What is your opinion about gender stereotypes? does gender roles still remain in most societies?

Gender Ideology

1. Do you believe there is gender roles people should follow?
2. In the present society, do you think there is disparity in the impacts of gender roles in men and women?
3. How does a person’s upbringing affect their gender roles?
4. What is your opinion about gender stereotypes? does gender roles still remain in most societies?
5. What is the belief in your culture about masculine and feminine roles?

Conducting Interview

A tape recorder was used to gather information from all respondents. Interviews were kept short, lasting ten minutes.

Summary of Findings

The themes of the study contributed to the understanding of the factors that affect the division of labour between paid and unpaid work. The respondents’ responses supported the findings of other studies about social norms as a driver to the research topic. The rise in formal education, western influences and gender policies has led to new ways to think about how gender affects the division of labour at home and work (Chesley and Flood, 2017). Most respondents pointed out the role of masculinity in the division of labour and how it resists changes in home work roles. Most males felt they could not engage in home work because social norms dictate they engage in masculine jobs. Education had a substantial impact on gendered roles. For example, educated male respondents held less conservative views about females engaging in feminine roles and men engaging in masculine roles. Some male respondents stated there is no harm in taking up female home roles, particularly when their wives are not around. However, they mentioned that childbirth roles are the responsibility of the females.

New norms, attitudes, and practices existed alongside conventional ideologies and beliefs. The influence of education significantly affected gender roles. For example, some shifted their daily roles and resisted some social norms. Some respondents framed men’s participation in unpaid work in such a manner that left ideologies untouched for masculinity. The approach facilitated adherence to the ideologies of men as inherently superior and permitted more gender-equal norms and practices within contexts of masculine domination. Thus, the themes improved understanding of education differences, social norms, and gender ideologies in the gendered division of labour between paid and unpaid work. Also, the findings showed that social norms were significant factors that contributed to the gap in labour division and are constructed as well as deconstructed, contested, and reinforced via interactions within power relations.

Interview Experience

The purpose of the interview was to gather information from respondents about the division of labour between paid and unpaid work in UK. The interview was successful. The number of respondents considered here was ten (10). Out of the selected participants, eight (8) completed the interview; two (2) failed to send consent to participate, because of unexpected changes in their work schedule. Some of the aspects that determined the interview’s success include: 80% participation, the respondents fully answered interview questions, interview proceeded with minimal distraction.

Do you think maternity leave affects the amount of pay women receive despite same educational achievements with male counterparts?

Education Disparity

1. Do you think education has an impact on gender division of labour at home?
2. Have you ever engaged in female roles at home? If yes, please specify what roles did you perform?
3. Do you think educational achievement of women affect relationships with their husbands in terms of what roles they need to perform at home?
4. As an educated woman, do you think your husband should help you with house chores? If yes, what roles do you prefer they perform?
5. What challenges do educated women undergo when there is need to balance between paid and unpaid work?
6. Do you think maternity leave affects the amount of pay women receive despite same educational achievements with male counterparts?

What is the relationship between culture and distribution of roles at home?

These questions helped to evaluate the importance of the research based on respondents’ responses. Research themes include: the influence of social norms, education disparity, and gender ideology on division of labour between paid and unpaid work. The interview questions were arranged into appropriate groups based on these themes.

Social Norms

1. Has gender roles changed today? If yes, state how gender roles has changed?
2. Does masculinity has an effect on gender division of labour at home?
3. As a man, can you engage in feminine roles at home?
4. Do you think it is okay for men to take up traditional female roles? If yes, to what extend can you go in performing these roles?
5. How does an upbringing gender role affect division of labour?
6. What is the relationship between culture and distribution of roles at home?
7. What beliefs direct gendered division of labour?

explore the self-determination theory to determine how Brad’s anxiety during matches can be mitigated to enhance good performance during competitive matches.

This essay will explore the self-determination theory to determine how Brad’s anxiety during matches can be mitigated to enhance good performance during competitive matches.

