Discuss the sample and the strengths and limitations of the pilot procedure.

Topic: Results and Discussion Section Of Psychometrics On Attitudes Towards Climate Change

Description

I will provide a pdf of a first report I completed on attitude towards climate change. I will also provide results to a survey I issued on attitudes towards climate change. The task for this paper is to strictly complete the results section and discussion section with the information I provided. 1. For the results section you will need to: Report results of the item analyses at each step. Scale internal consistency after item deletion should also be reported. I suggest that you set up a table that looks like one I will provide as a pdf in the results section of “example of a report”. Briefly describe the item analysis in results section. Describe your criteria for removing items and why you stopped removing items. 2. For the discussion section, you will need to: Discuss the results of your item analyses Which items did not relate well to the rest of the Scale? For each poor item, tell me: in your view, why is that (what was wrong with this item)? You should also discuss how you would deal with that item. If rewrite, tell me how you would rewrite it. If the item is not relevant to the rest of the questionnaire and you would take it out, tell me that For the 3 items with the highest correlation, tell me why they worked so well. Finally, tell me about any other changes you would make to the whole scale? Would you add any items? On what topic? Would you change the response scale? Then: 1. Discuss the sample and the strengths and limitations of the pilot procedure. 2. Reliability testing: Discuss each type of reliability and identify which are appropriate for your attitude scale. Also discuss the procedure that you would use to assess them. 3. Validation: Discuss the types of evidence for validity and identify whether each is appropriate for your attitude scale. Tell me why it is or isn’t appropriate. If a given type of evidence is appropriate, tell how you would assess it. The pdf titled “report 1” is the first report I fabricated with information on the topic. The pdf titled “Data_all” is all the data from the survey I conducted that you will write the results section on The pdf titled “example of an a final report” is an example of a final report to give you guidance on what the results section and discussion section should look like and consist of. Please refer to this pdf when writing.

Write academic report, which critically discusses some key principles (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) and practices that have been associated with the exercise.

In the United Kingdom, Since March 2020, there has been a massive Covid data collection and management exercise that has to be carried out by various organisations. Write academic report, which critically discusses some key principles (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) and practices that have been associated with the exercise. Your discussion must be well grounded within the academic literature and official publications by creditable organisations. (2000 words).

 

Please follow this style for your report.

Contents                                                                                                                                                                   Executive Summary( providing a short summary of the whole report, section by section)                                                                                                                                                                                               Introduction (clarifying the topic and outlining the structure of report)                                                                                   Main body divided into thematic headings ( figure and tables can be employed within main body)                                                                                                                                   Conclusions                                                                                                                                                                                              Recommendations                                                                                                                                                                              References

 

 

Recommended Covid data / Materials from an online source.

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/datacollectionchangesduetothepandemicandtheirimpactonestimatingpersonalwellbeing

https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0258484

https://sites.libsyn.com/397223/a-survey-like-no-other-tracking-the-spread-of-covid-19-in-the-general-population

https://theodi.org/

https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/covid-19-data-collection

https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-data-collection-article

https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj.o496

https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/news/data-and-statistics-on-covid-19-impacts-on-the-care-sector/

https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/guiding-principles-in-information-security/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-60873854.amp

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306515

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1841573

https://data.gov.uk/

https://www.computerworld.com/article/3427838/what-is-the-uk-government-s-open-data-strategy.html

https://www.dataiq.co.uk/news/uk-retains-ranking-leader-open-data-initiatives

https://opengovdata.org/

https://www.iso.org/standard/56742.html

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5/information-assurance-ia

https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/interviews/ethics-information-security-i-1199/op-1

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/may/17/social-networking-facebook-privacy-ofcom

https://www.dataiq.co.uk/news/uk-retains-ranking-leader-open-data-initiatives

https://www.computerworld.com/article/3427838/what-is-the-uk-government-s-open-data-strategy.html

https://www.zdnet.com/article/five-security-risks-of-moving-data-in-byod-era/

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/may/19/eric-schmidt-google-privacy

 

 

 

 

Present the evidence both pro and con and follow up how using your ethical theory is the best way to determine whether or not your stance is really ethical

W4 Animal Research reflection Scenario

 

Hello everyone thank you for joining our session on the ethics of animal research because animals share many physiological and genetic similarities with humans medical research that issues animal testing can be tremendously helpful for furthering medical science. But do we have the right to subject animals to the imprisonment pain and suffering that this research often entails? This topic is tricky as opinions range from agreeing with all research as it currently stands to completely outlawing any kind of animal research as unnecessary and unethical. is there a reasonable middle ground? And atmosphere punctuated by extremists on both sides may make animal rights advocates seem like unreasonable obstructionists and likewise may make the medical community look cruel and apathetic with regard to the plight of test animals. The truth and possibly a reasonable solution may lie somewhere between these polls.

