discuss the TOEIC writing test in terms of the type of responses and the language that the test format and items would elicit.

Testing and Assessment in ELT 2021-22 Summative Assignments

Write an assignment of 3500 words on one from the five titles below.

Assignment title 1

Based on this sample of a TOEIC writing test, discuss the TOEIC writing test in terms of the type of responses and the language that the test format and items would elicit. Refer to the construct of writing ability that seems to be operationalized in this test, and identify and discuss the most important aspects of validity, reliability, authenticity and practicality raised by this test. Suggest any changes which might make the test more faithful to these principles.

Assignment title 2

Identify and discuss the main challenges faced by the IELTS Listening test in relation to specific aspects of validity, authenticity and reliability. To what extent is this test a better or worse indicator of the listening skills required in the target language context than other large scale tests such as Pearson, TOEFL or TOEIC? Make reference to this IELTS listening test sample

Assignment title 3

What are the main differences between classroom-based assessment and large-scale standardised tests, and how are these differences reflected in the way we consider key concepts of validity, reliability and authenticity. You should provide concrete examples from research studies, and make reference to examples from specific tests, or classroom activities to illustrate your arguments.

Assignment title 4

What is the relationship between the concept of ‘washback’ and the principle of validity in language testing and assessment? Drawing on findings from research, explain how a knowledge of washback is necessary if we want to understand the impact of assessment on learners and test-takers. Give examples from large scale standardized tests and classroom based assessment.

Assignment title 5

You have been asked to design a placement test /diagnostic test for a short pre-sessional programme. A placement test is not a proficiency test- so it is not necessary to test all elements of the curriculum, and you may want to include diagnostic elements that test language use in context. You must give a rationale for the skills and language knowledge that you decide to test, and for any diagnostic elements that you include.

The details of the curriculum and content of the programme are as follows:

Around 60 students are expected on the programme (divided into four groups). Students arrive with a range of IELTS scores (6.5 – 8.0) and already have the requirement to begin degree programmes in a number of different departments on completion of the pre-sessional. Despite the range of scores, however, many students will have very similar IELTS profiles, making it difficult to divide them into four groups. The first morning of the course will be given over to testing- which means up to 3 hours may be available for various tests and assessments.

Task detail

Design your test and include any texts, samples of test items [note that we do not need to see a complete test], rubrics, prompts and marking criteria in appendices. In the main assignment, justify your test design based on testing principles (aspects of validity, reliability, practicality etc.) and research studies. Make sure that you define concepts based on the literature and that you apply them to the context above.

Assignment tips and reminders

Define and explain principles

All these titles require you to define and explain your understanding of the key principles we studied during the module. Ensure definitions and explanations are well supported in the literature.

Use module recommended reading

We have spent time collecting together references in the VLE reading list and often in final pages of each session’s slides. Please do not ignore them! We give credit for wider reading, but ensure this is both relevant and current. It should be on English language testing ideally, and published in recent years. Where key developments in testing related to more dated texts, it is fine to include them (e.g. Messick, 1996/ Bachman and Palmer, 1990).

Use examples from specific tests

Some assignments provide links to sample tests- but the relevant parts of the tests should be included in an appendix. You should also use selected items from these tests in your text to illustrate points you make. For assignment title 5, you create items for your own test, but you may also want to include examples from other tests that you adapt for your purposes.

Structure your work with sections and numbered headings

Create a logical structure to your assignment- with a functional and informative Introduction and Conclusion. Use sections with informative headings (short statements) and remember that a section will normally have several paragraphs within it. Paragraph your work carefully to avoid long rambling text, or short one or two sentence non-paragraphs.

Edit and proof read your work

There is no excuse for sloppy presentation, but even more importantly, your main arguments will be lost if you do not control your grammar, sentence construction, vocabulary and expression. You may want to seek help from a proofreader, but ensure you read and understand the University guidelines for proof reading. If your text is substantially improved by re-writing carried out by a proof reader you may lose marks.

Use sufficient support from the literature and follow APA conventions

You have had plenty of input now on how to use sources and how to make references. Ensure your References [note plural] list follows APA consistently. Ensure you use support from various sources for your ideas. If you are reporting research evidence, give brief details of the studies [setting/participants/ method/ findings].

Use the 7Ps to critically evaluate the current digital marketing mix of your organisation and compare with a key competitor

Coursework Assignment Brief

Background

You have been commissioned to create a digital marketing audit and strategic plan. The board of company directors has decided that digital strategy will lead the whole reorganisation of the company. This represents a major shift in the strategy of the business and the digital presence of the company will need to be changed accordingly. Your digital marketing plan should therefore focus on the broader digital marketing macro-environment; internal and external challenges related to selling online; and the fundamental design principles that can inform strategy formulation.

Requirements:

First, you will need to select an organisation à Spyder Active Sports

The marketing plan must demonstrate evidence of secondary market research, explicit screenshots illustrating digital content and design, and reference to peer-reviewed journal articles. The report should include the following three sections:

• A critical evaluation of your organisation’s current digital presence
• A proposal for redesigning the current website and associated media
• Identification of a series of objectives that the company should pursue in order to achieve commercial success.

