Discuss the following theories that underpin academic literature on corporate governance: agency theory, stewardship theory and stakeholder theory.

Description
1. Discuss the following theories that underpin academic literature on corporate governance: agency theory, stewardship theory and stakeholder theory. Critically evaluate these theories with their strengths and weaknesses. State which theory, in your opinion, best explains the governance mechanism of the two companies you selected. 30% LO2 2. Compare and contrast the governance structure of the two companies you have selected 20% LO4 3. For your chosen companies, discuss whether the companies have fulfilled their legal requirements (focus on reporting requirements and recommendations set out in the Guidance on Risk Management, Internal Control and Related Financial and Business Reporting – 2014) 20% LO1-4 4. For your chosen companies, compare and contrast the directors’ remuneration strategy (with reference to the relationship between pay and performance) 20% LO1-4 5. Presentation and use of appropriate references 10% LO1-4

Analyse a project in order to produce an effective solution and evaluate the management of the project with regard to future development of skills

Assignment Brief

 

Unit title Project Management in Business
Assignment type Individual End of Project Review Report
Weighting of assignment 80%
Size or length of assessment 3000 Words
Unit learning outcomes 1.     An appreciation of a range of project management techniques, and the ability of providing appropriate client project management solutions.

2.     Analyse a project in order to produce an effective solution and evaluate the management of the project with regard to future development of skills

 

 

This is an individual report where you are required to review your group project and should include the following:

 

  • Review of Project Objectives
  • Project Evidence
  • Product and Quality Review
  • Review of Lessons Learnt from the Project
  • Reflection on what you have Learnt about Working in a Group
  • Reflection on Individual Learning

 

The report should apply a good standard business report format and contain the elements indicated in the Assessment Criteria.

What do You need to do to pass? (Threshold Expectations from UIF)

Produce a portfolio which justifies the approach taken, encapsulates your work on the given project including your review and reflection of the results obtained from the project using appropriate theory and observation.

Teaching sessions introduce students to the tools and techniques that are used within project management and students are then able to apply these tools in to plan projects. These tools and techniques include Project Scope and Product Management, Time Management, Stakeholder Management, Risk Management and Quality management.

 

Assessment criteria

Review of Project Objectives (20%) A strong set of objectives are given and these are compared well with what was actually achieved with good explanations given. Any differences are explained well using appropriate theory.
Project Evidence (10%) Client letter or receipt acknowledges project contribution.

Photo and/or Video evidence suggests that the quality of the project was high.

Other evidence is provided to support achievement of objectives and project quality
Product and Quality Review (10%) At least 5 products and/or sub-products evaluated well for effectiveness.

The procedures used to ensure quality are well described.

Assumptions and factors that may have affected the time taken to produce main products and sub-products are well explained.

Potential improvements to the production processes are described.
Review of Lessons Learnt from the Project (20%) Several insightful lessons learnt are explained and several strong recommendations for future projects are justified.
Reflection on what you have Learnt about Working in a Group (15%) Excellent reflection on Group work

 

1.          Appraisal of your own and others’ motivation in the light of a range of theoretical perspectives.

 

2.          Consideration of interpersonal skills of effective listening, negotiating and persuasion

 

Consideration of the concepts of group dynamics and team roles as applied to working in small groups
Reflection on Individual Learning (15%) Student describes well what they have learnt wrt.

•  “Hard” skills such as Prince 2 and Project Management tools and techniques

•  “Soft” skills such as Group-working or Leadership.

Transferrable skills such as presenting or research
Quality of Report Presentation (10%) Executive Summary, Introduction and Conclusions sections all done well.

Business report format of writing followed.

 

Excellent presentation of work. Good grammar, no spelling mistakes. Well expressed and good readability.

 

evaluate the content of three different social media influencers and compare and contrast what they say about their topic and what the research says.