Our speakers today are Dr Nguyen I and Dr. Miller. We will begin with Doctor Nguyen.

Dr. Nguyen: thank you I’ll tell you right now that I’m taking the American Medical association’s line on this. There are too many antiscience rights advocates who want to do away with all testing and that is neither practical nor reasonable. A fair percentage of animal testing does either no harm or minimal harm given the potential benefits. why listen to extremists who have no background in science? They want us to do away with extremely valuable work that yields result that saves human lives it’s completely unreasonable.

Dr Miller’s opinion: Too many assumptions, Doctor Nguyen, and backing up the AMA maybe the easiest thing for us to do, given our ties to the industry, but that doesn’t make it ethical default. Many animal rights advocates professing more moderate views exist even in the medical community I should know as I am one of them. And much of the research and testing causes pain and suffering to animals often for products that definitely do not save human lives. Dr. Nguyen we know each other and I know that you have a dog can your dog suffer? would you want your dog subjected to a randomly selected currently legal test?

Dr. Nguyen: No, I would not. If your point is that we can do better, I agree. we can do better if you are advocating better oversight and more humane regulations, I can get behind that but strongly believe that human rights trump animal rights. I also believe that we do save lives with animal research in many cases. That doesn’t mean we ought to endorse inhumane treatment of test subjects or the use of test subjects in non-essential tests, as for shampoos.

Dr. Miller; Good, we need some common ground. I’m not in favor of abolishing all testing-certainly not non harmful testing, and possibly not minimally harmful testing if there is a good chance that such tests will yield results that will save lives. We might also keep in mind some testing potentially saves conspecific lives, even when it doesn’t save human lives, and is therefore not immediately useless on those grounds alone. But if we also agree that animals have rights to life without suffering then we have a long way to go and a lot of changes to make.

We have a question from the audience for you doctor why can’t alternatives such as computer simulations replace tests on animals?

Dr. Nguyen – Many cases they have but computers do have limitations. they are only able to provide models using known data because medical research often seeks answers to unknowns. A computer can’t simulate how a certain cell might interact or react with a new drug. Researchers must study actual living systems to understand the potential benefits and dangers of the treatments being tested. Federal law requires us to evaluate all new drugs devices and procedures in animals before beginning clinical human trials.

We have another question from the audience. doctor Miller how many animals are used in research in the United states?

Dr. Miller – In 2014 government statistics put the number of laboratory animals used in research at 834,453, a 6.4% drop from 2013.

 

 

Reflective Journal Template – Topic Reflection

 

Topic Animal Research Scenario and Reflection

 

What are the key points of contention on this topic?

 

 

 

 

 

 

What side of the argument (stance) do you take on this topic?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What strong points does the other side of this topic have?

 

 

 

 

 

What were the three most important things you took away from the topic?

 

1.

 

2.

 

3.

 

Which ethical theory (of the 6 approved ones ONLY – Kant; Act Utilitarianism; Rule Utilitarianism; Care Ethics; Virtue Ethics; and Social Contract) would you apply to this topic to defend your stance? Explain fully. 250 words

A)   In this reflection you must first define the key terms of the debate and what are the different types

B)    Define and explain the ethical theory you chose (show me you know exactly what the theory is and does – in your own words)

C)    Present the evidence both pro and con and follow up how using your ethical theory is the best way to determine whether or not your stance is really ethical

D)   Conclusion – any final thoughts and opinions would go here

E)    2 to 3 resources as support for your evidence (text book counts as 1)

 

 

Textbook

Pence, E. G. (2021) Medical ethics: Accounts of ground-breaking cases 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discuss the ways in which your chosen firm can out-compete its rivals in this evolving industry.

Strategy – Individual assignment brief

 

Prompt for the Individual Assignment:

 

Choose a firm with which you are familiar.

 

  1. Describe how the industry of your chosen firm is evolving.
  2. Discuss the ways in which your chosen firm can out-compete its rivals in this evolving industry.
  3. Discuss which considerations you would have for managing the firm in global markets.

