Pcn 500 week 8 benchmark – major counseling theories comparison paper

Throughout the course, you have studied and written about a number of counseling theories that are used as the basis for the counseling profession. In this paper, choose a theory and compare it against each of the following three theories:

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Solution-focused
Psychoanalysis

Choose a theory that you have studied in this course. Do not choose one of the three theories listed above.
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Compare your selected theory against the three theories listed above.
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Write a 1,500-2,000-word paper discussing your theory comparisons. Include the following in your paper:
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Part 1: Selected Theory

Founding theorist(s) for the selected theory
Standard interventions for the selected theory
At least three main concepts of the selected theory

Part 2: Cognitive Behavior Theory (CBT)

Founding theorist(s) for CBT
Standard interventions for CBT
Similarities and differences between your selected theory and CBT

Part 3: Solution-Focused Theory

Founding theorist(s) for solution-focused theory
Standard interventions for solution-focused theory
Similarities and differences between your selected theory and solution-focused theory

Part 4: Psychoanalysis

Founding theorist(s) for psychoanalysis
Standard interventions for psychoanalysis
Similarities and differences between your selected theory and psychoanalysis

Include at least three scholarly references in your paper in addition to the course textbook.
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Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
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This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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This assignment measures the following competency: Competency 1.1:ÿDemonstrate an understanding of the major counseling theories and principles.

Project 6: global approaches to cybersecurity step 3: project

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In this step, you should continue to explore the scenarios within SIMTRAY, “Cyber Policy for a Small World.” If you have not already, you will most likely encounter the following topics in this exercise: EMP Attack, the role of state actors, and attacks using technologies such as botnets.
Document events that you experience in the exercise that might affect the global cybersecurity policy. Think about threats brought about by new technologies and how these threats are or could be handled by global policy.
The SIMTRAY will provide you with scores to give you a sense on how well you are grasping the concepts. The sections are timed for 30 minutes; however, you can run the SIMTRAY as many times as you need in order to have a firm grasp of the concepts. Compile your recorded scores, lessons learned and documented technologies and policies into a one-page report.

Pcn-520 week 8 brief personal reflection paper

Brief Personal Reflection Paper
Write a personal reflection paper (400-750 words) summarizing the following:

Most significant things you learned about group counseling in this course.
Most significant things you learned about yourself as a potential group leader.
Specific skills and experiences that you believe you need to develop in order to be a competent group counselor, based on your current strengths, weaknesses, and prior experience.
Your areas of greatest confidence and lack of confidence when you think about leading counseling groups.
Types of groups you might enjoy leading in your future career as a counselor.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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Project and discussion | Computer Science homework help

Q1.) Operation security Individual project
Department of Defense (DoD) Readyÿ
Purpose
This course project is intended to assess your ability to identify, design, and organize information technology (IT) security policies.
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
You will be able to develop draft IT security policies for an organization and apply learning constructs from the course.
Required Source Information and Tools
Web References: Links to Web references in this document and related materials are subject to change without prior notice. These links were last verified on June 16, 2014.
The following tools and resources will be needed to complete this project:

Course textbook
Internet access
DoD instructions or directiveshttp://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/
Risk Management Framework (RF) for Department of Defense Information Technology (IT) http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/851001_2014.pdf ÿand ÿhttp://www.rmf.org/images/stories/rmf_documents/850001_2014.pdf
Department of Defense Information Security Programhttp://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/5200-1r/ÿ
Department of Defense Internet Services and Internet-Based Capabilitieshttp://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/855001p.pdf
Department of Defense Proposes New Information Security Requirements for Contractors: http://www.hldataprotection.com/2010/03/articles/cybersecurity-data-breaches/department-of-defense-proposes-new-information-security-requirements-for-contractors/
School/public library (optional)