Topic: Evaluating the Content of Social Media Influencers

Description
Throughout social media websites and apps, there are individuals who create content about various aspects of human development such as physical health, nutrition, parenting, emotional wellbeing, and so much more. On Instagram, some popular examples are @takingcarababies, @biglittlefeelings, and @milestones.and.motherhood. Some of these individuals are professionally qualified to discuss these topics; they earned degrees, licenses, and work in the field. Others are not qualified and make claims based on personal experience and anecdotal evidence. For this paper assignment, you will evaluate the content of three different social media influencers and compare and contrast what they say about their topic and what the research says. To be successful on this assignment, do the following: Find three social media influencers who create content about an aspect of human development. To be considered an “influencer” they must have over 100,000 followers and post content to FaceBook, Instagram, or TikTok regularly. Make sure to provide their social media handle. Evaluate each influencers content over the past two weeks. Provide links and/or screenshots of stories, captions, and other content to use throughout your paper. Then answer the following questions: o What aspect of human development does this person post about? o Are they qualified in any way to post about this subject? If so, what makes them qualified?  o Pick two specific posts over the past two weeks for each influencer and evaluate the accuracy of the information they provided to their followers? Is it correct, is it complete? Use peer-reviewed research articles to help support your evaluation.

analyze the artwork within the context of the artist’s life and their personal situation.

3 pages + well-structured + cited references
Description
Now that you’ve picked your artist from those we’ve already discussed, examine the life of the artist, and chose 3 of their artworks to describe, discuss, & analyze. (Submit as a Word.doc) The structure of your paper should be as follows: first, an introduction to your artist. For example, if you were writing on Wolfli, note the initial reaction you received from this artist’s work and begin there to explore his/her life and career. For example, if you were drawn to the artist’s use of color or subject matter, begin with that observation (for 1-2 paragraphs). (Do not start paper with, “Wolfli was born on July 4 in Paris.” You will fail if you start your paper like that.) Also on the first page, give a short (1-2 paragraph) biographical overview of the artist, noting their background history, situation, and why they are considered an “outsider artist.” Lastly, chose 3 different images to describe, discuss, and analyze. You can chose an early, middle, and late artwork, for example, to show how the artist’s style changed/developed, or stayed the same. And for the next 3 pages, include the images (they should no more than 3 inches in width & height), with title, date, medium & dimensions (if available) under the image. For each artwork, first describe the artwork in your own words: what are we looking at? the formal elements, colors, style? Next, state what the artwork is about and why it is typical (or atypical) of their style. And then, analyze the artwork within the context of the artist’s life and their personal situation. Finally, state your own opinion about each work, based on what you’ve learned about the artist,  his/her style and history. The last page of your paper should be your bibliography (4 sources) for a total of 5 pages.

Evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of an initiative that has been implemented in the UK to reduce the impact of a major threat to the public health and well-being

Description
A 1500-word coursework on Obesity
Evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of an initiative that has been implemented in the UK to reduce the impact of a major threat to the public health and well-being. 1). Identify a public health related issue (diabetes) 2). Demonstrates awareness of the key health protection challenges, interventions and infrastructure for individual and population health protection in the UK. 3). Use appropriate methods of health protection surveillance for individuals, groups and populations. 4). Apply key indicators from the Public Health England fingertips Health Protection module, at geographical and population group level

Has Social Media made a change to fan engagement in the English Premier League

Investigating Social Media in Football: Has Social Media made a change to fan engagement in the English Premier League

Social media and the Internet is becoming a norm where the growth has been directly aimed around people and how they interact in relation with football, the sport has always generated a big fan base throughout communities like a sub-culture. This dissertation researches how the changing relationship between supporters and football in the Premier League team affects with social media. In order to understand this further, this study first aims to explore the relevant literature and critical evaluations to the topic including relationship between football and the media and the usage and impacts of socio-technology

 

 

Example:

https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10369/8337/2810_Sam_Chung_Sam_Chung_Dissertation_108005_828162285.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

 

Please check other documents for guidance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summarise the stages of the research process and compare different data collection methods.

Using information in HR (UIN) assessment brief

 

CIPD learning outcomes and assessment criteria

 

The following table sets out the CIPD learning outcomes and associated assessment criteria:

 

Learning outcomes

The learner will:

 Assessment criteria

The learner can:
1      Understand the research process and different research approaches.

