Discuss how positive pressure ventilation and the settings of IPAP and EPAP both influence work of breathing and oxygenation, considering the implications to the patient’s respiratory function if these settings are incorrectly applied.

Day 9 post admission Natalie has developed a respiratory nosocomial-acquired infection which

has caused type 1 respiratory failure. A MET call was issued for signs of respiratory distress and

hypoxaemia, and non-invasive ventilation bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) was

commenced, with IPAP 12cmH20 and EPAP 6cmH20, FiO2 0.6.

Within 15 minutes of NIV therapy, there is an increase in SpO2 from 88% (on FiO2 0.6) to 91%,

and BP drop from 112/65mmHg to 94/50mmHg.

Question 5: (approx. 250 words)

Discuss how positive pressure ventilation and the settings of IPAP and EPAP both influence

work of breathing and oxygenation, considering the implications to the patient’s respiratory

function if these settings are incorrectly applied.

Identify and rationalise what signs and symptoms would alert you to compartment syndrome in this case considering the mechanisms by which Natalie’s epidural could mask compartment syndrome.

Question 4: (approx. 175 words)

Natalie has an external fixation device insitu to the right tibia and fibula. Identify and rationalise

what signs and symptoms would alert you to compartment syndrome in this case considering

the mechanisms by which Natalie’s epidural could mask compartment syndrome.

Rationalise two immediate actions/interventions related to epidural care that you would undertake (before escalating to your preceptor) in this scenario, while linking causative factors underpinning these signs and symptoms.

That evening Natalie goes to operating theatre for a laparotomy, splenectomy, and stabilisation

of the right open comminuted fracture tibial/fibula with an external fixation device. She returns

to the trauma unit with an T9-T10 Epidural (Bupivacaine) in situ.

Six hours later, Natalie is drowsy but complaining of abdominal pain 5/10 only on the left flank

when she is awake. Vital signs are BP 95/50mmHg, T36.2C, RR 10 (asleep) RR 14 (awake), SpO2

94% on 2LNP, HR 60 regular.

Question 3. (approx. 175 words)

Rationalise two immediate actions/interventions related to epidural care that you would

undertake (before escalating to your preceptor) in this scenario, while linking causative factors

underpinning these signs and symptoms.

discuss one independent nursing intervention and one dependent nursing intervention for the actual problem.

CASE EXAMINATION:

Natalie Hill (pronouns she/her) is a 42-year-old female admitted to University Hospital by

ambulance at 0420am following a motor vehicle accident (MVA) at 80km/hr. The car had

impact with the metal lane barrier. Natalie was the driver, with no other persons in the car at

the time of the crash.

Natalie’s primary survey upon immediate arrival to the Emergency Department (ED) of

University Hospital (UH) demonstrated the following:

A: Airway cleared, Yankeur suctioning required to remove vomitus. Blood noted in

mouth, 3 front teeth loose. Speaking inappropriate words, drowsy. C-spine collar in situ

B: Respiratory rate (RR) 26 per minute, laboured. Decreased breath sounds to right

lower lobe, and left lung. Equal chest symmetry. SpO2 84% at scene, 99% 10 L oxygen

via Hudson mask (HM).

C: Heart rate (HR) 121 beats per minute, pulse thready and regular. Blood pressure

90/58 mmHg. Skin is cool, pale, clammy. Capillary refill (CR) > 3 seconds. 2L 0.9% Normal

Saline IVT administered by paramedics. 2 x IV cannula inserted left and right antecubital

fossa. Positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) scan. Hb 94g/L.

D: Glasgow coma score (GCS) 10 (E2V3M5). PEARL size 3+. Blood glucose level

11.1mmol/L mmol/L.

E: Temperature 35.5 degrees Celsius, Bair Hugger warming blanket applied. Multiple

lacerations and contusions evident on all limbs, abdomen and face. Significant bruising

and swelling to right lower leg, toes mottled and cool.

QUESTIONS:

Question 1. (approx. 250 words)

The above data outlines what is involved in the primary assessment of Natalie. From this

information, rationalise one actual/priority problems and two potential problems. Underpin

your responses with underlying pathophysiological causes to justify your decision

making. Link to other signs and symptoms as applicable.