 

Length: maximum 1,500 words (appendix not included in the word count)

 

Tips for the individual assignment: (Please read)

 

  1. Ensure that you read the question carefully and answer the question. Try to avoid incorporating information which is not directly relevant to answering the question. Remember also that the questions are equally weighted
  2. Remember to integrate the lessons from our Strategy classes, whether they be the cases, examples of the multitude of firms/sectors/countries discussed in class, or from the various reading materials.
  3. Try to utilize some of the theories/models/frameworks discussed in class as a departure point to answer the questions, rather than simply relying on your own personal experiences or intuition.
  4. Feel free to incorporate data from secondary sources to answer the questions.
  5. Please use all available space, but don’t exceed the 1,500-word limit for the three questions in total.
  6. Remember to correctly cite all the sources of information used in your answers. If you do not explicitly cite another author, any text written by others must be reformulated in your own words.

 

Boeing/Airbus – Bring in case studies discussed in class. Provide evidence of class frameworks on strategy. Porter’s 5 forces, Porter’s diamond and so on… (If relevant use frameworks to structure the questions). Bring in secondary data and include in the appendices/references.

 

Frameworks to include:

  • Porter’s Five Forces
  • Market Structure
  • Porter’s Diamond
  • Prisoners’ dilemma – Payoff matrix
  • Learning races
  • PESTLE Analysis
  • And more.

 

Explain what Intellectual Property (IP) rights in a cryptocurrency such as ‘Bitcoin’ may exist

Topic:

This question comprises two parts of equal weighting. Part a: Explain what Intellectual Property (IP) rights in a cryptocurrency such as ‘Bitcoin’ may exist; And Part b: In your opinion, is a Bitcoin ‘property’ for the purposes of the criminal offences of theft, under the Theft Act 1968 and fraud, under the Fraud Act 2006. (N.B. This part will require independent research and reading)

Description

Please suggest appropriate title for above. Marks will be awarded for (a): • Correct identification of the elements of copyright, trademark, design and patent law and issues therein. • Critical commentary about how governments worldwide are approaching this perceived problem; For (b) • Correct identification by independent research of the relevant section(s) of the relevant Act(s) • Expressing a reasoned opinion for or against the argument For both (a) and (b) Explain whether the law is ‘fit for purpose’ in your considered opinion, suggesting any amendment if necessary.

How would you mitigate and remove any roadblocks in the change management process?

Description 6 This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin®. Instructions Submit your assignment here. Make sure you’ve included all the required elements by reviewing the requirements and rubric. Scenario Congratulations! As an HR consultant hired to resolve issues of communication and employee disengagement at the U.S. branch of the Singaporean software solutions organization, you impressed the leadership team. You submitted a change readiness report as Milestone One and highlighted the importance of stakeholders and change implementers. The VP and the management team also appreciated your proactive presentation on employee engagement. Next, you submitted a report on the various change management models and justified your recommendation of one of those models. With each of these submissions, you prepared the VP and the leadership team for your recommended change management plan. It is now time for you to deliver the change management plan to the VP. This document is a significant component of the change management kit you are creating . Prompt Create a report to cover the pre-implementation and implementation phases of the change management plan in the course scenario. Refer to the Case for Change Guide to ensure relevant organizational data is considered. Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

Identify two key stakeholders or sponsor roles for the change process from the Singapore headquarters and the U.S. branch. Refer to the Leaders’ Self-Evaluations document for additional context. Discuss the significance of each stakeholder’s role in gaining buy-in, acceptance, and support for change across departments. How can each stakeholder improve the change initiatives’ likelihood of success (for example, by acting as opinion leaders, connectors, counselors, and journalists)? Identify strategic goals that align with the change management plan and provide rationale. Consider the following in your response: Refer to the Vision, Mission, and Strategic Goals; U.S. Branch Overview; and Leaders’ SelfEvaluations. Ensure there is alignment with the change management plan and the strategic goals of the organization (Singaporean headquarters and U.S. branch). Research emerging trends that could influence employees of the U.S. branch. Explain how improvements to organizational systems can ensure successful and sustained behavioral change. Refer to the Exit Interviews to identify the areas of change. What are the processes, procedures, or policies that need improvement? How will these improvements impact the behavioral change of employees at the U.S. branch? Recommend at least two enhancement strategies for team collaboration. Refer to the Exit Interviews and Leaders’ Self Evaluations to identify the problems of team collaboration. What are the reasons for lack of collaboration between team members across both locations of the organization? How can an individual performer become a team player to improve team collaboration? How should leadership behavior change to build trust? Determine a change management model that can be used at the U.S. branch and provide justification. Based on your evaluation of the challenges that the U.S. branch is currently facing, choose from the following change management models: Kotter’s change management model, Lewin’s change management model, or ADKAR change management model How would you use this model at the U.S. branch? Describe the steps needed to implement the change management model at the U.S. branch. Support your response with research. How would you mitigate and remove any roadblocks in the change management process? What are your plans to deal with the impact of planned and/or unplanned changes and any contingencies? What milestones need to be accomplished for change implementation to succeed? How would you measure the success of your change management plan?