STRUCTURE:

• Critical Management Audit (Approximately 750 words)

Drawing on the management audit you conducted throughout the module you should (appendix):

1. Use the 7Ps to critically evaluate the current digital marketing mix of your organisation and compare with a key competitor (pg.1)

• Key competitor : Halley Hansen

1. b) Outline the main macro-environmental factors that will likely affect the organisation over the next year (PESTLE + effects of covid) – pg.33
2. c) Develop an online customer journey map for new and returning customers (put it to the appendix) (pg.3-8,15,16,29-33)

• Strategic web development Proposal (Approximately 1500 Words)

You should:

1. a) Assess the design and usability of your organisation’s web homepage. (pg. 16-19) (critique they don’t have their socials on the website) (There’s no contact details accept the address)
2. b) Evaluate the paid, owned, earned, and social media related to your organisation. Which types should be prioritised? (pg. 2,3, 29-33) à digital marketing audit template
3. c) Examine how your chosen organisation uses search engine optimisation and search marketing. Could it be improved? (pg. 19-29)

• Identification of managerial objectives (Approximately 750 Words)

You should:

1. Identify whether there is an online community associated with your organisation and if it could be improved through modifying the organisation’s social media strategy. Use social network analysis and/or sentiment analysis where possible to support your answer.(p.g 8-14)
2. Explain how web analytics can be used to measure and improve firm performance. Suggest key performance indicators (including specific conversions) that could be used to monitor the customer journey you described in part 1. (pg. 3-5,15,16)

For part a:

-how can we use online discussions relating to the organisation

– Conduct a social network analysis – who is talking about your organisation?

– Conduct a sentiment analysis – how do people feel about your organisation?

– Reflect on how these analyses might inform digital marketing management and strategy)

– What type(s) of social structure are visible?

– Use the categories from the network analysis lecture as a guide. Provide evidence for your arguments using available Twitter data through www.socioviz.net (even if there isn’t anybody talking, take a screenshot to show the examiner you did the research. Reflect on whether the finding is important to your brand or not)

– Describe how you would use this information to inform marketing campaigns. This requires some imagination!

Who is talking about the organisation online?

On which platforms do they do it? Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Trip Advisor, Google Reviews, Amazon, personal blogs? Any others? Do they record and display customer feedback on their own website? How many people talk about the organisation? How often do they do it? Does the organisation try to participate in discussion? Any evidence of campaigns or hashtags that succeeded or failed?

For part b:

-Consider RACE (reach-act-convert-engage) Model

-Consider customer journey mapping

– Check if the organisation is using Google Analytics (Yes they do)

Google Analytics:

Google Analytics can collect a lot of data about how people use a website, including:

• Time of visit, pages visited, and time spent on each page of the webpages
• Referring site details (such as the URI a user came through to arrive at this site)
• Type of web browser
• Type of operating system (OS)
• Network location and IP address.

With some customisation, Google Analytics can also collect additional data which might include:

• Document downloads
• Clicks on links leading to external websites
• Errors when users fill out forms
• Clicks on videos
• Scroll depth
• Interactions with site-specific widgets. Google’s latest version of Google Analytics can be used to track even more stuff — it isn’t limited to websites. It could track:
• App activity
• Telephone conversations
• Point of sale transactions
• RFID or NFC sensor activity

Check to see if your company tracks analytics. It is also useful to understand how web analytics work – so that you can decide upon appropriate KPIs for your chosen company i.e. what do you think they should be measuring.

• Consider the most important characteristics and behaviours of the people that will interact with your campaign.:

Dimensions – qualitative

User – e.g. geography, age, gender

Session – e.g. traffic source, browser, hardware type

Interaction e.g. page title, specific app functionality

Metrics – quantitative

Audience e.g. visitor count

Behaviour e.g. page views / event count

Conversion e.g. conversion rate

• Attribution Strategy

Which attribution strategy approach do you think will be most effective in your campaign?

• Last click
• First click
• Linear

Think about the first instance that people will see your marketing content.

– Can the respondent be converted immediately or is it too early in the information search process to ‘pull the trigger’?

– Does the information search follow an obvious sequence?

– If so, which steps are the most important?

-Write down the objectives for your organisation’s digital marketing

-Identify three conversions that you want to encourage (include dimensions and metrics) -Identify the relevant touchpoints (otherwise known as ‘microconversions’ i.e. what has to happen before the conversions can take place?)

-Write down your conversion attribution strategy. Describe why you have chosen this strategy (1-2 lines).

• Appendix
• Digital marketing audit template:

1) Draw up a list of all of the digital media associated with your chosen organisation. Classify each media format as either paid, owned, earned, or social.

2) When you have a classified list, begin to analyse the purpose of the respective media. What is each one trying to accomplish? Use the 5S distinction to justify your answer.

3) Identify how each media format is involved in customer focus? Use the RACE model to analyse whether the content is actually useful.

4) Identify whether or not permission marketing is present.

– Customer Journey Map Template

Screenshots to use

• Email marketing
• Website evaluation
• Social media evaluation
• Sentiment viz – see next page on how to analyse sentiment viz
• Socio viz
• Google trends
• Backlink
• Google analytics
• Similar Web

The document should:

– Be written in the style of a report

– Include secondary market research

– Provide screenshots of digital content (including real-world evidence of your chosen organisation’s current online presence)

– Make reference to peer-reviewed journal articles.