Deliverables
Scenario
You work for a high-tech company pproximately 390 employees. Your firm recently won a large DoD contract, which will add 30% to the revenue of your organization. It is a high-priority, high-visibility project. You will be allowed to make your own budget, project timeline, and tollgate decisions.
This course project will require you to form a team of 2 to 3 coworkers (fellow students) and develop the proper DoD security policies required to meet DoD standards for delivery of technology services to the U.S. Air Force Cyber Security Center (AFCSC), a DoD agency. To do this, you must develop DoD-approved policies and standards for your IT infrastructure (see the ?Tasks? section below). The policies you create must pass DoD-based requirements. Currently, your organization does not have any DoD contracts and thus has no DoD-compliant security policies or controls in place.
Your firm’s computing environment includes the following:

12 servers running Microsoft Server 2012 R2, providing the following:

Active Directory (AD)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application (Oracle)
A Research and Development (R&D) Engineering network segment for testing, separate from the production environment
Microsoft Exchange Server for e-mail
Symantec e-mail filter
Websense for Internet use

Two Linux servers running Apache Server to host your Web site
390 PCs/laptops running Microsoft Windows 7 or Windows 8, Microsoft Office 2013, Microsoft Visio, Microsoft Project, and Adobe Reader

Tasks
You should:

Create policies that are DoD compliant for the organization?s IT infrastructure.
Develop a list of compliance laws required for DoD contracts.
List controls placed on domains in the IT infrastructure.
List required standards for all devices, categorized by IT domain.
Develop a deployment plan for implementation of these polices, standards, and controls.
List all applicable DoD frameworks in the final delivery document.
Write a professional report that includes all of the above content-related items.

Submission Requirements

Format: Microsoft Word
Citation Style: APA
Length: 5 pages

Q2.) Cryptography Discussionÿ
Write 500 words that respond to the following questions:ÿÿ

Read the (Yahoo Data Leak Article from csoonline.com) online article at https://www.csoonline.com/article/3123496/security/yahoo-s-compromised-records-likely-hidden-within-encrypted-traffic-vendor-says.htmlÿ
Write a 400-600 words summary about what did you understand from it.

Please note:

Be in APA format including your references.
Be 500 words long (not including title and references).
Do not re-state the questions.
Include two sources (i.e. two references).

Q3.) Operation Security Discussion ÿ
Assignment Requirements
Participate in a discussion on the importance of separation of duties for personnel. Discuss examples of roles you would separate and why. For example, an administrator has full administrative server login access, and a network technician has limited administrative access but can view system login details. Payroll has access to employee financial records, but only payroll managers can approve raises.

Module 6 paper | Applied Sciences homework help

Instructions
Provide a summary of the required module readings.ÿ Be sure to discuss and analyze key perspectives from Module 6 readings. Include in your discussion a clear linkage between key perspectives and at least the following learning objective: An understanding of theÿrole and responsibility of the government organization in society.
Paper Requirements:
This paper should be double spaced, size 12, Times New Roman font.ÿ This paper should be at least five pages in length (there are no maximum lengths for papers).ÿ

Module/week 6 -ppol 650 reflective comments 6

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Reading Summary and Reflective Comments
The student will summarize and reflect on the main principles of the assigned readings in Modules/Weeks 1?7. The student must critique ideas in light of a biblical worldview. The summaries must be at least 100?125 words, and the reflections must be at least 150?200 words.
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Textbook Readings

Payne: chs. 11?12
Our Global Neighborhood: Entire Text

Presentation: Security in a New World Part 2
Download OptionDownload this course from iTunes U using the free download option from (http://www.apple.com/itunes/download). The link above will launch iTunes (if installed) and open up your course. Some material from third-party sources, such as copyrighted publisher content, are not available for download.