Determine one legal and one ethical issue that could arise and negatively impact the organization’s brand image upon reopening, and provide proactive steps that could be taken now to prevent them.

Description

6 This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin®. Instructions Submit your assignment here. Make sure you’ve included all the required elements by reviewing the requirements and rubric. Overview In Milestone One, you analyzed the brand implications of reopening the park, and you have delivered the analysis report in the form of a presentation. In your role as regional marketing director of one of the theme parks in the southeastern United States, you have been tasked by your CMO with designing a marketing plan to address the marketing and branding needs of reopening the park. You will create a customizable strategic marketing plan template, which you will implement for your own park and share with the other regional directors of marketing. The other directors will implement the same strategy based on the needs and demographics of their respective parks. In this template, you will elaborate on the traditional and digital marketing methods and discuss how these marketing methods are aligned with each other. You will also discuss the crisis management strategies that should be implemented prior to the reopening of parks and perform some analysis of legal and ethical issues, which might have negative impacts on the brand. Prompt Based on the information provided to you, share a completed customizable marketing plan template for the reopening of the individual park. Your template should include the following critical sections with relevant guiding information: Determine two methods to be used for consumer research in developing the marketing plan. Provide rationale. Determine three traditional marketing methods you will use in developing the marketing plan and provide a rationale. Your response should address the following: How will identified methods help in the acquisition of new customers? How will identified methods help in the retention of existing customers? What are the advantages and disadvantages of identified methods? Determine three digital marketing methods you will use in developing the marketing plan and provide a rationale. Your response should address the following: How will identified methods help in the acquisition of new customers? How will identified methods help in the retention of existing customers? What are the advantages and disadvantages of identified methods? Explain how the traditional and digital marketing methods you have selected will work together to optimize the brand. Your response should address the following: Which method do you think could be most impactful in addressing your target audiences? Which method do you think could be most effective in branding? Can both digital and traditional marketing support the brand and growth of the business? Explain the crisis management strategies that should be implemented prior to reopening. Your response should address the following: How can we focus on customer expectations to improve brand damage from the incident? How can we support our employees’ needs in reopening the park? What possible crises could arise relevant to the incident and reopening? Determine one legal and one ethical issue that could arise and negatively impact the organization’s brand image upon reopening, and provide proactive steps that could be taken now to prevent them.

Based on the above data and common-size balance sheet in question 1, please prepare an analysis report covering the following aspects:

Question:

 

Jason is comparing two companies in the information technology industry, Apple and Microsoft, to evaluate their relative financial position as reflected on their balance sheets. The following data are based on the companies’ annual report in 2017.

 

Balance sheet extracts (in millions $)

  Apple Microsoft
Assets: 30 September 2017 30 June 2017
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents 20,289 7,663
Short-term marketable securities 53,892 125,318
Accounts receivables 17,874 19,792
Inventories 4,855 2,181
Vendor non-trade receivables 17,799 0
Other current assets 13,936 4,897
Total current assets 128,645 159,851
Long-term marketable securities 194,714 6,023
Property, plant and equipment, net 33,783 23,734
Goodwill 5,717 35,122
Acquired intangible assets, net 2,298 10,106
Other non-current assets 10,162 6,250
Total assets 375,319 241,086
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER EQUITY    
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 49,049 7,390
Short-term debt 11,977 9,072
Current portion of long-term debt 6,496 1,049
Accrued expenses 25,744 6,634
Deferred revenue 7,548 34,102
Other current liabilities 0 6,280
Total current liabilities 100,814 64,527
Long-term debt 97,207 76,073
Deferred revenue non-current 2,836 10,377
Other non-current liabilities 40,415 17,715
Total liabilities 241,272 168,692
Total shareholders’ equity 134,047 72,394
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 375,319 241,086

Source: Based on data from companies’ annual report

 

Required:

  1. Please transfer the original balance sheet into a common-size balance sheet for both companies;

(25 marks)

  1. Based on the above data and common-size balance sheet in question 1, please prepare an analysis report covering the following aspects:
    1. Brief background of the two companies and IT industry;
    2. Liquidity analysis of the two companies;
    3. Solvency analysis of the two companies;
    4. Accounts receivable analysis: the industry average of accounts receivable is 11.8%, please explain possible reasons for the difference between the two companies and industry average, and provide useful recommendations on accounts receivables management.
    5. Company strategy analysis (e.g., inventories, goodwill, accounts payable and so on)

(75 marks)

 

 

Note:

In terms of the structure of the report, please present your arguments and reflections in a coherent, integrated form composed of full sentences and paragraphs and do NOT use point form. You may wish to choose some useful sub-headings where you can organize your thoughts on similar issues, and do not forget to include an introduction and concluding section.