 

 1.1        Summarise the stages of the research process and compare different data collection methods.
2      Be able to conduct a critical review of information sources in an area of HR/business practice and analyse the findings. 2.1        Identify an area of HR practice for investigation.
2.2        Conduct a critical review of different information sources relevant to the chosen area of HR/business practice.
3      Be able to draw meaningful conclusions and evaluate options for change.

 

 3.1       Draw meaningful conclusions from the review and make justified recommendations for improvements in practice.
4      Know how to deliver clear, business-focused reports on an HR issue.

 

 4.1       Formulate a business report for identified stakeholders that includes an appropriate mix of diagrammatic and narrative formats.

 

Assessment activity

 

HR research project report

 

Writing this research project report will allow you to demonstrate all of the assessment criteria for UIN. Your word count for the report is 3250 words (+/- 10%). You must submit assessment activity 1 on the document UIN assessment template.

 

Your briefing document should include a list of cited references along with a bibliography of sources consulted but not specifically mentioned.

 

Your references and bibliography as well as all the grey highlighted words in your template are excluded from your word count.

 

 

 

 

You are required to plan and undertake a research project for an organisation of your choice that you are familiar with and create a report. Your response should include:

 

Context

  • A description of the research project and issue under investigation with justification for your choice. (2.1)

 

Planning

  • Identification of the at least three key stakeholders and why and how they might be interested in or affected by this study. (4.1)
  • Specify at least two key methods of collecting the relevant primary data for your chosen project and their relative strengths and weaknesses. (1.1, 2.2)
  • Specify at least two key sources of secondary research and evaluate their contribution to the study. (1.1, 2.2)
  • Create a project plan for conducting the research setting out the key stages of the research process. (1.1)

 

Research activity and findings

  • Choose one primary research activity you have planned and conduct the research.
  • Write your findings report setting out:
  • In brief what research activity you did and why
  • Your research findings – presented appropriately for your stakeholders using two or more diagrammatic formats along with your commentary (4.1)
  • Your conclusions (3.1)
  • Your recommendations for change to the project stakeholders (3.1)

 

 

  • Start thinking of your choice of topic early on; discuss your ideas with your manager and your DPG facilitator to check that the topic and scope of your research proposal will meet the assessment requirements.
  • If you are not working in an organisation, you can base your research around City College. Familiarise yourself with them on the LMS to identify a problem and then choose your related research proposal.
  • Please use the ‘UIN assessment template’ to submit your report. You can adapt the template to include your organisation’s logo/house style etc. but you should keep to the format as this will help ensure you include all the key elements.
  • You may present the project plan element of this assessment activity as a diagram such as a Gantt chart if you wish.
  • Remember references to back up your findings are expected.
  • There are a lot of elements to include in this assessment, so be sure to check you have provided evidence for all the assessment criteria before you finalise your work.

 

 

analyse the impact of UEFA Financial Fair Play rules on the English premier league clubs.
4. Title

 

Effectiveness of financial regulation in football

 
5. Aim

What is the aim of the study? (There should only be one Aim)

 
 

To analyse the impact of UEFA Financial Fair Play rules on the English premier league clubs.
6. Objectives

What are the objectives of your study?

(There should be 3 or 4 objectives )

 
 

1. To examine the literature regarding financial regulation in football to establish the successes and failures of the available financial rules in football. (To be completed by June)

2. To collect managers’, players’, club owners’, and fans’ perspectives on the successes and failures of UEFA Financial Fair Play rules on English premier league clubs by completing focus groups and questionnaire. (To be completed by July)

3. To critically analyse the data collected from primary research against the literature and record the impacts on football stakeholders due to the findings. (To be completed by August)

4. To evaluate the overall project and appropriately conclude whether financial regulation in football is effective and outline necessary recommendations for relevant stakeholders to improve UEFA Financial Fair Play rules. (To be completed by September)

 

7. Rationale

What is the rationale for your study? (Approximately 300 words)
 