Marking Criteria

Theories and Concepts (20%) – Identification and understanding of relevant models and theories

Analysis of evidence (30%) – Critical analysis of relevant models and theories

Argument (40%) – Development of a sound and convincing argument. Clear conclusions based on a critical analysis of the business context and possible alternative strategies

Overall presentation /research (10%) – Presentation, grammar and spelling, structure, reading and referencing (range / breadth and accuracy)

How to analyse Sentiment viz screenshots :

Words highlighted in bold blue italics or bold orange italics are the words being used to estimate the sentiment of a tweet. Blue words are evaluated as-is. Orange words are evaluated as though they are negated, for example, “happy” versus “not happy“.

What Am I Seeing?

Tweets are visualized in different ways in each of the tabs at the top of the window.

• Sentiment. Each tweet is shown as a circle positioned by sentiment, an estimate of the emotion contained in the tweet’s text. Unpleasant tweets are drawn as blue circles on the left, and pleasant tweets as green circles on the right. Sedate tweets are drawn as darker circles on the bottom, and active tweets as brighter circles on the top. Hover your mouse over a tweet or click on it to see its text.
• Topics. Tweets about a common topic are grouped into topic clusters. Keywords above a cluster indicate its topic. Tweets that do not belong to a topic are visualized as singletonson the right. Hover your mouse over a tweet or click on it to see its text.
• Heatmap. Pleasure and arousal are used to divide sentiment into a 8×8 grid. The number of tweets that lie within each grid cell are counted and used to color the cell: red for more tweets than average, and blue for fewer tweets than average. White cells contain no tweets. Hover your mouse over a cell to see its tweet count.
• Tag Cloud. Common words from the emotional regions Upset, Happy, Relaxed, and Unhappy are shown. Words that are more frequent are larger. Hover the mouse over a word to see how often it occurred.
• Timeline. Tweets are drawn in a bar chart to show the number of tweets posted at different times. Pleasant tweets are shown in green on the top of the chart, and unpleasant tweets are shown in blue on the bottom. Hover the mouse over a bar to see how many tweets were posted at the given time.
• Map. Tweets are drawn on a map of the world at the location where they were posted. Please notemost Twitter users do not provide their location, so only a few tweets will be shown on the map. Hover your mouse over a tweet or click on it to see its text.
• Affinity. Frequent tweets, people, hashtags, and URLs are drawn in a graph to show important actors in the tweet set, and any relationship or affinity they have to one another. Hover your mouse over a node, or click on a node to see its tweets.
• Narrative. Selecting a anchor tweetof interest from the tweet list displays a time-ordered sequence of tweets that form conversations or narrative threads passing through the anchor tweet. Hover your mouse over a node or click on it to see its text. Hover your mouse over a link to see all threads that pass through the link, or click on it to see the tweets in each thread.
• Tweets. Tweets are listed to show their date, author, pleasure, arousal, and text. You can click on a column’s header to sort by that column.
• How Do You Estimate Sentiment?
• We use a sentiment dictionary to estimate sentiment. We search each tweet for words in the dictionary, then combine the words’ pleasure and arousal ratings to estimate sentiment for the entire tweet. When you hover your mouse over a tweet’s circle to see its text, the words in our dictionary are shown in bold italics. You can click on a tweet’s circle to bring up a dialog that gives even more information.

Secondary sources to use:

• Digital Marketing – book by Dave Chaffey; Fiona Ellis-Chadwick – 2019
• Web 2.0: Conceptual foundations and marketing issues – Efthymios Constantinides & Stefan J Fountain Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice volume 9, pages231-244 (2008)
• Life in the network: the coming age of computational social science by D. Lazer; A. Pentland; L. Adamic; S. Aral; A.-L. Barabasi; D. Brewer; N. Christakis; N. Contractor; J. Fowler; M. Gutmann; T. Jebara; G. King; M. Macy; D. Roy; M. Van Alstyne 2009
• Exogenous cognition and cognitive state theory: The plexus of consumer analytics and decision-making by Andrew Smith; John Harvey; James Goulding; Gavin Smith; Leigh Sparks 2021
• Marketplace Sentimentsin Journal of Consumer Research by Ahir Gopaldas 2014
• eMarketing: The essential guide to marketing in a digital world by Stokes Rob 2018

What are main issues that the client is presenting, and what additional information would you want to find out?

Description

Think about your own personal reaction to the assessment. Imagine that you are a counsellor who has been given this assessment and try to answer the questions below based on the weekly PowerPoints and reading you have done so far, in order to address the following questions: Answer the following questions: 1. What are main issues that the client is presenting, and what additional information would you want to find out? 2. What theoretical approach/es would you choose to follow with the client and critically evaluate your choice. 3. How would you evaluate that the approach/es you follow works for the client? *** The assessment is hypothetical and has been created for the purpose of the assignment*** Weekly materials, the case study and marking rubric is attached in the additional materials – aim for 70% grade maximum word limit – 200

Based on your understanding of diversity in organizations, reflect on the benefits and challenges that a diverse workforce may give to leaders.