 

Key/suggested references (the list is not exhaustive)

·      McLaney, E., & Atrill, P. (2020). Accounting and finance: an introduction

·      Elliot, B., and Elliot, J., (2015), Financial Accounting and Reporting, 7th edition, Pearson : London

Please all feel free to cite other references as needed.

 

Word limit:

Your report should be 1,200 words in length (+/- 10%), excluding reference and tables (common-size balance sheet is also excluded from word limit). The report should be written in Microsoft Word and be double-spaced with a font size 12.

 

Referencing style (e.g., Harvard):

Please pay attention to the structure of the essay. Your assignment should include a title page with your name, student number, module number, module title, the report itself, followed by a list of references, which includes the full reference for all articles, books and other sources you have cited in the body of the text.

 

 

 

Submission details:

Please submit via the online link on the module page and include the following information on the front page of your submission:

·      Student ID number

·      Programme of study (e.g., BA Economics)

·      Module (i.e., Introductory Economics)

·      Date

·      The title of your proposed research project

·      Word count

 

 

Marking scheme:

Marking will be in accordance with the general IMS undergraduate marking rubric:

1.     Answer. (Does the coursework address the question/issue or meet the assigned aims and keep on topic? Is there a comprehensive understanding of the topic?)

2.     Structure. (Is the structure clear and material presented in a well argued, coherent and synthesised manner?)

3.     Writing Style. (Is the writing fluent and of a good standard with few errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar?)

4.     Level of Reading. (Is the topic well researched and supported? Is there evidence of using a range of high quality sources?)

5.     Quality of Referencing. (Is the work appropriately sourced? Are the references well formatted and written up accurately and consistently?)

 

 

Any other information:

In submitting coursework online, it must be assumed that you have read and understood the University guidelines about plagiarism. All materials used to prepare this coursework need to be accordingly referenced.

“Increases in Minimum Wages lead to higher Unemployment rates” Discuss arguments both in favour and against this statement based on Microeconomic and/or Macroeconomic theories covered this term, while also presenting empirical evidence in regards to the relationship between institution of minimum wages by governments and unemployment.

Assignment information (e.g., background info, assignment question, further advice):

Assignment Question:

“Increases in Minimum Wages lead to higher Unemployment rates”

Discuss arguments both in favour and against this statement based on Microeconomic and/or Macroeconomic theories covered this term, while also presenting empirical evidence in regards to the relationship between institution of minimum wages by governments and unemployment. Key/suggested references: A) Microeconomics theories A suggested reference list can be found in the reading lists on the VLE for the following weeks: Week 14 (Term 2), while some of the basic concepts of the framework discussed in week 14 requires understanding of the topics and Weeks 11, 12 and 13 (Term 2). B) Macroeconomics theories A suggested reference list can be found in the reading lists on the VLE for the following weeks: Week 17 to 19 (Term 2). Tutorial/Seminar details (e.g., time, room, preparation needed): Tutorials related to the Assignment Question will take place on the 15 th of March. Please prepare in advance and attend your tutorials, as you may ask any questions that relate to the assignment question topic during this time. 2 Word limit: 3000 words Referencing style (e.g., APA, Harvard): Harvard

write a letter (“Advice Letter”) to the client advising on the current position.

Intellectual Property Law – Coursework Assessment Task 2021-22

This document contains your coursework assessment task for the Intellectual Property Law Module. This assessed task will count for 80% of the mark for the Intellectual Property Law Module.

 

Guidance on the Assessment Task was provided on the VLE. Please read this document carefully as there is some additional information, including the Date and Time of the Submission Deadline, and restrictions on the Format that may be used (a single MS WORD Document only).

If you think that there is any conflict between the information on the VLE and in this Assessment Document, the Assessment Document is the one you should follow.

The VLE will allow you to submit multiple copies of your work. However, the University has strict guidelines about what will be marked.