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of financial regulations in football and uncover the implications and impacts that are caused as a result. Financial distress is a major concern for stakeholders in European football. The Union of European Football Association (UEFA) introduced Financial Fair Play as an attempt to solve or reduce the state of financial distress facing European football (Scelles et al., 2020). According to Florbela et al. (2020), the primary aim of Financial Fair Play rules is to forcefully direct football clubs against spending more than their earnings between an agreeable deviations to ultimately eliminate financial distress in the clubs. The rules under Financial Fair Play emphasize reducing player expenditure (Ghio et al., 2019). The above assertions indicate that financial regulation is a critical aspect of modern football, hence the need for football stakeholders to continuously assess its effectiveness in realizing its main agenda, reducing financial distress.

 

However, it is integral to note that Financial Fair Play is a relatively under-explored concept in the academic literature because UEFA introduced it in 2010. Most of the existing literature during the early years of the concept was mainly theoretical and predictive (Walters and Hamil, 2013; Barajas and Rodríguez, 2014; Muller et al., 2012). However, there has been a rapid rise in empirical studies and evidence on Financial Fair Play in the past three years (Alaminos and Fernández, 2019; Florbela et al., 2020; Andreff, 2018). This implies that the inadequate literature on the successes and failures of Financial Fair Play 12 years after its implementation creates a dire need for the current study. The study will compare the findings to the aims of Financial Fair Play to determine its effectiveness, which will help UEFA amend its financial regulation, which shows this study’s practical relevance.

 

Word count: 298

 

8. Literature Review

Brief review of relevant literature (Approximately 600 words) with a minimum of 6 key publications cited. (Critically evaluate recent and relevant research that has addressed similar issues to those covered in your objectives)

 
 

In recent years, revenues in European football have significantly increased. For example, Ahtiainen and Jarva (2020) highlight that 2010 marked an increase in total revenues for European football clubs up to €13.2 billion. Most recently, Gallagher and Quinn (2020) reported that European football; clubs in 2018 recorded total revenue of €28.4 billion. Additionally, Ghio et al. (2019) study reported that the total revenue earned by English football increased by 900% from 1992 to 2007. However, European football still faces massive financial distress. Scelles et al. (2020) reported that since its inception, English football had never recorded a pre-tax profit until 2010. It is, therefore, prudent to evaluate studies on the impact of financial regulation in the modern European football

 

Overinvestment in football players remains an issue in European football and more so for English football. A study by Florbela et al. (2020) revealed that European football clubs are under pressure to maximize their wins hence spending beyond their budget limits to buy players with huge transfer fees and tie them to lucrative salaries to get better performances. However, Plumley et al. (2017) argue that no football club can win without inflicting failure on its opponent, which pressures clubs to inject heavy investments to boost their performance. Similarly, Dimitropoulos (2016) asserts that the problem with European football clubs is that they are all involved in a gamble for better performance to attract higher revenues. The consequence of the above situation is an increased demand for high-profile football players. The findings from the three studies above create the need for more research on the impact of financial regulation on overinvestment in football.

 

UEFA introduced financial regulations under the Financial Fair play (FFP) on 1 June 2010 to enhance UEFA’s club licencing system. Initially, the UEFA had an intention to introduce a salary cap for football players in European competitions as an additional financial regulation, but it failed (Gallagher and Quinn, 2020). According to Fitzpatrick (2015), the UEFA implemented FFP because the financial condition of European football clubs was deteriorating on an annual basis. Similarly, Alaminos and Fernández (2019) argue that the purpose of FFP regulations was to transform European football clubs into self-sustainable clubs and create equity for all clubs in terms of financial opportunities. Also, Scelles (2020) asserts that the main goals for the implementation of FFP were to enhance clubs’ economic capabilities, credibility and transparency, financial discipline, and long term sustainability and viability. However, there is inadequate research on FFP’s successes and failures in European football.