Assignment Details Assignment Description You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below. Review the tutorial How to Submit an Individual Project. Assignment Details Infographs are visual pictures of information, knowledge, or data. Infographs present information concisely and clearly. Graphics should help the audience with understanding data or information. Based on your understanding of diversity in organizations, reflect on the benefits and challenges that a diverse workforce may give to leaders. Create an infographic using no less than 7 terms related organizational diversity. Provide a 5­page analysis of the terms that you selected for your infograph. Include the following in your analysis: An examination of each element A discussion about why each item is significant Identification of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of each item and their effect on an organization Submitting your assignment in APA format means, at a minimum, you will need the following: Title page: Remember the running head. The title should be in all capitals. Length: 5 pages minimum Abstract: This is a summary of your paper, not an introduction. Begin writing in third person. Body: This begins on the page following the title page and abstract page and must be double­spaced (be careful not to triple­ or quadruple­space between paragraphs). The typeface should be 12­pt. Times Roman or 12­pt. Courier in regular black type. Do not use color, bold type, or italics, except as required for APA­level headings and references. The deliverable length of the body of your paper for this assignment is 5 pages. In­body academic citations to support your decisions and analysis are required. A variety of academic sources is encouraged. Reference page: References that align with your in­body academic sources are listed on the final page of your paper. The references must be in APA format using appropriate spacing, hanging indent, italics, and uppercase and lowercase usage as appropriate for the type of resource used. Remember, the Reference page is not a bibliography but a further listing of the abbreviated in­body citations used in the paper. Every referenced item must have a corresponding in­body citation. Please submit your assignment. Grading Rubric: Maximum 200 Points Grading Criteria Points Deliverable requirements addressed; understanding of material and presenter’s message and intent are clear  80 points Followed assignment guidelines and criteria 40 pts Yes/Complete Mostly Not at all Overall quality 40 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Scholarly research that supports the writer’s position is properly acknowledged and cited, and direct quotations do not exceed 10% of the word count of the body of the assignment deliverable  50 points Title page, table of contents, tables, exhibits, appendices or reference page included 25 pts Yes Partially Not at all Content is original with less than 35% match 25 pts Yes 36–50% 51% or over Critical thinking: Position is well­justified; logical flow; examples   20 points Position is justified with examples 10 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Presentation flows logically 10 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Structure: Includes introduction and conclusion, proper paragraph formatting, and reads as a polished academic paper or professional presentation, as appropriate for the required assignment deliverable 15 points Includes introduction and conclusion 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Paragraphs are formatted properly 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Reads as polished academic paper or presentation 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Mechanical: No spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors  20 points Spelling and grammar are accurate 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all Punctuation is accurate 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all APA: Deliverable is cited properly according to the APA Publication Manual  15 points References are cited in accordance with APA formatting 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all Reference page is included 5 pts Yes Partially Not at all For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials. Your assignment will be graded in accordance with the following criteria. View the grading rubric. Assignment Reminders: Please submit your assignment. Make sure you submit this assignment by the listed due date. Late deductions will apply for this assignment. Please refer to the Late Submission of Assignment policy. If you need assistance, please view the Troubleshooting tips. 1.  Resave in the proper format per the Assignment Detail instructions, and resubmit. 2.  Submit with a different Web browser. 3.  Submit from a different computer. 4.  Call Technical Support at 877­221­5800, Menu Option 2. They are open 24/7. 5.  If you are still having difficulties after trying steps 1­4, please contact your course instructor. Reading Assignment Management and Diversity: Thematic Approaches: Chapters 5 & 7 Assignment Objectives Analyze current workforce diversity trends, issues and concerns and their impact on the workplace. Other Information There is no additional information to display at this time. Legend Extra Credit View Assignment Rubric Unit 2 ­ Individual Project  Assignment Overview Unit:  Diversity Trends in the Workplace Due Date:  Tue,4/19/22 Grading Type:  Numeric Points Possible:  200 Points Earned:  Deliverable Length:  5 pages minimum Type:  Individual Project Go To: Looking for tutoring? Go to Smarthinking Assignment Details Learning Materials Reading Assignment My Work: Online Deliverables: Submissions 11:17 AM (CT) Assignment Details Assignment Description You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below. Review the tutorial How to Submit an Individual Project. Assignment Details Infographs are visual pictures of information, knowledge, or data. Infographs present information concisely and clearly. Graphics should help the audience with understanding data or information. Based on your understanding of diversity in organizations, reflect on the benefits and challenges that a diverse workforce may give to leaders. Create an infographic using no less than 7 terms related organizational diversity. Provide a 5­page analysis of the terms that you selected for your infograph. Include the following in your analysis: An examination of each element A discussion about why each item is significant Identification of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of each item and their effect on an organization Submitting your assignment in APA format means, at a minimum, you will need the following: Title page: Remember the running head. The title should be in all capitals. Length: 5 pages minimum Abstract: This is a summary of your paper, not an introduction. Begin writing in third person. Body: This begins on the page following the title page and abstract page and must be double­spaced (be careful not to triple­ or quadruple­space between paragraphs). The typeface should be 12­pt. Times Roman or 12­pt. Courier in regular black type. Do not use color, bold type, or italics, except as required for APA­level headings and references. The deliverable length of the body of your paper for this assignment is 5 pages. In­body academic citations to support your decisions and analysis are required. A variety of academic sources is encouraged. Reference page: References that align with your in­body academic sources are listed on the final page of your paper. The references must be in APA format using appropriate spacing, hanging indent, italics, and uppercase and lowercase usage as appropriate for the type of resource used. Remember, the Reference page is not a bibliography but a further listing of the abbreviated in­body citations used in the paper. Every referenced item must have a corresponding in­body citation. Please submit your assignment. Grading Rubric: Maximum 200 Points Grading Criteria Points Deliverable requirements addressed; understanding of material and presenter’s message and intent are clear  80 points Followed assignment guidelines and criteria 40 pts Yes/Complete Mostly Not at all Overall quality 40 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Scholarly research that supports the writer’s position is properly acknowledged and cited, and direct quotations do not exceed 10% of the word count of the body of the assignment deliverable  50 points Title page, table of contents, tables, exhibits, appendices or reference page included 25 pts Yes Partially Not at all Content is original with less than 35% match 25 pts Yes 36–50% 51% or over Critical thinking: Position is well­justified; logical flow; examples   20 points Position is justified with examples 10 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Presentation flows logically 10 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Structure: Includes introduction and conclusion, proper paragraph formatting, and reads as a polished academic paper or professional presentation, as appropriate for the required assignment deliverable 15 points Includes introduction and conclusion 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Paragraphs are formatted properly 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Reads as polished academic paper or presentation 5 pts Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement Mechanical: No spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors  20 points Spelling and grammar are accurate 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all Punctuation is accurate 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all APA: Deliverable is cited properly according to the APA Publication Manual  15 points References are cited in accordance with APA formatting 10 pts Yes Partially Not at all Reference page is included 5 pts Yes Partially Not at all For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials. Your assignment will be graded in accordance with the following criteria. View the grading rubric. Assignment Reminders: Please submit your assignment. Make sure you submit this assignment by the listed due date. Late deductions will apply for this assignment. Please refer to the Late Submission of Assignment policy. If you need assistance, please view the Troubleshooting tips. 1.  Resave in the proper format per the Assignment Detail instructions, and resubmit. 2.  Submit with a different Web browser. 3.  Submit from a different computer. 4.  Call Technical Support at 877­221­5800, Menu Option 2. They are open 24/7. 5.  If you are still having difficulties after trying steps 1­4, please contact your course instructor. Reading Assignment Management and Diversity: Thematic Approaches: Chapters 5 & 7 Assignment Objectives Analyze current workforce diversity trends, issues and concerns and their impact on the workplace.