  • If you submit multiple copies of your work and all are submitted BEFORE the assessment deadline we will mark the LAST (most recent) document that you submitted.

 

  • If you submit multiple copies of your work and all are submitted AFTER the assessment deadline we will mark the FIRST (oldest) document that you submitted. You will also be penalised for late submission (see below).

 

  • If you submit multiple copies of your work and some are submitted before the assessment deadline and some after the deadline we will mark the LAST document submitted BEFORE the deadline.

You should always check that you are submitting the correct document for your assessment – it is your responsibility to do this and if you submit an incorrect document you may end up with a mark of zero, as submitting an incorrect document is not grounds for an exceptional circumstances claim.

The time returned on the VLE upload final receipt (that is, the receipt issued by the VLE when a submission has been successfully completed) will be used to determine the time of a submission, and to determine whether a submission is late, with no ‘margin of error’ at all. This is in accordance with University policy (see the YLS Written Statement on assessment, available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-3300777-dt-content-rid-8666770_2/xid-8666770_2)

Detailed instructions on how to upload work are on the VLE, in the assessments folder located in the UG YLS LLB – Programme Site, available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/webapps/blackboard/content/listContentEditable.jsp?content_id=_3767238_1&course_id=_97432_1

Please note that VLE and IT support will not be available outside normal office hours, i.e. after 17:00 and before 9:00 and at weekends.

It is your responsibility to ensure that work is uploaded to the VLE on time; and that means the upload must be completed, not merely begun or in progress, before expiry of the deadline. So you are very strongly advised not to leave submission of work through the VLE until the last moment before the deadline. You should leave enough time for uploading your work to the VLE and a margin of safety in case the VLE is slow or not responding. We recommend a margin of at least 30 minutes before the deadline (see the YLS Written Statement on assessment, available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-3300777-dt-content-rid-8666770_2/xid-8666770_2). Also please remember, the VLE is likely to be particularly busy, and so may be slow or unresponsive, close to submission deadlines.

 

Late Submission

As this is a summative assessment the deadline for submission is strict. All work we mark that was submitted late, without valid exceptional circumstances, will have five percent of the available marks deducted if it is submitted within one hour of the submission deadline and, if later, ten percent of the available marks deducted for each day (or part of each day) that the work is late, up to a total of five days, including weekends and bank holidays. E.g. if work is awarded a mark of 65 out of 100, and the work is over an hour but less than one day late, the final mark is 55. After five days, the work is marked at zero. Note however, the penalty cannot take the mark into a negative result.

 

Exceptional Circumstances

 

Sometimes things happen that seriously impair your performance in an assessment or prevent you from undertaking the assessment at the scheduled time. If these circumstances are exceptional, you may be able to defer an assessment or take it again. If such circumstances do occur, you must seek support and make a claim as soon as possible after the time of the occurrence. Please read the following paragraphs carefully, as the policy on exceptional circumstances has changed.

 

  • What are exceptional circumstances?

 

The circumstances must be exceptional (i.e. serious and unusual) relative to the normal daily challenges that academic study presents, and unpredictable in that you could not reasonably have been expected either to avoid them, or to allow for them in planning the assessment work or preparation. For example, it is recognised that the assessment process itself can cause students to be more anxious or stressed than at other times of the academic year; this should be considered to be one of the normal challenges that academic study presents. This would not be considered as a valid exceptional circumstance unless the impact is serious.

 

You’ll find a list of circumstances that do (and don’t) qualify as exceptional circumstances on pages 2-4 of the Exceptional Circumstances affecting Assessment document. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, some circumstances have been added:

  • Illness with symptoms of Covid-19 (or similar symptoms);
  • Unexpectedly challenging circumstances in a student’s domestic situation that could not reasonably have been anticipated or prevented (e.g. member(s) of their family are ill or self-isolating and they have consequent caring responsibility);
  • Circumstances are such that access to reliable internet and/or required technology (for revision, or reliable submission of assessments) is unexpectedly unavailable during the course of the assessment;
  • Other severe impacts of Covid-19 (such as impact on mental health, interaction with existing disability, etc).

 

Please consult the University and YLS webpages.

 

  • How do I make a claim?

 

There are now two ways to make a claim.

 

Claiming exceptional circumstances through self-certification

 

The Covid-19 pandemic can both disrupt your studies and make it harder to evidence the disruption. Therefore, we allow students who have exceptional circumstances to apply for self-certification. Self-certification claims don’t have to be accompanied by evidence, but you should only be making such a claim if you have a valid exceptional circumstance ground (listed on pages 1-4 of the Exceptional Circumstances affecting Assessment document). By applying for self-certification, you can extend the deadline for coursework by 4 days. If you need a longer extension, you will need to claim exceptional circumstances other than through self-certification and produce evidence (see below).

