Military Pilot Trainer Aircraft Review and Design
Aim: The aim of this research is to identify, analyse and study the design of the newest and most advanced jet trainers in the world.
Objectives:
- Identify existing trainer jets around the world.
- Analysing and finding what is needed.
- Write new trainer jet specification to improve all existing.
- Use aircraft design to come up with new concept.
Project summary:
It can be a considerable amount of time to build the requirements and ensure current military aircraft are supported. Given the growing operational demand and some eras of current Air Force training aircraft, new aircraft and ground systems used to train pilots are expected to have capabilities designed to carry out future military missions. It is time to consider how this will affect the ability to do so.
Introduction:
Military training aircrafts are jets that are used for basic and advanced flight training purposes. A jet trainer is a manual airplane or a modification of an existing airplane. With the advent of military jets at the end of World War II, it became very important to have pilots ready to fly this type of aircraft [1]. With the advent of training, various air forces have begun using jet trainers for different training periods. At this point, the pilots selected for war or attack aircraft began training aircraft [2]. Similarly, training aircraft have been used to train weapons, so few trainers have modified them as light attack aircraft. The two seats in the training aircraft are lined with pilots and trainers, usually with the pilot in front and the instructor in the back. The tandem configuration is much closer to a normal workplace than a high – speed jet pilot [3] [4]. Given the cost of training military pilots, the Air force will train gradually to eliminate generally unacceptable candidates. Air force calculations that do not follow a step-by-step training routine are determined not only by money but also by human life [5].
Existing trainer-jets around the world:
Table 1. List of current jet trainers in the world .[6]
| |
Aircraft Name |
Country
of origin |
First
flight |
No
built |
Status |
| 1 |
Aermacchi MB.326 |
Italy |
1957 |
800 |
Active, Limited service |
| 2 |
Aermacchi MB.339 |
Italy |
1976 |
213 |
Active, In-service |
| 3 |
Alenia Aermacchi S-211 |
Italy |
1984 |
58 |
Active, In-service |
| 4 |
Aero L-159 ALCA |
Czech Republic |
1997 |
72 |
Active, In-service |
| 5 |
Aero L-29 Delfin/Maya |
Czech Republic |
1963 |
3600 |
Active, Limited service |
| 6 |
Aero L-39 Albatros |
Czech Republic |
1968 |
+2800 |
Active, In-service |
| 7 |
Aero L-59 Super Albatros |
Czech Republic |
1986 |
67 |
Active, In-service |
| 8 |
SPECAT Jaguar |
British/France |
1969 |
543 |
Active, Limited service |
| 9 |
SOKO G-4 Super Galeb
(Super Seagull) |
Yugoslavia |
1978 |
130 |
Active, Limited service |
| 10 |
Sukhoi Su-20 (Fitter C) |
Soviet Union |
1973 |
156 |
Active, Limited Service |
| 11 |
Sukhoi Su-27 (Flanker) |
Soviet Union |
1985 |
809 |
Active, In-service |
| 12 |
Yakovlev Yak-130 (Mitten) |
Russia |
1996 |
145 |
Active, In-service |
| 13 |
AIDC AT-3 Tz-Chiang |
Taiwan |
1984 |
60 |
Active, In-service |
| 14 |
AIDC F-C K-1 |
Taiwan |
1989 |
131 |
Active, In-service |
| 15 |
AMX International AMX |
Italy |
1984 |
206 |
Active, In-service |
| 16 |
Avioane IAR 99 Soim(Hawk) |
Romania |
1985 |
22 |
Active, In-service |
| 17 |
BAe Hawk |
UK |
1974 |
+1000 |
Active, In-service |
| 18 |
Boeing (MC Donnell Douglas)
T-45 Goshawk |
USA |
1988 |
207 |
Active, In-service |
| 19 |
Boeing-Saab T-X |
USA/Sweden |
2016 |
2 |
In development |
| 20 |
CASA C-101 Aviojet |
Spain |
1977 |
166 |
Active, In-service |
| 21 |
Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet |
France/Germany |
1978 |
480 |
Active, In-service |
| 22 |
