Just another WordPress site
Just another WordPress site
Suggest a definition for ‘core stability.’ Your definition should be clear about what your interpretation of the ‘core’ is.
. Complete the following table, suggesting two muscles which may be inhibited, and two muscles which may be tight in each postural case.
| Potentially inhibited muscles | Potentially tight muscles | |
| Kyphosis (which may result from upper crossed syndrome) | ||
| Lordosis (which may result from lower crossed syndrome) |
Suggest a definition for ‘good posture’. Include indications of why good posture is important.
A client is having muscular strength tested on the bench press.
For the first lift, 50 kg is put on the bar. The client will be using the pectoralis major muscle which has 500 motor units (300 slow twitch and 200 fast twitch) and the triceps muscles. The CNS stimulates 280 motor units leading to the pectoralis major muscle (180 slow twitch and 100 fast twitch). Remember, each nerve ending stimulates a separate muscle fibre.
The pectoralis major and triceps muscles shorten and the clients arm extends outward raising the bar with 50 kg on it. After a few minutes of rest, 100 kg is placed on the bar. This time the action stimulates 380 motor units (260 slow twitch and120 fast twitch). The weight is successfully lifted. After a few minutes of rest, 150 kg is placed on the bar. This time the action stimulates 460 motor units (280 slow twitch and 180 fast twitch). Which of the proprioceptors is likely to react at this point, why, and with what result?
Complete the following table to provide a summary of the function and roles of different nervous system receptors.
| Receptor | Main function | Associated reflex |
| Muscle spindle | ||
| Golgi tendon organ |
Assessment task instructions
You are required to write a report investigating 3 of the following categories of disease. Please bear in mind that when you discuss the categories of disease you must use the appropriate terminology.
The categories of disease to be investigated are;
You must then identify and explain one disease (from one of the above categories) and the link to 2 predisposing factors associated with this disease. These factors may include age, sex, inherited factors, lifestyle, physical and chemical damage, mental health, pre-existing illness or any other relevant pre-disposing factors.
Finally, you must describe;
Description
As a learner in Pathophysiology, it’s important to take the information you are absorbing from your coursework and connect it to real life. Throughout the semester you will be invited to make connections by locating, reviewing, and summarizing current and relevant journal articles. Use the following link to learn how to find and evaluate an online source: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/online‑health‑information‑it‑reliable#where (Links to an external site.) Please follow the instructions below: 1. Locate a current (medical or scientific) news or journal article based on one of the topics listed below: Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System, (Chapter 10, p. 213) Paraneoplastic Syndromes, (Chapter 11, p. 247) Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, (Chapter 19, p. 429) Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands, (Chapter 19, p. 433) Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations, (Chapter 20, p. 447 – Table 20-1) Alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary systems (Chapter 20, p. 447) Alterations of Thyroid Function (Chapter 20, p. 453) Alterations of Parathyroid Function (Chapter 20, p. 456) Note: As you read through the article, think about how it connects to Pathophysiology and why is it relevant. 2. Provide a write-up summarizing the article. Within your document, include how the information connects to Pathophysiology, and why it is relevant. 3. Aim to include 150 – 200 words in the summary. 4. Remember to cite your source(s) in APA Format!
Our discussion, this week, will focus on the thyroid.
Respond to the following statements and questions, using the included case study, in your discussion submission.
Discussion Assignment:
Thyroid hormones exert their effects on cells in a manner similar to steroid hormones; describe the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones.
Why would an imbalance in thyroid hormones have such widespread effects on the body?
Why was goiter observed in George’s case?
Why would calcium homeostasis be impaired in response to removal of the thyroid gland?
What could be used to specifically destroy the thyroid gland and have minimal effects on other cells and tissues in the body?
Case Study:
George is a thirty five year old hardware clerk. During his routine physical he casually mentions to his physician that he seems to be sweating more profusely than normal and most rooms that once were comfortable are now too “hot”. At home a room that his wife and children find to be comfortable causes him to sweat profusely. George also reports that he seems to be losing weight even though his appetite has increased. He also complains that he has a shortened attention span and that he always wants to be moving around. Despite the fact that he feels fatigued, George claims to have difficulty sleeping and seems to have more frequent bowel movements, occasionally accompanied by diarrhea. The physician discovers George has lost 15 pounds since his last physical. In checking his chart, the physician finds that George has a negative history for chronic illnesses, does not smoke, and has a low risk for cardiovascular disease. He does however have a positive family history for autoimmune diseases. His father suffers from idiopathic thrombocytopenia, his mother has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and his oldest sister was recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Results of George’s physical examination were within normal ranges with the exception of the following: he demonstrated tachycardia, loud heart sounds, and apparent cardiac arrhythmias accompanied by slight hypertension. These arrhythmias were confirmed by electrocardiogram to be supraventricular in origin. George’s eyeballs appeared large and protruding and his hair was fine and soft. He was also beginning to demonstrate some degree of alopecia. George was also observed to have palmar erythema. palpation of the neck revealed the presence of goiter. Results of blood tests indicated elevated concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronine), hypercalcemia, and decreased circulating concentrations of lipids. Based on the physical characteristics and the results of the blood tests, George’s physician suspected that George was suffering from some form of hyperthyroidism and sent him to an endocrinologist to confirm the initial diagnosis.
Following the initial consultation and examination, the endocrinologist ordered tests to determine whether George was indeed hyperthyroid. The test results indicated an elevation in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood and the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. These antibodies specifically stimulate the thyroid gland by binding with the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor located on the plasma membrane of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Based on these results, the endocrinologist concluded that George had Grave’s disease, a form of hyperthyroidism believed to be autoimmune in nature. George was presented with a number of possible treatment options. These included treatment with chemicals (propylthiouracil and methimazole) that decrease the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, radioisotopic destruction of the thyroid gland by the use of 131I, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland. After considering all the options, especially the possible effects of radiation on gamete development, George chose surgery. Following successful surgery, George was prescribed synthetic thyroid hormone to ensure that his body was receiving adequate thyroid hormone and told to return within 2 months for a follow-up evaluation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. He was also cautioned to carefully monitor his calcium intake.
Overview: The financial model assignment will give you an opportunity to explore the company you will be using for your final project and it will also give you practice in creating a simple spreadsheet. You will be expected to utilize spreadsheets as exhibits in your final project external capital funding proposal. Prompt: Choose one of the following companies, which you will use in your final project proposal: 1. Alteryx 2. L.S. Starrett Company 3. Nordstrom, Inc. Draft a one-page spreadsheet showing financial history and projected performance for the company you have chosen. The rows should include revenue, expenses, calculated profit, and calculated profit margin. The columns should be years: two years of history, plus three years of your reasonable future projections. Include a few sentences of key assumptions and conclusions. The spreadsheet must have accurate calculations and the cells of the spreadsheet should show your calculation formulas. Your spreadsheet should look professional on screen and when printed (including a heading and meaningful number formatting). Submit this assignment as an Excel spreadsheet file, not a PDF document. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: • Show two years of financial history including revenue, expenses, calculated profit, and calculated profit margins. • Show three years of future financial projections for revenue, expenses, calculated profit, and calculated profit margins. • Show calculation formulas in cells where appropriate rather than “inputting” numbers. • Identify key assumptions and conclusions regarding financial projections. • Present data in a professional manner with headings and meaningful number formatting.