Multigenerational family therapy | Psychology homework help

ÿYou were introduced to a family in this unit’s video on Bowenian family therapy (linked in Resources). Using this family and session, as well as your text readings on goal development and treatment planning, identify the presenting problem and devise three specific goals for this family based on the information from the demonstration. There should be one goal each addressing the early stage of treatment, the middle stage of treatment, and the latter treatment phases. Be sure to clearly and thoroughly discuss how you arrived at these three goals and how they align with the multigenerational family therapy model.ÿ
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1.Identify which family member you felt most able to connect nd explain why.
2.Identify which family member you felt most reactive to and explain why.
3.Explain your reactions to the way the therapist interacted with the family.
Note what in particular you liked about the way the therapist engaged with the family. How does this style match how you would like to engage with clients?
4.Please choose a dimension of your culture and discuss how your membership and experiences in this particular group influenced your reactions to the therapeutic interactions addressed in the above questions.
5.Choose at least two questions to address using this single dimension of culture. For example, you may examine how your gender influenced to whom you felt most connected in the session and your reactions to the therapist’s style of engagement.
This is an opportunity to demonstrate your willingness to examine how your culture informs your reactions. With that in mind, please refrain from answers such as “I chose the dimension of gender and do not feel it influenced my reactions at all.” This is effectively a nonanswer and does not demonstrate critical thinking or depth of self-exploration.
6.Include any insights gained from the unit articles that address various aspects of culture when using the multigenerational model.
Please go to link to watch video ÿhttps://capella.kanopy.com/video/bowenian-family-therapy or ÿhttps://capella.kanopy.com/ and username is [emailÿprotected] / password is 123456

Need help with essay assignment

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Directions: Write a 5pg. research paper on the following topic. Be persuasive in outlining your criticism/interpretation. One must incorporate 2-3 sources from scholarly journals. You must adhere to MLA guidelines.ÿ

We saw ÿÿÿÿÿthe absurdity that was The Metamorphosis. In what way did this help us understand ÿÿÿÿÿthe narrative? What does this story ÿÿÿÿÿtell us about human compassion? What is existentialism? Given his state, could Gregor had done ÿÿÿÿÿanything differently? Explain.

****I’m attaching a copy of the plot summary about THE METAMORPHOSIS****
***This is my final paper for this class, please let me know if you have any questions***

Need in 20 minutes | Business & Finance homework help

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Quiz
Question 1 (2.5 points)
Saved
1. You bought 100 shares of stock at $20 each. At the end of the year, you received a total of $400 in dividends, and your stock was worth $2,500 total.ÿ What was your total percentage return?
Question 1 options:
A) 20%
B)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 45%
C)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 50%
D)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 90%
E) 10%
Question 2 (2.5 points)
2. Systemic risk does not include
Question 2 options:
A) Labor strike in the oil industry
B)ÿ Inflation
C)ÿ GDP growth rate
D)ÿ Government Debt Burden
E)ÿ All of the above are systemic risk
Question 3 (2.5 points)
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3. The ?total? risk of a stock held in isolation is measured in finance by:
Question 3 options:
A) diversifiable risk.
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿB) Beta risk
C) expected return
D) standard deviation (or variance)
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿE) the market risk premium
Question 4 (2.5 points)
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4. ÿIf the expected return to the market portfolio is 12%, the risk-free rate is 4%, then what is the market risk premiumn?
Question 4 options:
A) 8%
B) 12%
C) 16%
D)ÿ 1%
E)ÿ Not enough information to tell.
Question 5 (2.5 points)
Saved