Self Determination Theory

The primary objective of this paper is to examine how self-determination theory (SDT) might be applied to Brad’s circumstances in order to assist him in overcoming his nervousness and poor rugby performance. Researchers are increasingly turning to SDT to shed light on physical exercise motivation in research investigations (Sanchez-Romero et al.,2021; Wilczynska et al.,2022). According to SDT, there are various types of motivation, including amotivation (lack of motivation), controlled motivation (motivation influenced by external variables), and intrinsic motivation (self-motivation). As opposed to training sessions where he performed well and was under no pressure, Brad’s anxiousness would increase due to the high level of competition and pressure to perform. According to Gomez-Lopez, Courel-Ibanez, & Granero-Gallegos (2020), there are four distinct types of extrinsic motivation, each with a distinct level of autonomy. Four categories exist: external, recognisable, introjected, and integrated. External regulation is the least extrinsic form of motivation. Individuals participate in this level of activity to get a positive result, such as recognition, or to avoid a negative one, such as punishment (Ersoz, 2016). Therefore, Brad would be able to utilise this ability to improve his confidence during competitive bouts. Brad’s research will also investigate the concept of “introjected regulation,” which refers to those who engage in an activity for their own self-worth and pride or to prevent feelings of self-guilt or shame. Zhang, Woodman, & Roberts (2018) have demonstrated a person’s desire to exercise frequently in order to acquire a sense of well-being. Social body anxiety may affect physical activity. A person’s physical activity reveals how concerned they are about how others perceive their physical appearance.

To promote participants’ health behaviour change and well-being, instructors need to support their students’ needs in a variety of ways such as providing choices and engaging in caring discussion, according to Ryan and Deci (2018) on SDT. If Brad is engaged in conversation with seasoned advisors or counsellors regarding mindfulness practises and behavioural adjustment, he would be able to effectively control his anxiousness during competitive matches. It has been shown that health therapies delivered in a setting that prioritises meeting participants’ needs improve participants’ perceptions of support for their own agency, leading to higher levels of need satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction (Shannon et al., 2018). Individuals such as Brad, on the other hand, might utilise internal psychological skill processes in addition to social context variables such as the capacity to be aware of current events and experiences in order to attain their objectives and well-being (Weinstein & Ryan, 2011). Additionally, by focusing more on the present, Brad may be able to better self-manage his thoughts and emotions, thereby reducing anxiety and enhancing his performance in competitive matches (Schultz & Ryan, 2015). Several studies in SDT research on interpersonal drivers of demands fulfilment show that mindfulness is connected with competence satisfaction and, thus, better mental health outcomes (Ryan and Deci, 2017; Chang et al.,2018). As a result of mindful states, it has been argued that competence fulfilment occurs, in the sense that individuals are better able to recognise their needs and choose the most appropriate responses to them (Campbell et al., 2016; Campbell et al., 2017). Being more aware has been linked to lower levels of stress and better overall health by correlational research (Schultz et al., 2015; Chang et al., 2018). Competence satisfaction, on the other hand, has been demonstrated to be a forerunner to mindfulness and has been connected to an improvement in employee well-being following mindfulness practice. As a result, Brad might engage in competence satisfaction depending on the setting of the latter to improve his attentiveness and, consequently, his performance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the SDT is vital for changing Brad’s mind and reducing anxiety for improved performance during competitive rugby matches.

Describe in detail how you will respond to the ethics of the client’s request and how you will explain your rationale for this decision to the client?

ESSAY QUESTION

You are a relatively new independent consultant, and a large potential client has been working with you on a project to develop and provide first-level supervisory training at his manufacturing facility. You have negotiated content, terms, and timing for the training and are ready to sign a lucrative contract. As the client is signing, he asks if you could, by the way, also evaluate the supervisors you will be training and give him a detailed report on your analysis of their overall ability to be in their current roles. How would you use the specific theories for the POLS identified to assist? Ensure to describe the theories/examples/ensure to address the question

Your decision regarding this situation will undoubtedly impact your ability to continue to do business with this client and may even have an impact on the current contract.

1. How might you go about your evaluation and under what conditions will you proceed; i.e., will you revise the contract to cover this extra work? If so, what conditions will you negotiate with your client? For example, will you let the supervisors know that you are going to be evaluating them? How might knowing this impact your training? If you do not let them know, and your evaluations impact some of the participants in their positions, how will you justify your actions to yourself and/or others? Describe in detail the work you would do if you accepted the request.
2. Furthermore, please address whether this is or is not an ethical request to evaluate the supervisors? Why?
3. Describe in detail how you will respond to the ethics of the client’s request and how you will explain your rationale for this decision to the client?

