Write a short thesis around 2000 words addressing the topic below: “Liver cancer is a disease of diverse aetiology with wide-ranging systemic consequences.”

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Disease

End of Course Assignment

Your assignment is a short thesis around 2000 words addressing the topic below:

“Liver cancer is a disease of diverse aetiology with wide-ranging systemic consequences.”

In your thesis, you should cover the basics of liver structure and function, illustrate the cause and development of liver cancer showing the wide-ranging systemic consequences. You should also cover the clinical pathology of liver cancer as well as the steps you would take as a practitioner to diagnose the underlying cause of this disease in the laboratory. You may also extend any further reading on the treatment of liver cancer within your thesis.

General advice on writing your assignment

Planning your assignment: You could start by carrying out a literature review (using a literature database, such as PubMed) – this, however, presupposes that you are clear, at the outset, just what search terms to use. If, as is perhaps more likely, you are not sure, then it is suggested that you make an initial poster plan, listing points, or even general areas, you might cover, and this might then allow you to identify possible search terms more easily. A short document on using PubMed is posted on WebLearn (there are, of course, other databases such as Science Direct, Medscape, Web of Knowledge, etc., you can use as well as, or instead of, PubMed).

It is always advisable, when making notes from the literature, to note the details of the source reference at the same time. It is all too easy to note down phrases or whole sentences from source references, and later forgot they were directly copied, and lay yourself open to plagiarism.

This assignment will be assessed for balance, accuracy and relevance.

This coursework assignment represents 40% of overall module score.

Please aim for 80-100% mark.

Discuss the Initiatives and interventions to reduce maternal mortality in Rural Nigeria.

TOPIC: Initiatives and interventions to reduce maternal mortality in Rural Nigeria. A quantitative Approach.

INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND – The public health problem that you wish to address (maximum 100 words)

Maternal Mortality, a global public health concern has high rate of occurrence in Sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria leading by contributing 20% of global statistics (WHO 2019). Nigeria has struggled to reduce this menace despite several local and international interventions. This study will review the outcomes of maternal mortality initiatives and interventions in Nigeria and further relate Eager’s (2004) and Nathanson’ s (1996) theories to evaluate ideas that offers explanation for decline in maternal mortality. The Community-Based interventions will partially fill the gap in documentation and processes contributing to reduction of maternal mortality in consonance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

What research question do you think you will need to find an answer to in order to be able to resolve this problem?     (Maximum 100 words)

The primary target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to ensure healthy living and promote the wellbeing. Numerous strategies and interventions have been proposed and implemented for reducing maternal mortality. This study will seek to answer, “To what extent can the reduction in the maternal mortality ratio be linked to ‘transformational agents’ and to the social construction of maternal health as a significant national issue in Nigeria based on available Literature.

RESEARCH AIM(s) and objectives (maximum 100 words)

The aim of this dissertation is to review the evidence from initiatives and interventions in reducing maternal mortality in rural Nigeria. The research objectives will Identifying interventions, programs or strategies taken by the Nigerian government that relate specifically to maternal health and reduction of maternal mortality. Secondly, identify the roles of individuals, local organizations, international agencies and social activism have played in reducing maternal mortalities in Nigeria and how it relates to the Eager (2004) and Nathanson’ s (1996) theories respectively.

METHOD (maximum 100 words)

Systematic searches were conducted from 1 April to 04 June 2022 in PubMed, Lancet, BMJ, Google scholar and the Bradford University Library Summon for available secondary data. Publications with interventions and programs to reduce maternal mortality in Nigeria were included The data extracted included source and year of publication, geographical setting, study design, target population(s), type of intervention/programme, reported outcomes and any reported facilitators or barriers. An additional step involved the supplemented searches of reference lists of the included articles to assess whether studies that are more eligible can be identified and included in consonance with Harvard Referencing standard.