A stock beta of zero would be expected to have a rate of return equal to

Question 5 options:
A)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ US T-Bill rate
B)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ the market rate
C)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ the S&P 500 rate
D)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ the average Corporate AAA bond rate
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿE)ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿthe average Municipal AAA bond rate
Question 6 (2.5 points)
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6. What is the portfolio beta if 20% of your money is invested in Stock A beta of 2.3, 30% of your money is invested in Stock B beta of 0.7, and 50% of your money is invested in Stock C beta of 1.6?
Question 6 options:
A) 1.47
B) 1.53
C) 1.6
D) 4.6
E) 3.0
Question 7 (2.5 points)
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7. If a stock?s beta is greater than 1 then it means
Question 7 options:
A) The stock has the same risk as the overall market.
B) The stock has more systematic risk than the overall market.
C) The stock has less systematic risk than the overall market.
D) The stock has more unsystematic risk as the overall market.
E) The stock has less unsystematic risk as the overall market.
Question 8 (2.5 points)
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8. Consider the stock of Davidson Company, whose next dividend will be $2.ÿ The dividends will grow at a constant annual rate of 5%, forever.ÿ The required return is a 12% on the company?s stock, what is its price?
Question 8 options:
A) $30
B) $46.54
C) $28.57
D) $10
E) $2
Question 9 (2.5 points)
9. Which of the following statements is false?
Question 9 options:
A) Dividends are not a liability of the firm.
B) Most preferred dividends are cumulative.
C) Preferred stock does not generally carry voting rights.
D) Coupons are not a liability of the firm
E) The US equity markets have been found to be semi-strong efficient.
Question 10 (2.5 points)
10. ÿÿPortfolio diversification reduces risk because of the ______ between assets.
Question 10 options:
A) variance
B) risk premium
C) risk-free rate
D) covariance between assets
E) capital gains yield
Question 11 (2.5 points)
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11.ÿ If the coupon rate is 6%, the YTM is 7.4% then what would be the semi-annual coupon?
Question 11 options:
A) $60
B)ÿ $37
C)ÿ $14
D)ÿ $74
E)ÿ $30
Question 12 (2.5 points)
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A bond pays a coupon of $120.ÿ If the yield to maturity is 15%, then the bond will sell at a ___________.ÿ If the yield to maturity is 13%, then the bond will sell at a __________.

Question 12 options:
A) discount; discount
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿB) premium; premium
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ C) discount; premium
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ D) premium; discount
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿE) par value; premium
Question 13 (2.5 points)
13. If Dell Computer expects to issue a bond that has a yield of 5.8% and the city of Austin is issuing a municipal bond that has a yield of 5%.ÿ What tax bracket must you be in to be indifferent between owning these two bonds?
Question 13 options:
A) 10.16%
B)ÿ 5%
C) 13.79%
D) 0.8%
E) 86.21%
Question 14 (2.5 points)
14. A callable bond held by an investor is riskier than a non-callable bond for the same company with the same maturity, and thus the interest rate is higher on the callable bond.
Question 14 options:
A) True
B) False
C) They are the same rate
Question 15 (2.5 points)
15. Which of the following is false?
Question 15 options:
A) There is an extremely large number of bond issues in themarketplace but generally low daily volume in single issues traded.
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ B) Lower coupon rate bonds have more interest rate risk than higherÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿcoupon bonds.
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿC) Finding the YTM for a bond involves the trial-n-error process.
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿD) Creditors have legal recourse if interest or principal payments areÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ missed.
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ E) ÿZero Coupon bonds sell at par value.
Question 16 (2.5 points)
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16. ÿIf the data shows that the financial market is Strong-form Efficient, then investors cannot make an above average rate of return (abnormal rate of return) consistently by using
Question 16 options:
A.) Inside information
B) Public information
C) Historical information
D) All the above (A) ? (C)
E)ÿ Only (B) and (C)
Question 17 (2.5 points)
17. Which of the following is false?
Question 17 options:
A) Stocks move on the non-surprise component of announcements.
B) The historical risk premium for large company stocks exceeds that for small company stocks.
C) The return distribution for large corporate bonds is bigger than for large corporate stocks.
D) The variance of the portfolio is just the sum weighted variances of the individual stocks in the portfolio.
E) All the above are false.
Question 18 (2.5 points)
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18. If 25% of your money is invested in Stock A 6% expected return, 55% of your money in Stock B expected return of -4%, and 20% of your money is invested in Stock C n expected return of 8%, then what is the expected return for the portfolio?
Question 18 options:
A) 10%
B) 5.3%
C) 0.9%
D) 16%
E)ÿ ÿ9%
Question 19 (2.5 points)
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19. The returns for Tapit.com over the last 3 years are given below.ÿ Assuming no dividends were paid, what was the 3-year ?average? Holding period return for Tapit?ÿ Given the following information:ÿ
ÿÿÿÿÿ Year 1 return = 12%
ÿÿÿÿÿ Year 2 return = – 8%
ÿÿÿÿÿ Year 3 return = – 1%
Question 19 options:
A) 3%
B) 0.665%
C) 6.65%
D) 1%
E) 1.007%
Question 20 (2.5 points)
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20. Suppose the U.S. T-bill rate is 1.2%, the market risk premium is 6.5%, the standard deviation for the stock is 3.18, and the beta for Stock XYZ is 2.8. What is the expected return to the market portfolio?
Question 20 options:
A) 7.7%
B) 5.3%
C) 6.5%
D) 18.2%
E) 3.7%
Question 21 (2.5 points)
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21. Warren Buffett expects a 6% return on Goldman Sack?s preferred stock, and the dividend is expected to be $1.30 every quarter, what is the fair price for this preferred stock per share?
Question 21 options:
A) $43.333
B)ÿ $21.667
C) $86.667
D) $ 1.245
E) None of the above
Question 22 (2.5 points)
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22. If the price for Telsa stock is $44 today, and the dividend next period is $3.50 and the price next period is expected to be $36, what is the dividend yield?
Question 22 options:
A)ÿÿ 18.182%
B) – 18.182%
C)ÿÿÿÿ 7.955%
D)ÿÿÿ 22.22%
E) ÿ– 10.228%
Question 23 (2.5 points)
23. The company TechnoFin.com is not expected to pay a dividend over the next fifteen years and you will hold it for just three years, yet it sells for a positive price. ÿWhy?
Question 23 options:
A) The price is wrong it should sell for zero.
B) Your dividend yield is positive.
C) Your capital appreciation is positive.
D) Your friend that sold it to you said it was worth it, and so it is.
E)ÿ The total return is negative.
Question 24 (2.5 points)
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24. Consider the stock of Trader Joe Inc., whose dividends are expected to be $3 every six months indefinitely.ÿ The market requires an 8% return on the company?s stock, what is its price?
Question 24 options:
A) $ 6.25
B) $46.54
C) $28.57
D) $75.00
E) $225
Question 25 (2.5 points)
Saved
25. Long-term bonds have more interest rate risk than short term bonds.
Question 25 options:
A) True
B) False
C) they have the same risk
Question 26 (2.5 points)
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26. Which of the following is false?
Question 26 options:
A) Risk is the absence of knowledge of the actual outcome of an event before it happens.
B) Risk to an investor in the financial markets is the volatility of the price.
C) The greater the potential reward, the greater the risk.
D) Stocks are traded more than bonds.
E) Most undeveloped countries do not have at least semi-strong efficient capital markets.
Question 27 (2.5 points)
Saved