Kindly answer the questions and use the theories and models as it applies to the essay question, the essay question #1 should be in a format of intro, problem, analysis (evidence) and a recommendation/solution applying the specific theories as many as you can for the essay as it applies to the scenario. The theories must be identified and explained how it applies to the scenario (cite it using APA 7^TH EDIT ION FORMAT AND USE THE BOOK TEXT BOOK AS A REFERENCE BOOK FOR EACH THEORY USED). This is a business psychology class. Use as much theory as you can that specifically applies to the essay. This is an application/how would you apply as a consultant

Theories

1. Herzberg theory
2. Calloboartion
3. Emotional intelligence
4. Social diversity
5. Cultural awareness
6. Code of ethics
7. Utilitarianism
8. Detolonigical
9. hUMAN RELATIONS THEORY
10. Transformation and transctional leadership theory
11. Theory x and Y
12. MCKINSEY 7-S MODEL
13. KURT LEWIN’S CHANGE MODEL
14. FREDRICK TAYLORS SCIENTIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
15. discrimination-and-fairness,
16. access-and-legitimacy
17. integration-and-learning
18. SOCIAL CONITIVE THEORY
19. COGNITIVE DIVERSITY THEORY
20. BENEFIENCE
21. RESEPCT FOR AUTONOMY
22. LEAST HARM
23. JUSTICE
24. VIRTUE
25. RIGHTS

effectively integrate evidence and economic analysis in order to address a research question

The assignment

Start of Box

Important: Before you start work on this assignment, please ensure that you have read the Assessment Guidance specific to this module and are familiar with the advice in Social Sciences Assessment Information. These sources contain support and guidance that you may need in writing your EMA including, for example, advice on plagiarism, referencing and the marking system. Note that failure to comply with relevant guidance could result in the loss of marks or other penalties.

End of Box

Your project forms the end-of-module assessment (EMA). To be sure of passing the module you must score at least 30 for your EMA and achieve an Overall Score of at least 40. Your Overall Score is determined from your scores for these assessments, weighted as follows: TMAs 01-05 – 9.5% each; iCMA41 – 2.5%; EMA – 50%. The project element of the module aims to develop your capacity for independent study in economics, including the ability to:

• formulate and focus on a clearly defined economics research question that is well-grounded in the study materials
• apply and explore economic theory learned in the module, with knowledge deepened through appropriate literature review
• apply one of three research methods: econometrics; primary-data collection and analysis; secondary-data collection and analysis
• effectively integrate evidence and economic analysis in order to address a research question
• provide clear conclusions that address the research question.

The word limit for the project is 5000 words. This includes everything apart from references and appendices. Good projects tend to make significant use of appendices.

Your EMA must be submitted via the eTMA system. Work cannot be accepted in hard copy or by any other route. When submitting your EMA, simply follow the same procedure as you have done previously with TMAs, entering your EMA as ‘TMA30 – EMA’. Further details are provided in the booklet ‘Information for students submitting examinable work electronically’.

Keep at least one copy of your EMA and a file (or electronic copies) of the material you have used in the EMA in case your EMA goes astray or in case you are asked to undertake a ‘viva’ (an oral, or part-oral, examination).

Your project must include a title page that should include the following information:

• your PI (and name if you wish)
• title of the project
• type of research method chosen (econometrics, analysis of primary data or analysis of secondary data)
• word count

Note: Remember to include the Project Information Form as an appendix in your project.

Finally, we would like to remind you of the assessment criteria that will be used to mark your project (already stated in the project booklet Doing your economics project: Getting started, Doing your economics project: Introduction and overview, Section 10):

• research question: clarity and relevance to the module
• research method: clarity on the methods used and appropriateness for the research question
• literature review: clarity and relevance to the research question
• economic theory: relevance to the research question
• selection or collection of data and evidence: effectiveness in addressing the research question
• analysis: effectiveness in integrating theory with data and evidence
• aptness of conclusions in drawing threads of argument together
• evidence of independent thought and initiative
• standard of presentation and referencing.

Standard of presentation and referencing. (The Open University uses the ‘Cite Them Right’ version of Harvard. You can find advice on the ‘Referencing and Plagiarism’ page of the Library website, which provides access to the Cite Them Right website, a practical guide to referencing commonly used by UK universities)

The project will be assessed as a whole, balancing stronger and weaker elements and appreciating the effort put in. Just look through this list and then use it for reference, especially when writing up.