 

FFP has a layout of punitive measures to ensure that European football clubs align their operations to the financial regulations. According to Gallagher and Quinn (2020), Club Financial Control Body (CFCB) judge individual football clubs on violations of the FFP laws using the information provided. The CFCB’s investigatory chamber determines the relevant facts and gathers evidence to help decide on one of the four options: impose minor disciplinary measures, dismiss the case, propose a settlement agreement, or refer it to the adjudicatory chamber (Franck, 2018). The lack of empirical data on the impact of FFP’s punitive measures from the above two studies creates a gap for more research on punitive measures’ impact on financial regulation. As the studies in this section indicates, there are several gaps in the area of study that creates the need for further research to determine the relationship between player expenditure and financial distress to help assess the impact of FFP.

 

Word count: 571

 

9. Research Methodology

Provide a concise outline of research methodology, including justification for choices.

Please ensure each sub section is completed. (Approximately 600 words)

Use the Saunders Research Onion to guide you

 
 

9.1 Research Strategy

 

The study intends to use the pragmatism philosophy of research. The research philosophy would be most appropriate for the current research because it would enable the researcher to concentrate on FFP in the real-world context (English premier league football clubs) to have a clear understanding of the effect of financial regulation in football (Saunders et al., 2019). Using the pragmatism philosophy, the researcher would begin by identifying the problem (impact of financial regulation in football) in the specific context. The second and third steps will involve formulating the solutions and drawing recommendations for effective changes in football regulation in Europe for UEFA. The philosophy is also most applicable for the current study because it enables the researcher to understand the problem of financial regulation in football in the English football context and make recommendations for real-life application in a larger context by UEFA.

 

The research will use both deductive and inductive research approaches. The researcher will use an inductive approach because the qualitative aspect of the research methodology would require the study to move from data to empirical generalizations (Saunders et al., 2019). On the other hand, the research will use deductive reasoning because it would enable the researcher during the quantitative component of the study to use the theory developed from the qualitative data to create and test a hypothesis on the issue of the effectiveness of financial regulations in football. In essence, using both deductive and inductive reasoning is most appropriate for the current study as it would enable the researcher to capitalize on the merits of data collection using both qualitative and quantitative methods.

 

Informed by the research philosophy and approaches selected in the previous sections alongside the research objectives and questions, the study will use a mixed-methodology strategy. The mixed methodology approach would be most appropriate for the study because it would enable the researcher to use both qualitative and quantitative data to develop a theory using the qualitative data to form and test a hypothesis using quantitative data.

 

9.2 Research Design

 

The research will use the convergent research design to implement the mixed-method research strategy. As recommended by Saunders et al. (2019), the convergent design would be integral in helping the researcher collect both qualitative and quantitative data concurrently. Also, the design would be most applicable for the current study since it would help the researcher analyse the two data sets separately then merge the findings during the interpretation stage. The research will use a focus group to gather qualitative data and a questionnaire (with close-ended questions) to collect quantitative data.

 

For the focus group, the research will select 18 participants from Chelsea, Manchester City, Liverpool, Brentford, Leeds, and Swansea football clubs using the convenience sampling method. The convenience sampling method is most appropriate for the current study because it would ensure that the researcher gets the most appropriate sample size to effectively participate. The researcher will send emails to the six football clubs requesting their in-depth online interviews with the clubs’ managers. Each club will offer three participants from its executive leadership positions. Due to the limited time and financial resources, the researcher will call the respondents via their mobile phone numbers and schedule interviews through the zoom application. The researcher will download the completed questionnaires and save them on a secure drive.

 

For the questionnaire, the research will target general employees and players from the above football clubs (Chelsea, Manchester City, Liverpool, Brentford, Leeds, and Swansea). Using snowball sampling, the study will get 60 respondents (10 from each club) by contacting the clubs (Chelsea, Manchester City, Liverpool, Brentford, Leeds, and Swansea) with an email containing a link for the survey. Using the link in the email, the researcher will direct the participants to duly fill out the forms and send them back to the researcher via email. The researcher will save the completed interview forms in the secure drive.