What is the portfolio weight for Amazon if you invest $4,000 in it, $4,500 in Boeing, $7,000 in Home Depo?

Question 27 options:
A) 0.333
B) 0.400
C) 25
D) 0.258
E) 0.267
Question 28 (2.5 points)

Given the following stocks which can you say is true?

Expected Return ÿÿVariance
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Stock Aÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ8%ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.359
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Stock Bÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ8%ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.597
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Stock Cÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 10%ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.786
Question 28 options:
A) All investors should prefer Stock A to Stock C
B) All investors should prefer Stock B to Stock A
C) All investors should prefer Stock C to Stock B
D) All investors should prefer stock A to Stock B
E) We cannot say any of the above statements.
Question 29 (6 points)
29. Starbucks, Inc. just paid a dividend of $10.45. You expect that dividends will grow by 3 percent for the next year, then you expect dividends will stay flat at $4.70 for eight ÿyears, and then after that dividends grow at1.8% rate indefinitely, what would you be willing to pay for a share of stock if the required return is 6 percent?
Question 29 options:
A) $152.973
B) $105.122
C) $102.661
D) $104.826
E) $153.269
Question 30 (6 points)
30. Suppose you have predicted the following returns for Apple Inc. stock in three possible states of nature.ÿ What is the standard deviation of Apple Stock?
State ÿState Probability Apple Returns
Boomÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0.4ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ4.4%
Normalÿ ÿ ÿ0.2ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 6%
Bustÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ– 2%
Question 30 options:
A)ÿ 2.16
B) 2.9
C) 0.004
D) 0.0004
E) 0.034467
Question 31 (6 points)
Saved

You are thinking of purchasing one of Jittery Joe?s Coffee Shop?s twenty -year bond that has twelve years left to maturity, it has a coupon rate of 5.80 percent and makes quarterly payments.ÿ If the YTM on these bonds is 5.4 percent, what is the current bond price?