Discuss the Financial Impact On Hong Kong SAR and Macau’s Hotel Industries Under the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Tourists’ intention, The Role of Government and Corporates’ Management During Pandemic.

Financial Impact On Hong Kong SAR and Macau’s Hotel Industries Under the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Tourists’ intention, The Role of Government and Corporates’ Management During Pandemic.

Abstract

This study aims to explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Hong Kong Hospitality industries and the managerial perceptions of the government and corporate. The project aims to explain the effects that the 2019 Pandemic have on the performance of both public and private owned hotel business in Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR for. The study will review the performance of different hotels divided into different groups such as private and public owned, business scale and different markets. Another part of this study is a survey on travelers’ preferences before and after the breakout. This study will also evaluate the implemented governments’ policies during the pandemic. With the research of the mentioned sessions, recommendations will be eventually provided.

Background

The tourism and hospitality industry in Asia has been continuously growing and became substantial in recent years. However, as Covid-19 broke out from China in December 2019, the industry encounters a devastating blow. Within three months, the virus spread globally, nothing remained as it used to be, and public life seemed frozen. All around the world, tourism came to a complete standstill. Despite the fact that there is literature about the impacts of various crises on tourism and hospitality, there is no academic research about the actual impact of Covid-19 on the hotel industries of Hong Kong and Macau.

Purpose

This thesis aims to determine how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the mentioned region’s hotels. Recovery strategies in the short- and long- term to overcome the crisis are uncovered. To find out the psychological barricade during the “low season of Covid”, a sample of tourists’ incentives and objectives to travel during the outbreak will also be included in the research to help explain the impact on the hotel business. Government of Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR’s policies towards the outbreak and the aid they offered will be briefly described. Lastly, what has been learned from the situation and managerial strategies, which might be beneficial for the future, is presented. The solutions of the research are mainly intended to support general managers of hotels to manage business during a crisis.

Research Methodology

The results of this research are derived from primary and secondary sources of information. For primary research, survey will be designed in order to collect data from potential travelers and frequent flyers. The survey will be given out on social platform such as Facebook groups, LinkedIn and WhatsApp Messenger. Phone survey with questionnaires identical to the online version will also be used for data collecting purpose. In Addition, a qualitative approach was selected, and three interviews with general managers/ marketing and sale directors of Hong Kong and Macau local hotels were conducted to receive detailed information about the impact of the pandemic on the industry. In order to get an overview of the topic and to acquire some background information such as government policies, literature was used for secondary research. The results of the thesis will show the impact of the pandemic. Due to travel restrictions and closed borders, the industry was suffering. In order to overcome the crisis, costs were expected to be re-evaluated and put to an absolute minimum. However, every crisis is also an opportunity, and hotels had to adapt their target markets based on countries, where people are allowed to travel. As the result, a SWOT analysis will also be provided for the local hotels in the regions.

explore perceptions of caring in the contemporary clinical environment among nurses of various backgrounds.