 

Word count: 643

 
10. Project Plan

A Gantt chart showing the major activities you need to undertake to hand your dissertation on time

(Please use MS Project if possible)

A minimum of 10 activities is expected for the plan to reasonably reflect what you need to do to complete your dissertation

 
 

 

 

 

 
11. References

A full list of all the sources used in the proposal, presented using the Harvard system of referencing.

 

Ahtiainen, S. and Jarva, H., 2020. Has UEFA’s financial fair play regulation increased football clubs’ profitability? European Sport Management Quarterly, 3(1), pp.1–19.

Alaminos, D. and Fernández, M. Á., 2019. Why do football clubs fail financially? A financial distress prediction model for the European professional football industry. PloS One, 14(12), pp.0225989–e0225989.

Andreff, W., 2018. Financial and sporting performance in French football league 1: influence on the players’ market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(4), pp.91–115.

Barajas, A. and Rodríguez, P., 2014. Spanish football in need of financial therapy: cut expenses and inject capital. International Journal of Sport Finance, 9(1), pp.73-90.

Dimitropoulos, P., 2016. Audit selection in the European football industry under Union of European Football Associations financial fair play. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(3), pp.901–906.

Fitzpatrick, D., 2015. The politics of football in an era of regulatory “crisis”: the last bastion of “club-regulation”? Soccer and Society, 16(2-3), pp.307–321.

Florbela, D., Borges, A. and Silva, R., 2020. Impact of UEFA champions league and UEFA Europa league on financial sustainability—a case study of two small football Portuguese teams. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(21), pp.9213–9223.

Franck, E., 2014. Financial fair play in European club football: what is it all about? International Journal of Sport Finance, 9(3), pp.193–212.

Franck, E., 2018. European club football after “five treatments” with financial fair playtime for an assessment. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(4), pp.97–115.

Gallagher, R. and Quinn, B., 2020. Regulatory own goals: the unintended consequences of economic regulation in professional football. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(2), pp.151–170.

Ghio, A., Ruberti, M. and Verona, R., 2019. Financial constraints on sports organizations’ cost efficiency: the impact of financial fair play on Italian soccer clubs. Applied Economics, 51(24), pp.2623–2638.

Muller, J., Lammert, J. and Hovemann, G., 2012. The financial fair play regulations of UEFA: an adequate concept to ensure the long-term viability and sustainability of European club football? International Journal of Sport Finance, 7(2), pp.117–129.

Plumley, D., Wilson, R. and Shibli, S., 2017. A holistic performance assessment of English Premier League football clubs 1992–2013. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 9(1), pp.7353-7368.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2019. Research methods for business students (8th ed.). London: Pearson.

Scelles, N., François, A. and Dermit-Richard, N., 2020. Determinants of competitive balance across countries: insights from European men’s football first tiers, 2006–2018. Managing Sport and Leisure, 7(3), pp.1–18.

Walters, G. and Hamil, S., 2013. The contests for power and influence over the regulatory space within the English professional football industry, 1980-2012. Business History, 55(5), pp.740–767.

Record, interpret and analyse scientific data and procedures to inform recommendations for future work 
Word count 1,500 words
File type Word processed
Font 12 pitch font – Arial or Times New Roman
Format Double spaced and justified
Referencing Harvard system
Notes Your assignment must include page numbers and word count.

 

You will receive a 10% penalty for this assessment if you go over the word count by more than 10%. If your assignment is significantly under the word count, you may not have answered the question in full. This will be reflected in your overall mark and feedback given by your tutor.

 

The word count does not include contents, end of text references or appendices.