Question 31 options:
A) $1,000
B) $1,035.158
C) $509.795
D) $1,048.20
E) $924.019
Question 32 (6 points)
Saved
32. Suppose the U.S. T-bill rate is 0.6%, the market risk premium is 3.3%, the standard deviation for the stock is 2.08, and the beta for Stock XYZ is 1.8.ÿ What is the expected return for Stock XYZ?
Question 32 options:
A) 5.7%
B) 5.94%
C) 6.54%
D) 7.464%
E) 3.3%
Question 33 (6 points)

If you have three stocks, with the following variances and betas, (A) which stock has the most risk; (B) which stock has the most systematic risk; and (C) which stock should have the highest expected return?

Variance ÿBeta
Stock A ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.0045ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 1.9
Stock Bÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.1456 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 2.2
Stock Cÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 0.0023ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ 3.1
Question 33 options:
A) most risk Stock B; most systematic risk Stock C; highest expected return Stock A
B) most risk Stock C; most systematic risk Stock C; highest expected return Stock C
C) most risk Stock B; most systematic risk Stock C; highest expected return Stock C
D) most risk Stock B; most systematic risk Stock A; highest expected return Stock B
E) most risk Stock C; most systematic risk Stock A; highest expected return stock A

Nurs 6501 week 1 chapter 01 cellular biology huether & mccance

ÿChapter 01: Cellular Biology Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? a. A single circular chromosome b. A nucleus c. Free-floating nuclear material d. No organelles The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles. REF: p. 2 2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? a. Metabolic absorption b. Communication c. Secretion d. Respiration The cell?s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances. REF: p. 2 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? a. Mitochondria b. Ribosome c. Nucleolus d. Nucleus Cytoplasm The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell?s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell. REF: p. 2 4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell?s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself? a. Peripheral membrane proteins b. Integral membrane proteins c. Glycoproteins d. Cell adhesion molecules Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float. REF: p. 7 5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? a. Oxygen b. Ribosomes c. Amphipathic lipids d. Ligands Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. REF: p. 9 6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? a. Decreased fibronectin b. Increased collagen c. Decreased elastin d. Increased glycoproteins Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize. REF: p. 10 7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? a. Cell junction b. Gap junction c. Desmosome d. Tight junction Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication. REF: p. 11 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types? a. Paracrine b. Autocrine c. Neurohormonal d. Hormonal Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated local chemical mediator like insulin. 9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a: a. solute. b. substrate. c. receptor. d. ribosome. Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options. REF: p. 16 10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse?s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of: a. GTP b. AMP c. ATP d. GMP When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in muscle contraction. REF: p. 16 11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP? a. Digestion b. Glycolysis c. Oxidation d. Citric acid cycle While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP. REF: p. 16 12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the nurse include? a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport c. S phase, G phase, and M phase d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catabolism. REF: p. 16 13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? a. Electron-transport chain b. Aerobic glycolysis c. Anaerobic glycolysis d. Oxidative phosphorylation When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance. REF: p. 16 14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Hydrostatic pressure d. Active transport Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane. In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient. REF: p. 19 15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes? a. Small lipid-soluble molecules b. Large protein molecules c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP d. Electrically charged molecules Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production. REF: p. 18 16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: a. the concentration of sodium. b. plasma proteins. c. hydrostatic pressure. d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins. Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration of sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient. REF: p. 20 17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring: a. osmolality. b. osmolarity. c. osmotic pressure. d. oncotic pressure. Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration of molecules per weight of water, while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of solution. Osmotic pressure is the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water. Oncotic pressure is from plasma proteins, not body fluids. REF: p. 19 18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing? a. Hydrostatic pressure b. Osmosis c. Diffusion d. Active transport Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25?30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space. Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient. REF: p. 19 19. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? a. By passive electrolyte channels b. By coupled channels c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) d. By diffusion The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active transport. Electrolyte movements require energy and do not move passively, nor are they transported by diffusion. Enzymes, not electrolytes, are passed via coupled channels. REF: p. 21 20. The ion transporter that moves Na and Ca2 simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? a. Biport b. Uniport c. Antiport d. Symport When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport. There is no such term as biport. Uniport refers to the movement of a single molecule. Antiport refers to the movement of molecules in the opposite direction. REF: p. 19, Figure 1-22 21. During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion? a. Endocytosis b. Pinocytosis c. Phagocytosis d. Exocytosis Phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through the formation of large vesicles. Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which fluids and solute molecules are ingested through the formation of small vesicles. Exocytosis occurs when coated pits invaginate and internalize ligand-receptor complexes in coated vesicles. REF: p. 22 22. Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur. What is this cell cycle phase called? a. G1 b. S c. M d. G2 The M phase includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions. The G1 phase includes the period between the M phase and the start of DNA synthesis. The S phase includes synthesis of DNA in the cell nucleus. The G2 phase includes RNA and protein synthesis. REF: pp. 25-26 23. Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. When the threshold is reached, the cell will continue to depolarize with no further stimulation. The sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, causing the membrane potential to reduce to zero and then become positive (depolarization). Sodium is involved in creating the action potential, not potassium. The sodium gate and channel must be open, not closed. The action potential is not affected by a change in the potassium gate. REF: pp. 24-25 24. A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is ?70 mV. The predominant intracellular ion is Na , and the predominant extracellular ion is K . With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential? a. K rushing into the cell b. Na rushing into the cell c. Na rushing out of the cell d. K rushing out of the cell With voltage change, potassium rushes into, not out of, the cell. Sodium movement is not related to this process. REF: pp. 24-25 25. A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the production of: a. platelets. b. epidermal cells. c. connective tissue cells. d. fibroblast cells. Different types of cells require different growth factors; for example, PDGF stimulates the production of connective tissue cells, but not platelets, epidermal cells, or fibroblast cells. REF: p. 27 26. The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as: a. anaphase. b. telophase. c. prophase. d. metaphase. Anaphase begins when the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart. During telophase, a new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of 46 chromosomes, the spindle fibers disappear, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil. During prophase, the first appearance of chromosomes occurs. Metaphase occurs when two centrioles located at opposite poles of the cell pull the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell. REF: p. 26 27. What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development. b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle. c. Restrain cell growth and development. d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development. Cytokines play a major role in the regulation of tissue growth and development but do not restrain it. Cytokines help overcome intracellular braking mechanisms that restrain cell growth and promote cell growth, but they do not provide nutrients. REF: p. 26 28. A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____ columnar epithelium. a. simple b. ciliated simple c. stratified d. pseudostratified ciliated Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in the lungs. Simple columnar epithelium is found from the stomach to the anus. Stratified columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the epiglottis, part of the pharynx, the anus, and the male urethra. Pseudostratified ciliate columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the large ducts of some glands (parotid, salivary), male urethra, respiratory passages, and Eustachian tubes of the ears. REF: p. 30, Table 1-6 29. A student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying a chief function of the nerve cell as: a. sensory interpretation. b. conductivity. c. maintenance of homeostasis. d. communication. Conductivity, not sensory interpretation, homeostasis, or communication, is one of the eight chief functions of nerve cells. REF: p. 2 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. A nurse recalls that the basic types of tissues are: (select all that apply) a. nerve. b. epithelial. c. mucosal. d. connective. e. skeletal. f. muscle. The basic tissue types include nerve, epithelial, connective, and muscle. Mucosal is a type of epithelial cell, while skeletal is a type of connective tissue. REF: p. 27 2. Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. They contain no organelles. b. Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. c. They contain a distinct nucleus. d. They contain histones. e. They contain a cellular membrane. The prokaryotes lack a cellular membrane that encases nuclear material, thus they have no distinct nucleus; organelles and histones are also missing. REF: p. 1ÿ