| Literature review In the Theory of Human Caring, Watson (2006, 2009) emphasizes that human caring is more than physical behaviors and performance; it involves a sense of devotion and commitment in taking care of patients’ physical needs, as well as their psychosocial and spiritual well-being. In the Theory of Transcultural Care, Leininger (2002) focuses on the cultural context of caring, and emphasizes that caring behaviors can vary transculturally, because human beings simply cannot separate themselves from their cultural and social backgrounds. The two theorists demonstrate differences in philosophical, cultural, and empirical concerns regarding the meaning of caring. Nevertheless, both theorists recognize the concept of caring as the core and fundamental element of nursing. For years, these caring theories have been widely used to inform and transform nursing practice (Courtney & Wolgamott, 2015; Watson, 2009). In addition to these classical theories of caring, the meaning of caring has also been investigated recently through comparisons between the experiences of patients and nurses, as it is crucial to understand what nurses actually do, rather than what they say Received: 25 October 2017 Revised: 12 June 2018 Accepted: 28 June 2018 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12561 Nurs Health Sci. 2019;21:85–92. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/nhs © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 85 (Papastavrou, Efstathiou, & Charalambous, 2011; Zamanzadeh, Azimzadeh, Rahmani, & Valizadeh, 2010). These studies affirm that the value patients place on nurses’ caring acts, and caring is reflected in a holistic assessment of attitudes, knowledge, and actions. This holistic view of caring emphasizes the importance of respecting patients’ views and wishes so that the care nurses provide meets patients’ expectations and needs (Liu, Mok, & Wong, 2006; Zamanzadeh et al., 2010). Although nursing care is often linked with improved patient satisfaction and reduced health-care costs (Omari, AbuAlRub, & Ayasreh, 2013; Papastavrou, Andreous, Tsangari, & Merkouris, 2014), recent studies conducted in China, Europe, and the USA indicate that many nurses and patients are not satisfied with the quality of care provided by nurses (Aiken et al., 2012; You et al., 2013), and the public perception of nurses is that they are uncaring (Aiken et al., 2014). Some scholars tried to correlate the present uncaring attitudes of nurses with the current health-care context (Corbin, 2008; Maben, Cornwell, & Sweeney, 2009). Corbin (2008) argued that “caring is not a lost but an art at odds with many of the conditions under which nurses are working today” (p. 164). Currently, nurses often feel constrained by social, economic, cultural, and personal variables, such as staff shortages, the traditional task-orientated approach to nursing, and their limited skills and lack of education (Roch, Dubois, & Clarke, 2014; Sharma & Shrestha, 2015). Nurses are unable to uphold the core value they once pursued, and this results in high rates of job dissatisfaction and intention to leave (Aiken et al., 2014). Nursing care is defined as a context-specific interpersonal human act of kindness (Finfgeld-Connett, 2008a), and context might affect the caring relationship in either positive or negative ways. A substantial body of evidence indicates that the public perception of uncaring nurses might be due to the caring behaviors and attitudes of nurses not always aligning with patients’ expectations of a caring relationship. (Papastavrou et al., 2011; Wiechula et al., 2016). In today’s fast-paced technological, task-oriented health-care context (Watson, 2009), patients value technical care as much as compassionate nursing care (Papastavrou et al., 2011). Nurses might need to adjust their caring values, attitudes, and behaviors to meet patients’ expectations with respect to both of these aspects of care (Wiechula et al., 2016). In view of the ever-changing nature of the health-care context, the meaning of caring is continuously developing and can vary greatly with context (Leininger & McFarland, 2006). As a result, there is an inconsistency between the philosophy of caring and the actual experience of nurses and public complaint regarding the uncaring behaviors of nurses in clinical practice. It is important to understand the fundamental meanings of caring in the contemporary health-care setting, as caring actions are always situated in an embodied account of meaning (Glenberg, 1997). 1.2 |

Aim

The purpose of the present study was to explore perceptions of caring in the contemporary clinical environment among nurses of various backgrounds.

What is a mixed methods study? What are the advantages of such an approach?

Not all of the information you require will always be in defined sections. You will need to read the paper and make notes. 1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?  Look at the wider literature – why is important that there is a clear statement of the aims of the research? What does the literature say?  Why is it important that the research aims are congruent with the research methodology, design, recruitment selection, data analysis and findings? HINT – if any are inappropriate, you will not be able to rely on the findings.  In the introductory section, did the authors have a clear reason for undertaking the study? Does the research question reflect this? What does the literature say about the importance of this?  Was the research question initially clear? When you looked into the research design section, did you notice any additional aims? If you did, what is the significance of this? 2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?  What type of study is Paper B? Show us your understanding here. You will need to access the wide literature to support your discussions and definitions of terms.  Does this sit within the qualitative paradigm?  What is qualitative research?  What do qualitative studies seek to explore?  What type of questions do they ask? What is the purpose of an exploratory question?  How large are their sample sizes and why?  How is the data analysed?  How are the findings used? Compare this approach with the quantitative paradigm • What is quantitative research? • What do quantitative studies seek to explore? • What type of questions do they ask? What is a hypothesis? • How large are their sample sizes and why? • How is the data analysed? • How are the findings used? • What is a mixed methods study? What are the advantages of such an approach?

What is the purpose of a critical appraisal?

Introduction: Set the context and signpost the reader:  Aim of the assignment is to…….  A critical appraisal of…  The paper are you addressing…  The CASP framework are you using… Next paragraph: Establish the context for the critical appraisal:  What is evidence based practice – define this. Why is it important in health care?  What is a critical appraisal?  What is the purpose of a critical appraisal?  What is the purpose of a critical appraisal framework?  What three overarching questions does the CASP first question ask that you consider?  State that the critical appraisal of Paper A / B will follow the ten questions that form the CASP framework.