POPULATION – What is your target population for your research? (Maximum 50 words) *

Interventions to reducing maternal mortality is a collaborative effort. Hence, the targeted population to achieve this objective will focus on these actors: Women of childbearing age in Nigeria and adolescent, health workers and promoters, Community leaders and policy makers.

DATA COLLECTION – What type of data collection method do you plan to use? (maximum 50 word) *

This study relies on documentary or secondary data, which are available through the internet, publications from Demographic Health services and Bradford University library using key phrases: “Maternal Mortality”, Interventions”, “Reduction or Decline” community-based and “Nigeria”. Data used are public and accessible. These data provides description of interventions at different times.

DATA ANALYSIS – What data analysis method will you choose? (maximum 100 words)

Data analysis will employ the process tracing method. It entails the utilization of important indicators from theory to produce an explanation for a specific event’s outcome (George and Bennett 2005). In other words, this method will help trace the sequence of events and results and how they correspond to the theoretical framework. This study will trace maternal health interventions by Nigerian government, other government and international agencies, contributions by social activist groups and “transformative actors”, with relationship to the processes of social construction of maternal mortality as a serious issue and how these events explain the outcome of Maternal Mortality.

THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK – Which theoretical concept(s) will you use to underpin your conceptual framework and research project? (maximum 100 words) *

The Theoretical concept from Eager (2004) and Nathanson (1996), will be used to answer the research question: “To what extent can the reduction in the maternal mortality rate in Nigeria linked to ‘transformational agents’ and to the social construction of maternal health and mortality. The transformational actors as those agents who have the capacity or power to change an existing norm. These theorists emphasized the role of government collaboration between medical professionals and non- governmental actors, and social movements in labeling specific health “risks” as critical to the nation and thereby bringing about outcomes in public health problems.

KEY REFERENCES – Main publications that are relevant to your topic:

In Progress!!

Discuss which of these appraisal methods IS the most suitable for this task and advise which of the two proposed schemes is the best.

Development decision making (1200 words)

You are required to propose a choice of two (2) housing schemes on the site for MF4BE to pick from. Decide on the total number of residential dwellings proposed for this site and the housing mix and types (e.g. 1 bedroom, 2 bedrooms etc). Note: a minimum of FOUR (4) house types is required for both proposed schemes. a. Undertake breakeven analyses (charts included) based on only the development of houses in both of the proposed schemes. Based on the breakeven analyses, advise MF4BE on which of the two schemes is the best. Market information can be gleaned from a variety of databases e.g. “Rightmove” that will provide reasonable comparables. Cost information can be obtained from sources such as the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) or Spon’s. (18 marks) b. With the use of the information from (a) above, advise MF4BE on the viability of the two proposed schemes by carrying out capital budgeting using the Return of Capital Employed (ROCE), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Discuss which of these appraisal methods IS the most suitable for this task and advise which of the two proposed schemes is the best. Make appropriate assumptions regarding the timing of the construction and sale of the units. (22 marks) Managerial Finance for the Built Environment 2021-22 Page | 4 of 6 The full report should include, among other things: • One-page executive summary of both Part 1 and Part 2- containing the key features and results of the report. This should be on a separate page placed at the beginning of the report • A brief introductory section • Numerical investigation • Findings – analysis and interpretation of results • Solutions, conclusions and recommendations • References (ensure that you use the Harvard System check the UWE library website for guidance) • Appendices – these should be used appropriately to show the workings (Calculations for Part 2 should be done in MS Excel) and should be limited to information supporting the report. Definitions of ratios should be within the report while ensuring that important information is not relegated to the appendices

assess the suitability of the chosen company, both as a building contractor and a potential investment, by preparing a report on the financial “health” of this company.