Eurofighter Typhoon (EF 2000) |
UK/Germany |
1986 |
570 |
Active, In-service |
| 23 |
FMA IA-63 Pampa (Prairie) |
Argentina |
1984 |
27 |
Active, In-service |
| 24 |
Guizhou (AVIC) JL-9 Shanying
(FTC-2000 Mountain Eagle) |
China |
2003 |
36 |
Active, Limited service |
| 25 |
HAL HJT-16 Kiran (Ray of Light) |
India |
1964 |
203 |
Active, In-service |
| 26 |
HAL HJT-36 Sitara (Star) |
India |
2003 |
6 |
In development |
| 27 |
Hongdu JL-10/L-15 Falcon |
China |
2006 |
24 |
Active, Limited service |
| 28 |
Hongdu JL-8/K-8 Karakorum |
China/Pakistan |
1990 |
525 |
Active, In-service |
| 29 |
KAI T-50/FA-50 Golden Eagle |
South Korea |
2002 |
218 |
Active, In-service |
| 30 |
Kawasaki T-4 |
Japan |
1985 |
212 |
Active, In-service |
| 31 |
KB SAT SR-10 |
Russia |
2015 |
1 |
In development |
| 32 |
Leonardo M-345 |
Italy |
2005 |
2 |
Active, In-service |
| 33 |
Leonardo M-346 Master |
Italy |
2004 |
78 |
Active, In-service |
| 34 |
Mikoyan MIG-29K(Falcrum-D) |
Russia |
1988 |
15 |
Active, Limited service |
| 35 |
Mikoyan MIG-35(Falcrum-F) |
Russia |
2020 |
10 |
In development |
| 36 |
Mikoyan-Gurevich MIG-21 (Fishbed) |
Soviet Union |
1959 |
11496 |
Active, In-service |
| 37 |
Mitsubishi F-15 (Peace Eagle) |
Japan |
1981 |
223 |
Active, In-service |
| 38 |
North American/Boeing T-2 Buckeye |
USA |
1959 |
1146 |
Active, In-service |
| 39 |
North T-38 Talon |
USA |
1959 |
529 |
Active, In-service |
| 40 |
Saab 105 |
Sweden |
1963 |
192 |
Active, Limited service |
| 41 |
Saab JAS 39 Gripen(Griffin) |
Sweden |
1997 |
247 |
Active, In-service |
Analysing and finding what is needed:
From Table.1 I will choose ten most modern jet-trainers and analyse them on the elements of the characteristics such as : length, wingspan, height, wing area, empty weight, loaded weight, max take off weight, powerplant, dry thrust, thrust with afterburner, max speed, range, service ceiling, rate of climb, thrust/weight, stall speed, ferry range, endurance, wing loading, max g limit. As well going through avionics, on board systems, armament I will find what upgradation, changes or improvements are needed. Using that analyse I will write new design specification to improve on all existing. Using design of the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master (Leonardo M-346 Master) I will generate all new latest innovations. At the end I will mention about compliance with EMC, WEEE and ROHS Directives.
References
[1] Blacker, K.J., Hamilton, J., Roush, G., Pettijohn, K.A .and Biggs, A.T., 2019.
Cognitive training for military application: A review of the literature and practical guide.
Journal of Cognitive Enhancement,3 (1),pp.30-51
[2] Brelje, B.J. and Martins, J.R.,2019. Electric, hybrid, and turboelectric fixed-wing aircraft:
A review of concepts, models, and design approaches. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 104,
pp.1-19
[3] da Silva, G.V., Gordon, C.C. and Halpern, M., 2018. Comparison of anthropometry of Brazilian
and US Military population for flight deck design. International Journal of Industrial
Ergonomics, 64,pp.170-177.
[4] Kutilek, P., Volf, P., Hejda, J., Smrcka, P., Adolf, J., Krivanek, V., Lhotska, L., Hana, K.,
Doskocil, R., Kacer, J. and Cicmanec, L., 2019, May. Non-contact Measurements Systems for
Physiological Data Monitoring of Military Pilots During Training on Simulators: Review and
Application. In 2019 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT)
(pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[5] Liem, R.P., 2018. Review of design aspects and challenges of efficient and quiet amphibious
aircraft. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1005,p. 012027).
[6] “Modern Trainer Aircraft”, Militaryfactory,com, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/modern-trainer-aircraft.asp. [Accessed: 29 – Oct – 2020].