Answer:

You have now performed a secondary survey of Natalie. Some diagnostic results and physical

assessment data gathered from this includes:

Vitals: BP 99/60mmHg; RR 28; SpO2 94% 10LHM; HR 134bpm, Temperature 36.1

GCS 12 (E3V4M5); C-spine collar remains in situ. Periorbital bruising noted. PEARL 3+sluggish.

Await head/neck/spine CT scan. Lung sounds remain unchanged from primary survey, nil signs

of subcutaneous emphysema, nil tracheal deviation. Weak and thready radial pulses, heart

sounds S1 S2. Hb 79g/L.

Log-roll performed: palpation of spine NAD (No Abnormalities Detected) and posterior

inspection NAD. Tenderness and localising to abdominal palpation, bowel sounds decreased.

Not passed urine. Right leg: immobilised in splint, CR 4 seconds, cool peripherally, dark bruising

++ to leg and foot with right dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses weak.

Question 2: (approx. 250 words)

From the secondary survey data, rationalise one actual problem (different from Q1). Then

discuss one independent nursing intervention and one dependent nursing intervention for the

actual problem. Underpin your responses with possible underlying pathophysiological causes to

justify your decision making. Link to other signs and symptoms as applicable.

Using the definition of profiteering laid out in TACOD Chapter 5, find a story in the media that describes an incidence of profiteering during the pandemic. Briefly summarize the story and then identify what you think should happen to the people in the story and why.

2, In one page, answer the following:

• Using the definition of profiteering laid out in TACOD Chapter 5, find a story in the media that describes an incidence of profiteering during the pandemic. Briefly summarize the story and then identify what you think should happen to the people in the story and why. Be sure to include a link to the story you found in your response—- Draw the required materials from all files uploaded, so that means please take times to read before start.

Study Books

CCJD :

Harper, D. W., & Frailing, K. (2016). Crime and Criminal Justice in Disaster. Carolina Academic Press.

TACOD :

Frailing, K., & Harper, D. W. (2017). Toward a Criminology of Disaster: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out (Disaster Studies) (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.

Explain how rational choice theory is useful in understanding disaster benefit fraud.

Instructions (MUST CITIATION) Those 2 pages are separate, MUST citations in each page.

1, In one page (two paragraphs or more), answer the following:

• Explain how rational choice theory is useful in understanding disaster benefit fraud—-Draw the required materials from all files uploaded, so that means please take times to read before start.

Discuss two (or more) benefits of the proposed joint venture (JV), emphasizing the argument that this strategy has little or no negative impact on the inimitability quality of the firm’s innovation capability.

You should write no more than 800 words to complete this question.

Answers beyond the word limit will NOT be marked.  

The top management of Cafe2Go (the focal firm in your Assessment Tasks 1 and 2) has recruited you to be the firm’s Vice-President for International Market Development. Your main task is to assist the top management team in its strategic plan to expand its business in Southeast Asia.

During the most recent board meeting, you were asked to present your analysis and recommendations on the proposal for a five-year joint venture (JV) with one of the top restaurant chains in India. One issue raised during the meeting is the protection of the firm’s intellectual or strategic assets, particularly the firm’s innovation capability through its unique technology, process, and skills in running a specialty coffee shop. This innovation capability has been the foundation of the firm’s competitive advantage because it is not only valuable (V), rare (R), and organized (O) within the firm but also extremely inimitable (I). This capability is central to the firm’s value chain.

Develop an outline of your presentation to address the issue raised by the board by answering the following:

• Discuss two (or more) benefits of the proposed joint venture (JV), emphasizing the argument that this strategy has little or no negative impact on the inimitability quality of the firm’s innovation capability. You can draw on our topics under the resource-based view (RBV) of strategy and firm performance. (Maximum 400 words)
• Recommend to the top management team (TMT) that the proposed JV is an effective strategy that will enhance the firm’s value chain because of synergy and will likely lead to the firm’s competitive advantage in a highly competitive industry in India. Assume that this highly competitive industry is characterized by buyers’ strong bargaining power and a substantial number of substitutes. Draw on our relevant topics under the resource-based view (RBV) and industry view of strategy and firm performance. (Maximum 400 words)

write and present a brief report addressed to the top management of Starbucks as it plans to venture into a new market in a hypothetical, newly formed country, classified as an emerging economy.