 

Please note that your application for self-certification may be shared with your PA and other members of YLS staff involved in assessment and welfare support. We reserve the right to take appropriate measures where we have grounds for believing that a student abuses the self-certification procedure.

 

Self-certification claims can only be made before the submission deadline for your coursework (please note that different rules apply for other types of assessments, such as short-turnaround assessments and exams).

 

Please use the Exceptional Circumstances Claim Form to make a self-certification claim.

 

Claiming exceptional circumstances other than through self-certification

 

Self-certification might be unavailable (if you claim after the submission deadline) or insufficient (if your circumstances warrant an extension of more than 4 days). Therefore, you can also make an exceptional circumstances claim other than through self-certification, using the Exceptional Circumstances Claim Form.

 

You should submit the form before the deadline for the assessment if possible, and, in principle, no later than 7 days after the deadline for the work.

 

You may submit this kind of exceptional circumstances claim even if you have applied for self-certification.

 

Unlike the self-certification claim, this claim must be accompanied by evidence. Among others, the following are acceptable forms of evidence:

  • A digital confirmation of a positive COVID-19 test (as evidence for illness);
  • A digital confirmation of a self-isolation requirement (where that isolation is having an unforeseen and direct impact on assessment);
  • Screenshots or photographs indicating a relevant internet connection problem or dysfunctional IT equipment.

 

The evidence should provide direct confirmation of the circumstances, from which it is possible to infer their effect on your ability to engage with work in general, or assessment tasks in particular, made at the time of those circumstances or as soon as possible thereafter. The evidence needs to indicate (or allow us to infer) the period of disruption, including the duration of the impact. If you’re too ill, or suspect yourself to be too contagious, to attend a doctor’s surgery or other support service at the time of your assessments, you should engage with telephone or online services, or contact Student Support Services about telephone or email consultations.

 

While you may submit a claim before the evidence is available, please obtain and provide evidence as soon as possible. In principle, we expect evidence within two weeks of your claim.

 

If you found it impossible or not practicable to obtain independent third-party evidence, please explain why and provide corroborating information. You’ll find more information about evidence on pages 8-10 of the Exceptional Circumstances affecting Assessment document.

 

The above policy on exceptional circumstances applies during the 2021/22 academic year, but may be subject to review.

 

 

 

Word limit

 

4,000 Words

 

For guidance on what is, and what is not, included in the word limit, please look at the agreed YLS Guidelines.

 

Work must be Double-Spaced.

 

Assessments will be marked up to the word limit and marking will cease once the word limit is exceeded, i.e., it will be assessed as if it terminated at the point the word limit is reached. This means that a submission which exceeds the word limit is likely to be marked down on the organisation and application / argument / evaluation assessment criteria, as appropriate. In addition, any material past the set limit will not count towards any demonstration of knowledge.

 

Presentation of your work

Your work must be submitted as one MS WORD document.

 

Your work MUST have a completed coversheet. For this task, you should use the coversheet for anonymous assessments. The blank form of that coversheet is available on the VLE, in the assessments folder located in the UG YLS LLB – Programme Site

 

The coversheet should be completed and attached to your coursework as the first page of the document, so as to form a single MS WORD document that you will submit through the VLE.

 

Your work must NOT have your name on it. Instead, you must ensure that you use your Exam Number to identify your submission. Please write your Exam Number on the coversheet, where indicated, and at the top of the first page of your work, and also (preferably) in a header so it appears on each page of your work. You will find your Exam Number on your student card (it begins with ‘Y’). If you are in any doubt over your number, you should contact the York Law School Undergraduate Administrator.

 

Your work should be formatted and presented in accordance with the agreed YLS Guidelines, which you will find at:

https://vle.york.ac.uk/webapps/blackboard/content/listContentEditable.jsp?content_id=_3623546_1&course_id=_97432_1

 

Referencing

Your work should draw on a range of appropriate sources. You also need to provide a Bibliography of the sources used, in appropriate style. You should use the OSCOLA referencing system to support your work. Here is a link to the full, current OSCOLA referencing handbook.

 

Anonymous Marking

This coursework will be marked anonymously. Accordingly, you should ensure that you use your Exam Number to identify your submission. (Please do not put your name anywhere on your submission). You will find your Exam Number on your student card (it begins with ‘Y’). If you are in any doubt over your number, you should contact the York Law School Undergraduate Administrator.