Purpose

The coursework is intended to provide you with the opportunity to demonstrate understanding and integration of the various aspects of the programme and this module. The aim should be to obtain, analyse and interpret financial information; assess the financial viability of a project and integrate them into a balanced decision-making framework. Project Brief: MF4BE, a leading local housing developer of the South West is considering a new housing development to be built under a quasisocial housing agreement with a national house-building firm. Several sites were identified in the initial feasibility studies, however, many of these required substantial demolitions of existing dwelling houses and relocation during construction and have thus been rejected. Source: http://www.eastofharrystoke.com/proposals/ Managerial Finance for the Built Environment 2021-22 Page | 2 of 6 The proposed development will take place on a site in a new neighbourhood called East of Harry Stoke (EoHS) situated on the urban edge of north Bristol near the University of the West of England and close to the M32 and M4 motorways. This site is mostly owned by Crest Nicholson and South Gloucestershire Council who intend to deliver about 2000 houses; while some parts are owned by other private landowners. MF4BE has purchased 4.5 hectares of the EoHS land from the private landowners for £3.5 million per hectare to enable it to carry out this development. MF4BE plans to develop the site to provide a mix of housing (including family housing, flats and sheltered accommodation), together with commercial uses in future and also provide some open spaces. In keeping with this, the average dwelling per hectare (density) for this development should NOT exceed 30. To achieve this undertaking, MF4BE is considering engaging a reputable construction company or housebuilder from a list of firms that have expressed interest. MF4BE is also considering taking a stake in a construction company or housebuilder as part of its long-term expansion goals of accessing other income. You are required to provide a report that will contain the following:

Part 1: 60 Marks Assessment of suitability of the construction or housebuilder firm (1800 words) You are required to select one (1) company from the table below which is a UK PLC that is quoted on the UK Stock Exchange. You must then obtain the most recently published “FULL ANNUAL REPORT” for the selected company. The annual report must be in the English language. You are required to assess the suitability of the chosen company, both as a building contractor and a potential investment, by preparing a report on the financial “health” of this company. This should be done by making use of financial ratios as revealed or implied by the most recent FULL annual report and its financial statements. Your report should be clear and succinct as if prepared for your boss (with no accounting knowledge) who is a very busy person with limited time to read it before an important meeting. All relevant information in the annual report should be used as necessary. Select one (1) company from this table Crest Nicholson Plc Managerial Finance for the Built Environment 2021-22 Page | 3 of 6 The detailed calculations of all ratios must be shown in FULL and must be attached separately as part of the Appendices either in Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel (Note: Please only restrict yourself to the ratios covered in class). A complete copy of the FULL ANNUAL REPORT must be attached as a separate file in the submission. Please DO NOT use the interim (half-year) annual report. The full annual report can be obtained online from the respective company’s website or by carrying out a search using your preferred internet “search engine”. You can use FAME (a database accessible through the UWE Library webpage) to check that the company is a PLC. Note that FAME should only be used to compare the ratios but all the ratios should be calculated manually.

An ongoing debate between scholars relying on interviews and scholars favoring observations concerns the dichotomy between what people say versus what people do. Discuss the arguments in this debate and make a case for your own position on this: is this a useful distinction – and why?

Description

Please write from a positivist paradigm (2000 words +- 10%) • Respond to an essay question by formulating a clear and well-supported argument, which is developed progressively throughout the essay Draw on your own independent literature search, starting off with the recommended and required readings introduced in the subject (see the Reading List) but going well beyond them to base your claims in relevant academic literature Include examples to illustrate your topic and/or explain your argument. These examples should be from existing, academic social science research (i.e., journal articles and other academic publications, not websites, consultancy reports, etc.) 1) Sayings versus doings: A useful distinction? An ongoing debate between scholars relying on interviews and scholars favoring observations concerns the dichotomy between what people say versus what people do. Discuss the arguments in this debate and make a case for your own position on this: is this a useful distinction – and why? It might be helpful to take your starting point in the attached reading by Atkinson & Coffey (2001).

Critically discuss the 5 RICS global ethical standards and explain how adhering to these standards may address the ethical dilemma created by the structural engineer.