Identify all the stake-holders and how they are impacted by the ethical issues in the paper

Description

This is the requirement of this paper. Please satisfy all the requirement. Use the following format to identify the problem, the ethical issues, and the stakeholders. Then find alternative solutions, carefully evaluate each alternative, and make a recommendation. 1. Problem statement 2. Identify the ethical issues 3. Identify the stakeholders 4. Identification and evaluation of alternatives a. Alternative 1 i. 2 or more advantages ii. 2 or more disadvantages b. Alternative 2 i. 2 or more advantages  ii. 2 or more disadvantages c. Alternative 3 i. 2 or more advantages ii. 2 or more disadvantages 5. Conclusion and recommendations Provide an overview of a current6 business-related event in the news. For example, an organization accused of doing something unethical or socially irresponsible. Summarize the issue in your own words (heading 1). This section should identify what the problem is that will be resolved in the subsequent sections. This section should be based on facts and information gathered from reliable sources, not your personal opinion or recollection. The last sentence in this section should clearly state who the decision maker is and what their problem is. Your role is to advice the decision-maker in the case so that they can solve the problem. The decision maker can be the CEO, another manager or anyone you choose but it can only be one person (not a group of people). Identify the ethical issues, and explain why you think they are ethical issues (heading 2). Identify all the stake-holders and how they are impacted by the ethical issues in the paper (heading 3). Write alternative approaches to solve the problem using the ethical frameworks posted in Blackboard (heading 4). Different ethical frameworks lead to a different way of solving the problem or improving the situation. I find that when students seek that third or fourth alternative, they make better recommendations. Your will lose points if you have fewer than three alternatives. Evaluate each alternative approach in terms of its advantages and disadvantages. All alternatives should have both advantages and disadvantages. You will lose points if you have fewer than two of each per alternative. This is the most important section in the report. If a student rushes to choose a solution without carefully considering other alternatives and evaluating them carefully, a less than optimal recommendation is often chosen.

What exactly is Hume’s skeptical problem and what is hit skeptical solution?

Topic:

What exactly is Hume’s skeptical problem and what is hit skeptical solution? Ensure that you explain his reasoning in detail.

Description

Using the source text provide exclusively, what exactly is Hume’s skeptical problem and what is hit skeptical solution? Ensure that you explain his reasoning in detail. All claims MUST be reinforced with textual evidence.