You should write no more than 1200 words to complete this question.

Answers beyond the word limit will NOT be marked.

The Scenario: Institutional theory suggests that while institutions can influence a firm’s strategic decisions and actions, the entry and strategic behavior of a firm, such as a well-resourced multinational company (MNC), into an emerging economy can shape and influence the host country’s institutional environment.

Drawing on the topics that we have covered in this unit, including your knowledge of Starbucks, the firm that we used as a demo case in this unit, write and present a brief report addressed to the top management of Starbucks as it plans to venture into a new market in a hypothetical, newly formed country, classified as an emerging economy – Republic of South Zetland (SZ). The top management of Starbucks is requesting your strategic insights and recommendation on the critical considerations that the firm needs to address as it ventures into a new, international market given its unique institutional environment.

Starbucks will be the first MNC to do business in SZ since SZ declared independence from a larger Asian country in 2005. SZ is an agricultural-based economy and a top producer of premium quality coffee beans globally (accounting for 5% of the total world coffee production in 2021).

You can assume that:

1. Starbucks has been planning to gain more control or bargaining power over the supply chain of relevant raw materials essential to its global business operations.
2. SZ is a fast-growing emerging economy dubbed by Time Magazine in 2021 as the next golden hub of agricultural and food production business opportunities in modern Asia.
3. The World Bank noted that SZ, a new democratic country, is a highly adaptable country that is committed to undertaking radical social, political, and economic reforms to align itself with the leading economies in the world and actively engage with and participate in world socio-economic affairs.
4. SZ is predicted to become one of the top countries in Asia in terms of ease of doing business in the next five years, according to the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Report (a global country ranking report that we discussed in class).

The report that you will write should present your analysis, insights, and recommendations to Starbucks on the following:

• Your critical analysis and insights on how the strategic decision of Starbucks to enter the host country, the Republic of South Zetland (SZ), via foreign direct investment (FDI)-greenfield investment will enable the firm to influence or shape the local informal institutional environment. Draw on institutional and industry-based considerations of firm strategy in your analysis.
• Your recommendations on how Starbucks can leverage the strategy of FDI-greenfield investment to its advantage to address its ‘liability of foreignness’ as it enters a foreign market in SZ. Draw on the global mindset topic that we have covered in this unit.

DRAW ON OUR RELEVANT TOPICS COVERED IN THIS UNIT ONLY. You may cite examples to illustrate your arguments. You need not copy this question in your word document answer sheet. The suggested format of your report should include:

• Introduction (maximum 150 words)
• Analysis (maximum 450 words)
• Recommendations (maximum 450 words)
• Conclusion and Call to Action (maximum 150 words)

Write a brief literature review (300-500 words) on motives for young adult international travel.

Interpreting Tourism Management Information Quantitative Report

ALL STUDENTS MUST SUBMIT THE QUANTITATIVE REPORT ONLINE USING THE TURNITIN SUBMISSION POINTS ON LEARNING@GRIFFITH. THE ELECTRONIC COVER SHEET MUST ALSO BE COMPLETED BY EACH STUDENT.