Scenario

You are working for a contractor Quantity Surveying (QS) practice organization, contracted on a mixed-use development project comprising of various single-family detached homes and a 10 storey standalone shopping centre and you are working with a diverse project team that includes architects, designers, structural and civil engineers at different geographical locations, all internally contracted to the organization. The project is currently at the concept design stage following the RIBA plan of works (2020) and is required to incorporate sustainable construction methods to ensure a low operating and maintenance cost upon completion. As part of the pre-contract work, building regulations documents have been provided by the local authority and you have discovered an error in the design for the standalone shopping centre that can significantly increase the cost of the project and impact the safety and structural integrity of the structure, however, the lead designer has dismissed your concerns, stating that not all building regulations must be adhered to. Your director has asked you to take off quantities for selected items of construction works for the proposed residential development, following the traditional method of measurement and prepare a report for a strategic meeting addressing the following tasks:

Task  (approximately 2200 words)

In preparation for a strategic meeting, produce a report for your director that addresses the following points as it relates to the 10 storey standalone shopping centre only: • Critically discuss the 5 RICS global ethical standards and explain how adhering to these standards may address the ethical dilemma created by the structural engineer. (approximately 500 words). • Critically discuss the value management process and the benefits of value management on the proposed standalone shopping centre project. Use specific examples to support your discussion. (approximately 500 words). • Critically discuss the risk management process that can be applied to the proposed standalone shopping centre project and how this can contribute to overall project success. Support your answers with examples (approximately 500 words). • Critically discuss the benefits of BIM as a collaborative tool and how BIM can encourage sustainable construction with consideration of the pre-contract and post-contract stages of the overall project. (approximately 400 words). Your report should include an introduction and a conclusion (approximately 300 words).

Critically evaluate ethical, sustainable and environmental construction issues encountered in the role and work of an international professional cost manager.

Scenario

You are working for a contractor Quantity Surveying (QS) practice organization, contracted on a mixed-use development project comprising of various single-family detached homes and a 10 storey standalone shopping centre and you are working with a diverse project team that includes architects, designers, structural and civil engineers at different geographical locations, all internally contracted to the organization. The project is currently at the concept design stage following the RIBA plan of works (2020) and is required to incorporate sustainable construction methods to ensure a low operating and maintenance cost upon completion. As part of the pre-contract work, building regulations documents have been provided by the local authority and you have discovered an error in the design for the standalone shopping centre that can significantly increase the cost of the project and impact the safety and structural integrity of the structure, however, the lead designer has dismissed your concerns, stating that not all building regulations must be adhered to. Your director has asked you to take off quantities for selected items of construction works for the proposed residential development, following the traditional method of measurement and prepare a report for a strategic meeting addressing the following tasks: Удалить Водяной Знак Wondershare PDFelement Page 3 of 11 Task 1
Critically evaluate ethical, sustainable and environmental construction issues encountered in the role and work of an international professional cost manager.
Using a Standard Method of Measurement (SMM) and following the traditional method of measurement, take-off quantities for the following substructure items as shown in the drawings: • QSP7PCM D0810 • QSP7PCM D0814 • QSP7PCM D0830 • QSP7PCM D0831 List of items to be measured: • Topsoil excavation • Topsoil retention • External trench excavation • Disposal of excavated material • Concrete in trench foundation • Brickwork below DPC (up to DPC level) • Damp Proof Course (DPC). Your submission should include: a. A taking off list b. Marked up drawings. c. A query and answer sheet d. Measurement in the traditional dimension paper. (approximately 800 words equivalent) Ignore the measurement of telescopic vents. A bill of quantities is not required.

Critically synthesise reasoned solutions to problems associated with the procurement, tendering and management of project costs in the pre- and post-contract stages of a project, from the clients’ and contractors’ perspectives.