Module learning outcomes:
On successful completion of this assessment, you will have met the following module learning outcomes:

 

Knowledge based outcomes:

LO3.    Demonstrate an understanding of safe working practice through experimental work, including the significance and limitations of experimental data and observations

LO4.    Record, interpret and analyse scientific data and procedures to inform recommendations for future work

 

Skills based outcomes:

·      Analytical and problem solving

·      Carrying out experimental work in a safe, reliable and efficient manner

·      Expanding range of mathematical skills and techniques

·      Time management, planning and organisational skills

·      Ability to work competently and independently

·      Aware of own strengths and weaknesses and to understand when support is needed

 

Assessment criteria:
In order to successfully complete this assessment and meet the above learning outcomes, you must satisfy the following criteria:

 

AC3.1      Demonstrate understanding of a wide range of experimental and practical instruments, equipment and techniques

AC3.2      Use appropriate apparatus/methods to record a range of measurements

 

AC4.1      Present data clearly and accurately with the use of appropriate tables and graphs

AC4.2      Interpret scientific results, recognising correlations and causal relationships

AC4.3      Critique experimental design and processes within a given experiment

AC4.4      Offer suitable recommendations and improvements that can be implemented in future experimental work

 

Assignment instructions:
To carry out the experiment, please refer to the instructions for your specific practical assignment which can be found in a separate document. Your tutor will advise which experiment you will be carrying out in order to complete this assignment.

 

Completing the lab report

 

1.     Introduction and aim

The introduction should include a clear and detailed aim of the experiment with supporting background research to explain the theory and idea behind the experiment. It should also explain how the results you collect and analyse will enable the aim to be achieved and how the equations relate to the experiment and graph.

 

 

2.     Apparatus and diagram

You must include a full list of all apparatus and equipment used during the experiment, including quantities, which is supported by a clear and fully annotated scientific diagram. You should also explain the choice of suitable materials and measurement strategies that enable you to produce accurate and precise results.

 

3.     Variables

You must identify and explain the dependent and independent variables within the experiment, including units, values and range. You should also note at least two controlled variables within the experiment, explain how they are controlled and the consequences that will occur if they are not controlled.

 

4.     Method

The procedure must be a detailed and clearly explained step by step method of the experiment with methodical and sequential instructions including range and repeats. You should discuss the suitability of the procedure in relation to the aim of the investigation.

 

5.     Safety

You must identify all hazards related to the experiment and assess the risks associated with these hazards. You should describe and justify the appropriate safety precautions that must be carried out to ensure the experiment is conducted safely in a laboratory environment, including the consequences should this safety issue occur.

 

6.     Results table

Your results must be recorded accurately in a suitable table, with correct headings, units and rounding. The results should be presented clearly and must be fully reliable, including required calculations.

 

7.     Results graph

Your graph must be hand drawn with an appropriate linear scale, units, title and labelled axes. The graph must also be a suitable scale based on the size of your paper. Your results must be accurately plotted on the graph, including a line/curve of best fit and intercept identified (if appropriate).

 

8.     Gradient calculation

You must accurately calculate the gradient of your line of best fit, including correct units. You should explain the relationship between the gradient and the quantity to be determined from your original aim. This may also include reference to the intercept if appropriate.

 

9.     Critical analysis of results – conclusion

This section must include a conclusion based on the stated aim of the experiment and contain a detailed analysis of the results, identifying and describing clear trends and patterns with reference to your results data and graph. You should ensure scientific terminology is used to critically analyse the results, which includes suggestions of any further calculations or experimentation that may be required.

 

10.  Evaluation of scientific investigation

You must provide a scientific critique of the experimental design and procedure of your experiment, identifying at least two areas of improvement. Anomalies should be identified, and explanations given into possible sources of errors and uncertainties. This should also include the consequences of potential/identified anomalies and how this affects the processing of data, looking at future experiments of this nature.

 

11.  Referencing

Throughout the laboratory report, you should have carried out a range of research to support your understanding of the aim of the experiment. In this section, you must provide a complete list of research sources correctly cited in Harvard Referencing style, including the date you accessed the source.

 

 

 

Plagiarism
We expect all submitted work to be your own words (apart from in-text quotations), written in a style that reflects your English language level. If you copy other people’s work and present it as your own, this is called plagiarism and is a serious academic offence.

 

The full details of our policy on academic misconduct can be found at the back of the Programme Handbook.

 

You must complete a coursework submission sheet and attach this to the front of your assignment.

Submissions without this sheet may be rejected and may result in a mark of 0 being awarded for this assignment.