 

Academic Misconduct

You must ensure that you understand and comply with the University’s rules regarding plagiarism and other academic misconduct (the Guide to this is available at: http://www.york.ac.uk/about/departments/support-and-admin/registry-services/academic-misconduct/).

 

Learning outcomes

This assessment is intended to assess the achievement of the Module Learning Outcomes:

 

  1. An understanding of the role of confidentiality, patents, copyright, and design rights in the protection of ideas and their expression;

 

  1. An understanding of the role of trade marks and the law of passing-off in the protection of business goodwill and brands;

 

  1. An understanding of the territorial nature of the intellectual property system, the international mechanisms used to address this, and the concept of exhaustion of rights;

 

  1. The ability to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different intellectual property rights for the protection of a variety of commercial products;

 

  1. The ability to advise clients on how intellectual property rights can, and cannot be, used to promote or finance a business, or to protect an individual’s creative effort;

 

  1. The ability to apply the knowledge and techniques developed in the module in different contexts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE TASK:

 

Client Advice Letters.

 

The Case Study is divided into eight parts (Case Study Parts I to VIII) – each Part being dealt with at the relevant PBL session according to the timetable set out in the Module Guide.

 

You will assume the role of the intellectual property specialist solicitor acting for the main protagonist (or as appropriate, his company) in the Case Study. Imagine that in relation to each Case Study Part, that solicitor (you) is requested to write a letter (“Advice Letter”) to the client advising on the current position.

 

You will be required to submit three Advice Letters:

 

  1. one Advice Letter chosen from either Case Study Parts I, II or III;

 

  1. one Advice Letter chosen from either Case Study Parts IV, V, VI or VII; and

 

  1. an Advice Letter relating to Case Study Part VIII.

 

The Word Limit for the total of three Advice Letters is 4,000 words.

 

Please treat these as real client letters – they will be assessed on that basis. Each Advice Letter should be written as if it is a formal letter and dated on the next working day after the last date mentioned in the relevant Case Study Part (or as otherwise advised by the Module Leader).

 

Please use addresses (fabricated for both your firm and the client) in the letter – these do count toward the word limit. You may want to use a firm logo. You can fabricate a name for yourself as the solicitor – don’t use your real name for obvious reasons. Please could I kindly ask for none of the following: Harvey Specter, Jessica Pearson, Louis Litt, Mike Ross or, especially, Rachel Zane.

 

Please mark the letters Advice Letter I to VIII at the top of the Letter, as appropriate.

 

If you are writing Letter VI – you may cut and paste the Trade Marks Search Table (provided as Annex 1 to Part VI). Please assume that this is correct. This table does not count toward the word count.

 

The Advice Letters should seek, where appropriate, to describe the legal problem(s), the potential legal solution(s), and the commercially realistic options available to the client. The client should be treated as a well-educated (but not legally trained) individual who is interested to know why he needs to take certain actions, as well as what his commercial options are.

 

Although most lay clients would not necessarily wish to see authorities in letters addressed to them, for the purposes of this assessment please use footnotes to give authority to the points you make (please also see the guidance above and below re Word Limits) and use OSCOLA citation style (as mentioned above). Explanations of the fact pattern and/or ratio of a cited case may be used in the body of the letter where you think it appropriate to give a strong message to the client.

 

Some solicitors will use a client letter in part to reiterate the fact pattern communicated to them and establish that the solicitor has understood it correctly. Although this is good practice in many situations (and is, I believe, the approach followed in the Clinic Module), due to word limit constraints you are not required in your Advice Letter to fully reiterate the fact pattern of the PBL Case Study. You will be assessed on the quality of your advice – you should therefore keep any reiteration of the fact pattern to a minimum and repeat factual elements only to the extent that you consider they are reasonably required to ensure that the client understands to what your advice relates.

 

Although there will be areas of focus in each of the PBL sessions, the Case Study Parts have (very deliberately) not been rigidly partitioned into the specific areas of intellectual property law. Therefore different elements of intellectual property law will appear (and sometimes reappear) throughout the Case Study where appropriate. It is common in practice for a situation to require an appreciation and application of many different intellectual property rights and this combined/parallel approach is intended to allow for a more realistic introduction of problems into the Case Study and an opportunity to recreate more realistic Advice Letters. Therefore, although you will be submitting only three Advice Letters, you will (as you would in practice) need to develop a thorough understanding of the entire fact pattern as it develops, as this will influence your ongoing advice.

 

END OF TASK