How did home care managers’ resilience contribute to the overall care outcomes in residential care homes?

Abstract

Brief background / context to your study.

Overview of research aim / questions.

Overview of methods.

Overview of key findings.

Statement(s) regarding what your study adds to the literature / future directions for research / recommendations for practice.

Key words: Care Managers, Resilience, Strategies, COVID-19, UK

Introduction

Background

COVID-19 has caused significant direct and indirect implications on the health of people in the UK (Franck et al., 2022). Individuals from the most deprived socioeconomic groups have experienced greater adverse health impacts since the pandemic started, whether in terms of a range of chronic conditions, mortality or inability to access quality health care. For instance, a report by The King’s Fund shows that there were 75,000 excess deaths in 2020 and 42,000 excess deaths in 2021 in England and Wales (Raleigh, 2021). Home care providers early on in the pandemic faced significant challenges from the lack of clear guidance, centralisation of policy, stresses for staff, lack of testing and lack of support (Alzheimer’s UK, 2021). Whereas patients in care homes were the most at risk for COVID-19 complications, workers were just as vulnerable and faced an increased risk of death twice that of the general population (Office of National Statistics, 2020). When policy measures (i.e., isolation, face masks, social distancing, washing hands etc.) were initiated (Franck et al., 2022), care homes had to adapt to them by adjusting to staff ratios and PPE procurement, among others (Gordon et al., 2020). From the existing literature surrounding resilience relative to the care home sector, it appears much of the focus surrounds the first wave. Therefore, given that at the time of writing, England and Wales were facing the fourth wave and the introduction of certain measures that had been identified in Marshall et al.’s (2021) work, as well as early critical supportive factors and strategies discussed by Gordon et al. (2020,), this research sought to explore the wider timeline. The aim is to examine the resilience of home care managers during COVID-19.

Literature Review

This section provides a review of literature that has focused on the challenges that residential care homes faced and how they were able to overcome most of these challenges during COVID-19. The section is divided into four three themes around the mean ing of resilience, challenges faced by residential care homes, resilience demonstrated and initiatives that may have supported response efforts. Each of these themes is examined to guide in answering this research question.

Resilience

Pooley and Cohen (2010) defined resilience as the potential to exhibit resourcefulness by using available resources in response. There are other numerous definitions of resilience, but they all suggest the ability to thrive in difficult situations. Based on this definition, care home staff in the UK were able to continue providing care needs for the residents despite the challenges caused by COVID-19 (Marshall et al., 2021). However, although care homes demonstrated exemplary levels of resilience during COVID-19, it may be critical that the various challenges that were specific to care homes are identified.

Challenges Faced by Residential Care Homes during COVID-19

Gordon et al. (2020) argue that care home residents were at an increased risk for COVID-19 due to their age, prevalent frailty, comorbidities, functional dependency and cognitive impairment. Subsequently, these individuals have compromised immune systems or other chronic conditions that increase their risks of dying when they contract COVID-19. Similarly, Marshall et al.’s (2021) statement may correspond to Gordon et al.’s (2020), whereby being in close contact with other home care residents, the risks of COVID-19 infection among both residents and carers were high. Moreover, Marshall et al. (2021) and Dunn et al. (2021) agree that care homes succeeded in protecting residents from COVID-19, especially during the first wave. However, such reports may be contrary to reports by the Office of National Statistics (2020b), where there were more than 30,500 excess deaths of care home residents, whereas 268 deaths of social care workers were reported by June 2020 (Office of National Statistics, 2020a). These counter findings may insinuate the dire situations home care staff faced despite their commitment to providing better care in the pandemic (Grabowski and Mor, 2020). Although each of these studies has revealed unique challenges that were prevalent amongst home care staff, what is evident from them is the potential for such issues to impact the ability of staff to respond to them. Notably, the nature of the impact of these challenges on their health resonates with the meaning of resilience, which is observed to embody persistence and consistency in performance despite adversities.

Resilience in Residential Care Homes during COVID-19

Despite the above challenges, which had significant negative impacts on nurses, residents and care homes, there were components of resilience observed throughout the pandemic (Marshall et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022). For instance, some agencies offered their support to workers by enabling them to have flexible schedules that allowed them family time, while extensive adoption of PPE became requisite for their safety (Marshall et al., 2021). However, significant challenges were also observed in obtaining PPEs, but this did not deter their commitment to providing care to home care residents (Carter, 2020). Furthermore, some policies rolled out by the UK government, such as the adoption of telehealth and other virtual tools, enabled home care staff to provide services devoid of compromising their safety and that of clients (Nicholas et al., 2021). However, Goldfeld et al. (2022) react to Nicholas et al. (2021) claim stating that not all home care agencies could afford some technologies due to reduced funding and constraint on businesses. Whereas care homes throughout the pandemic experienced work intensification, understaffing, or even dangerous work conditions, which proved their resilience despite the challenges, Anderson et al. (2020) argue that outcomes such as severe moral injury and exhaustion cannot be ignored. These reports highlight the fact that while resident care homes demonstrated significant resilience, numerous challenges that derailed their operations also had negative implications on the resilience of staff and homes.