Assignment background

Young adults have demonstrated a large appetite for international travel. However, limited knowledge is available for tourist operators on motives (or reasons) for young adult travel to international destinations and the relationship between their travel desire and intention to receive Covid-19 vaccinations. An opportunity exists for you to add knowledge on young adult international travel for tourist operators. Your task is to analyse, interpret and report quantitative information (provided to you in the Excel spreadsheet/worksheets) that is useful to tourist operators to better meet the motives (or reasons) of young adult international travel. More specifically, you are required to develop an understanding of: (1) the demographic profile of the sample of young adult international travellers. (2) descriptive statistics for each of the young adult international traveller motives ratings for the total sample, male young adult travellers and female young adult travellers. (3) whether male and female young adult international travel motives are significantly different to each other; and (4) whether the overall ratings of level of desire for international travel by young adults is correlated with their intention to receive Covid-19 vaccinations. To develop this understanding, available literature on young adult international travel motives was examined. From this literature, eight (8) motives were identified. To complete the assignment, you are required to: – Write a brief literature review (300-500 words) on motives for young adult international travel. A minimum of six academic peer-reviewed journal references (published 2010 and later only) must be used. Following the literature review, research questions are to be developed that frame the analysis which follows. – Write a brief method section, which outlines the analysis procedures used and provides an outline of quantitative research. – Present a demographic profile of the sample of young adult international travellers who provided ratings of motives for travel in the form of a frequency table, and include each of the demographic variables captured. – Present a table containing the means and standard deviation values for each of the eight motives provided in the data sheet, as well as the overall ratings of travel desire and intention to receive Covid-19 vaccinations – for male travellers, female travellers and the total sample. – Conduct t-tests to examine whether there are any significant differences in motive ratings between male and female young adult travellers (this analysis should be included in the table with the means and standard deviations). – Conduct three correlations to examine the strength of the relationship between the overall ratings of travel desire and intention to receive Covid-19 vaccinations. Correlations (r =) should be presented in the text of the report, not in a table. Students will receive clear guidance on the completion of each stage of the analysis in ‘live’ and recorded online workshops and face-to-face workshops. Further details on this assignment can be obtained from the data file (questionnaire, etc.), the marking guidelines and other documents found in the course’s Teams site. Please note: these files are only guidelines. Specific instructions on compulsory requirements of the assignment are given in online (live and recorded) and face-to-face workshops and, therefore participation in the online workshops and viewing of the recordings is highly recommended. Report Format Style Requirements: – Size 12, Times New Roman font with 1.5 line spacing. APA7 referencing. – Remember an evaluation report is succinct and to the point. Make sure everything you write is meaningful. Succinct writing is much better than taking many words to explain what you mean. Spend effort in proofreading your writing for basic grammar and referencing errors before you submit. Get your work checked before you submit. Report outline: The report should be of a professional evaluative style that would be easily understandable. The report will be no longer than 8 pages including the title page and references. The quantitative report should contain the following headings: Introduction: The Introduction should include a brief overview of the study. This could include a brief description of the following: – What the purpose of the report is. – What you have done, how you did it, and why you did it. – Why the study is important. Literature Review: A 350-500 word literature review discussing MOTIVES for young adult international travel (Nothing else should be discussed in your literature review other than MOTIVES that are focused on young adult travel, e.g. shopping, novelty, action and adventure). We should NOT see any discussion on receiving Covid-19 vaccinations to travel. Research Questions: Students should list their research questions that are discussed in the workshops. Research Methods: What was the research design? How was the data collected and analysed? Who was it collected from? Etc. Results: What was found (what came from the analysis)? A description/report including the tables (described above) that will help explain results must be included. The presentation of tables for the report will be covered in online and face-toface workshop sessions. Conclusion: The conclusion should follow logically from the analysis, not just repeat the analysis but restate the problem and apply research outcomes to the problem. It should provide a brief summary of findings from the current study. Comparisons must be made between findings from the current study and those discussed in the literature review. Recommendations: What might tourist operators do to increase the attractiveness of young adult travel based on the major findings of this study – these findings must have been discussed in the Results section. e.g. “It is recommended that: 1. …………….. 2. …………….. 3. ……………..

How can I limit low level disruption in a Year 6 class by implementing a class reward system?

How can I limit low level disruption in a Year 6 class by implementing a class reward system?

Abstract

This research project will be answering the question “How can I limit low level disruption in a Year 6 class by implementing a class reward system?”. It was completed during my Developing Placement and focussed on the behaviour children showed during their Composition and Maths lessons. To get answers to my research question, I used observations to collect data while in the lessons. The observations lasted for a period of 6 weeks. 3 weeks of observations without the children being made aware and then 3 weeks of observations after the implementation period. Questionnaires were also going to be completed but due to disruptions which included Mock SATs during a week of observations after the implementation, questionnaires were not able to be completed by the children. The key finding from this research project was that the behaviour chart that I implemented into the classroom, did help to limit the low level behaviour that the children were showing during the Composition and Maths lessons. The main reason behind this research project was due to my confidence in behaviour management and wanting to gain more confidence in improving my behaviour management skills and having a breadth of suitable strategies to use in a variety of situations.