.

ETR1 is an independent variable and is an excel file (.csv). The excise tax rate is defined as the tax rate per hectolitre of alcohol (H/L) levied on beer and spirit(s) based alcoholic goods. I need to clean this data set.

DI2= the disposable income. I am currently trying to find this data.

Note: I am in the process of finding all the necessary data and cleaning the data sets. I will provide you with all of the necessary data sets etc. as soon as possible

Results:

Interpretation of the results of the panel data analysis of the above variables.

Data And Methodology + Results = 3,500 – 4,000 words

Conclusion 250 words approx.

Overview of the attached journal articles:

The attached journal articles are made up of economics, health economics and other health related journal articles. Please let me now if you cannot access the attached articles and I will re-upload//re-send them, thanks.

I have put the attached articles in 2 groups, which may be beneficial for you. Note that group 2 is greater than group 1, due to more literature being published in this group than group 1

Group 1): Economics orientated articles: These articles are more theoretical and focus on the economic theory surrounding excise tax rate(s) : (Price elasticity, cross elasticity, income elasticity)

Group 1 list:

Theory and practice of excise taxation,, Note: I could not attach a copy of this book. However, the DOI//URL can be found using the following link. The section of the book that focuses on the economic theory surrounding excise taxation on alcohol is beneficial, if you can gain access to the book. https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0199278598.001.0001/acprof-9780199278596

Alcohol quantity and quality price elasticity’s: quintile regression estimates

Alcohol use and the wage returns to education and work experience

CHAPTER 7 Excise Taxation and Product Quality Substitution

Tax design in the alcohol market

ESTIMATING THE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND FOR DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Estimation of own and cross price elasticity’s of alcohol demand in the UK—a pseudo-panel approach using the Living Costs and Food Survey 2001–2009

Price and Income Elasticity’s of Demand for Alcoholic Beverages

Group 2): Health economics and other health journals:

These articles focus on studies where the health impacts of alcohol consumption (various forms of cancers)

It also includes studies on the economic impacts of alcohol consumption (economics costs to society: direct costs, indirect costs)

It includes studies where nations increased excise tax rates and saw a decrease in the sales of alcohol, consumption of alcohol and in the number of cancer rates, all of which the efficacy of excise taxes

Group 2 list:

The pass‑through of alcohol excise taxes to prices in OECD countries

What are the Economic Costs to Society Attributable to Alcohol Use? A Systematic Review and Modelling Study

Alcohol accounts for a high proportion of premature mortality in central and Eastern Europe

Alcohol consumption and labour market participation: a prospective cohort study of transitions between work, unemployment, sickness absence, and social benefits

Alcohol taxation, alcohol consumption and cancers in Lithuania: A case study

Alcohol-related male mortality in the context of changing alcohol control policy in Lithuania 2000–2017

Fewer Cancer Cases in 4 Countries of the WHO European Region in 2018 through Increased Alcohol Excise Taxation: A Modelling Study

Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: A population survey of adults in England

Can a policy-induced reduction in alcohol consumption improve health outcomes and stimulate the UK economy? A potential ‘double dividend

Employment impacts of alcohol taxes

Estimated Effects of Different Alcohol Taxation and Price Policies on Health Inequalities: A Mathematical Modelling Study

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ALCOHOL DEMAND: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF PRICES AND TAXES

Social cost-benefit analysis of regulatory policies to reduce alcohol use in The Netherlands

Some points:

The 7,000 word count stated in the order comes from:

Abstract: 250 words

Introduction: 1,000 words

Background and motivation: 1,500 words

Literature review: 4,000 words

Conclusion: 250 words

(( I need to find the all of the relevant data for the data and methodology and results sections and I will submit this as an order at a separate date, if that’s okay. In which case, these sections would amount to 3,500 to 4,000 words)).

NOTE: 30days is stated as the urgency but I can accept things up to the 11^th of July for this order, if that’s okay.

Also if possible, I am wondering when you complete a section if you could send it to me, for example sending the literature review straight after you complete it, thanks.