Submission of assignments All assignments must be submitted online in the module area of the VLE. The assignment submission link opens 21 days before the due date. Please refer to the information provided in the ‘Assessment preparation’ week for general submission guidance. NOTE: Postal submissions will not be accepted. Удалить Водяной Знак Wondershare PDFelement Page 2 of 11 Learning outcomes Code Description LO1 Critically evaluate the development of the global quantity surveying profession, including professional communication and collaboration, conduct rules and ethical practice. LO2 Demonstrate advanced knowledge and understanding of the principles and limitations of measurement together with their application and presentation; data analysis and/or application of spatial data and information and evaluation of the presentation. LO3 Critically synthesise reasoned solutions to problems associated with the procurement, tendering and management of project costs in the pre- and post-contract stages of a project, from the clients’ and contractors’ perspectives. LO4 Critically appraise the tools and techniques in pre- and post-contract risk, value and financial management, and communicate advice to different types of construction clients. LO5 Critically evaluate ethical, sustainable and environmental construction issues encountered in the role and work of an international professional cost manager. This assignment has been designed to develop measurement and quantification skills therefore specific items have been selected for measurement.

Describe how you would review your organization’s financial standing.

Description

Instructions You will continue to write about the company you chose in Week 1. This week, you will write on the following points below. Your submission should be approximately 2 pages long and use at least two credible resources. Your organization is public so you can find the 10K report that shows a snapshot of your organization’s financial health. Note: A 10-K is a comprehensive report filed annually by a publicly-traded company about its financial performance and is required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Research and review the website of the company you chose for most of this information needed below: Financial Background Company Name Describe how you would review your organization’s financial standing. Financial Information What stock exchange is the company stock traded on (ex. NYSE, NASDAQ)? Price of 1 share of company stock 1 year ago Price of 1 share of company stock today Research why the stock rose or fell over the course of a year – did anything happen within or to the company to cause a stock increase or decrease? Investment Opportunity Would you buy stock and invest in this company? Explain your decision. Resource number 1: Nickels, W. (2020). Understanding Business: The Core (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://ecpi.vitalsource.com/books/9781264125975 You would have to find a credible 2nd source

If you were the marketing manager, describe one change you would make to improve the marketing strategy.

Description

Marketing is how organizations reach their customers. Over the past 50 years, marketing has changed dramatically. According to your textbook, the best way for companies to compete is to design and promote better products, giving customers the best value. In order to do this, as you have seen, companies have to be nimble through a changing market, including a changing consumer. Technology, social media, and the pandemic have all had a big impact on the strategic marketing approach. Instructions You will continue to write about the company you chose and the template from Week 1. This week you will write on the points below. Your submission should be approximately 2 pages long and use at least two credible resources. Research and make sure you read Chapter 12 in your book before reviewing the company’s website for information needed below: The Marketing Mix Product Describe the products (goods and services) this company offers. Note: Large corporations usually have numerous products. If this is the case, you can narrow them down to one. Price Discuss the pricing strategy of the company – are they premium priced? Value priced? Does the company offer a range of products covering various price ranges? Example: Toyota sells economy cars and luxury cars. Place Explain how and where this company sells its products. Promotion What is the main brand (or brands)? Briefly describe how this company advertises. Social Media Marketing Identify and describe how this company uses social networks. Example: Facebook, Twitter, YouTube. Conclusion

Summarize and provide your overall opinion of this company’s marketing mix. If you were the marketing manager, describe one change you would make to improve the marketing strategy. Resorce:UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS: THE CORE, SECOND EDITION Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2021 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous edition © 2016. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 25 24 23 22 21 20 ISBN 978-1-264-05959-1 (bound edition) MHID 1-264-05959-0 (bound edition) ISBN 978-1-264-12617-0 (loose-leaf edition) MHID 1-264-12617-4 (loose-leaf edition) Executive Portfolio Manager: Meredith Fossel Executive Marketing Manager: Nicole Young Senior Product Developer: Anne Leung Lead Content Project Manager: Christine Vaughan Senior Content Project Manager: Bruce Gin Content Licensing Specialist: Traci Vaske Senior Designer: Matt Diamond Senior Buyer: Laura Fuller Cover Image: McGraw-Hill Compositor: SPi Global