Policy Initiatives in Healthcare during COVID-19

Marshall et al. (2021) explored issues during the first wave of COVID-19, such as adaptations and changes as well as responses and services that providers adopted in the adversities posed by COVID-19. Marshall et al. (2021) reveal that government responses had a counterproductive effect on the ability of home care managers to carry out their role when legislation and policies focused more on protecting patients rather than healthcare providers. Nonetheless, Baskin and Bartlett (2021) note that despite gaps in policies and legislation to protect healthcare workers, the need for resilience amongst care providers has become more important. Baskin and Bartlett’s (2021) comment coincides with Franck et al. (2022), who reveal the potential buffering role of mental resilience on healthcare staff at the frontline during the COVID-19 outbreak. The studies suggest the fundamental role of resilience in times of crisis and attract significant questions about the government’s ignorance of the impacts of COVID-19 on the health of care providers during the first wave of the pandemic. From the findings, it may therefore be crucial to explicate the scope of resilience, especially in the context of COVID-19 in-home care managers.

Rationale

From the above review, it is apparent that an adequate number of studies have examined the numerous challenges that affected resident care homes. In addition, these studies have also noted the significant contribution of the social workers as well as the care homes overall. Nonetheless, most investigations and contentions have not adequately highlighted the contribution of home care managers to the overall resilience observed in resident care homes at the same level as home care nurses. Considering such a gap in the literature, it is fundamental that the resilience of care home managers is identified and examined to understand how such interacted with the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Aims and Questions

This study aims to contextualise a residential care home manager’s perspective on resilience during COVID-19 and the importance of this resilience on their health and the quality of care that residents receive. The study is guided by several aims, as outlined below.

• To identify different challenges that home care managers faced during COVID-19.
• To identify the strategies that home care managers devised for overcoming challenges during COVID-19.
• To contextualise the resilience of home care managers during crises with a specific focus on COVID-19.
• To provide suggestions on what can be done to enhance home care managers’ resilience during emergencies.

Primary Research Question

• How did home care managers’ resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic influence care service outcomes in the UK?

Secondary Research Questions

• In what ways did the home care managers demonstrate resilience during COVID-19?
• What are the different support structures that home care managers receive to support them in responding to crises such as COVID-19?
• How did home care managers’ resilience contribute to the overall care outcomes in residential care homes?

Discuss nursing strategies and evidence-based rationales to manage a patient with acute heart failure

Word Count

There is a word limit of 1000 words. Use your computer to total the number of words used in your assignment. However, do not include the reference list at the end of your assignment in the word count. In-text citations will be included in the additional 10%-word count. If you exceed the word count by 10% (1100 words) the marker will stop marking. Aim of assessment The aim of this assessment is to enable students to: 1. Demonstrate knowledge by analysing the information provided in the case study. 2. Apply the clinical information provided in the case study and describe this clinical information within a pathophysiological and patient focused framework. 3. Discuss nursing strategies and evidence-based rationales to manage a patient with acute heart failure 4. Discuss the pharmacological interventions related to the management of a patient with acute heart failure Details You are to answer all questions related to the case study provided. Your answers must be directly related to the clinical manifestations that your patient presents with. You must submit your work with a minimum of six references from the past 5 years including peer-reviewed journal articles, textbook material or other appropriate evidence-based resources. Case study Mr. Aloha Das is a 68-year-old gentleman presenting to the emergency department at 0400hrs with worsening shortness of breath. Onset 2 days ago and progressively worsening. He also developed wheeze and right sided pleuritic chest pain this morning. Vomited x1, ongoing nausea. Has history of non-compliance with medication and adherence to fluid restriction. Past History Hypertension, Inferior Myocardial Infarction in 2020, Heart Failure, non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy, Permanent Pacemaker inserted 2021, DM Type II, GORD, Osteoarthritis. Current medications: Furosemide 40mg OD, Captopril 6.25 mg TiD, Digoxin 0.125 mg BD, Metformin 500mg TiD, Nexium 40 mg BD. On 1.2 L fluid restriction; Echocardiogram results in 2021- systolic dysfunction, mild mitral valve regurgitation, dilated left atrium and ejection fraction (EF) 33%. Nursing Assessment A. Clear, speaking in short sentences B. RR 28 bpm, SpO2 90% RA, bilateral crackles, diffuse wheeze anteriorly and posteriorly C. HR 120 bpm, peripherally cold, centrally warm, BP 186/108 mmHg, capillary refill<3 sec D. GCS 15 (E4V5M6) PEARL E. Patient looks distressed, diaphoretic, right JVP distension++, bilateral pedal pitting edema 2+ F. No IV fluids in progress G. BGL 14.0mmol/L Plan • Continuous cardiac monitoring • 12 lead ECG • Blood pathology order • Troponin I High Sensitivity • Chest X-Ray • Insert IVC right hand • Furosemide 40mg IV Stat • Echocardiogram Results of Investigations: Chest x- ray: Left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial edema noted by Kerley B lines in the costophrenic angle. ECG: Blood Results: Electrolyte, urea and creatinine: Result Reference Range Sodium 137 mmol/L 135-147 mmol/L Potassium 3.9 mmol/L 3.5-5.2 mmol/L Chloride 105 mmol/L 95-107 mmol/L Urea nitrogen (BUN) 14.0 mmol/L 3.0-8.0 mmol/L Creatinine 147 µmol/L 64 -104 µmol/L Coagulation profile: Result Reference range Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 35 sec 30-45 sec Prothrombin time (PT) 12 sec 10-12 sec Cardiac enzymes: Result Reference range High sensitivity Troponin T 25 ng/L 0-14 ng/L Arterial blood gas analysis Result Reference Range pH 7.30 7.35-7.45 PaO2 75 mmHg 80-100 mmHg PaCO2 37 mmHg 35-45 mmHg HCO3 – 19 mmol/L 22-26 mmol/L SpO2 94% >95% BE -9 mmol/L -2 – +2mmol/L Lactate 4mmol/L 0.5-1.6mmol/L Impression: Exacerbation of Congestive Cardiac Failure and fluid volume overload Question 1 In order to prioritise your nursing actions, you are expected to have a sound understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Explain the pathogenesis and pathophysiology causing the clinical manifestations with which Mr Das presents. Question 2 Choose One high priority nursing intervention that you will perform for Mr Das – Briefly explain why you chose this nursing intervention – Explain how the nursing intervention will alleviate the clinical features of Mr Das using physiological linking – Describe briefly the impact of not performing the intervention Question 3 Mr Das has been prescribed Furosemide 40mg IV Stat and Glyceryl Trinitrate IV Infusion 10 mcg/min starting rate. For both medications explain – The mechanism of action – Why your patient is receiving this medication in relation to his symptoms and diagnosis? – What are the nursing considerations for this medication? – What clinical response you expect? – What continuing clinical observations will you need to undertake? Submission Refer to Section 2.5 of the Learning Guide- General Submission Requirements Submit your assessment through Turnitin Format All assignments are to be typed Typing must be according to the following format: 3 cm left and right margins, double spaced. Font: Arial or Times New Roman Font size: 12pt See further submission requirements below Submission Requirements 1. Electronic copy only. Students are to submit an electronic copy of the assessment. Students are not required to submit the original hard copy of their assessment on campus 2. Submit your assessment electronically through the Turnitin link on the unit vUWS site. 3. Students are to upload the assessment with the following title: Surname_Firstname_assessment title 4. Your assessment must be submitted in .doc, docx format. 5. This assessment is marked online; no paper copy will be accepted. Marks, comments and the marking criteria will be released online. If you do not receive your marked assessment when all others have been returned, it is your responsibility to contact the Unit Coordinator for assistance. Resources: i. There are a number of textbooks and resources available through the Western Sydney University Library that may assist you. Please refer to the unit’s vUWS site for specific unit resources. ii. Assessments listed as individual assessments must be completed independently. Students are advised to refer back to their notes, textbooks or appropriate academic, peer-reviewed resources utilised during unit delivery

How can tools and approaches used to examine the exposome help us determine mechanistic relationships between environmental exposures and health effects?

Description

Guiding question: How can tools and approaches used to examine the exposome help us determine mechanistic relationships between environmental exposures and health effects? Read What is new in the exposome?. Also skim at least one of Use of the “Exposome” in the Practice of Epidemiology or Applying the exposome concept in birth cohort research. Using and appropriately crediting ideas from these articles and the asynchronous content, discuss how incorporating exposome concepts/approaches can affect choices related to each of the following: • Research questions • Exposure definitions and measurement methods • Outcomes • Study populations • Study designs • Timing of studies • Statistical analyses Next, thinking about how we assess mechanistic relationships between environmental exposures and health outcomes, identify at least one advantage, one opportunity, and one challenge in incorporating exposome concepts/approaches for each of the following: • Understanding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of environmental toxicants • The role of biomarkers • Integrating multiple -omics types 4/12/2022 Writers Hub – Freelance Writing https://www.writershub.org/writer/orders/855035#instructions 4/5 • Identifying causal questions and/or well-defined research questions • Describing causal pathways • Identifying and/or assessing interactions among environmental factors Your answers may be presented in tabular and/or narrative format

Write a 600-word press release for your project that shows a story about the success of the project proposal that you have written.

Write a press release of 600 words which demonstrates good practice and skills for producing a useful and engaging celebration of project success that a journalist would be likely to pick up and follow up.

Write a 600-word press release for your project that shows a story about the success of the project proposal that you have written. Remember to include any information about events, media opportunities, contact details and stories about people.

(As a project manager you need to be able to manage a team, monitor your progress, keep your stakeholders supportive, and communicate about the successes you achieve. There are many ways to communicate success, but we will focus on using the local media, and you will be writing a press release as if the project you have been designing has been a success.

A press release is a form of communication with a specific audience and they need clear information about why your news is a story. This week you will think about what impact your planned project might have and find the story within that.

Check you include:

• a headline
• contact information
• your writing explains the story you propose and why it would be a good one to include in the newspaper.

Learning Objectives

1. Be able to find a story and write a press release about the success of the project
2. Understand communication for different audiences

Word limit: 600 words

Think about literacy, tone, language in terms of your press release.