Political Science American Government and Civic Engagement Essay

Final Exam Essay Question Through this course, we have discussed the role of politics in our lives and the importance of understanding why politics exist. In preparation for the final exam please look through your class notes, PowerPoint, and articles provided to prepare to answer the question below.Keep in mind that your answers should express your ideas and you are to use the book as a resource to support your answer. If you use some of the direct quotes or ideas from the book, make sure that you indicate in your response the page number and chapter of where this idea appeared in your book.Example: “According to the authors, more than 15,000 job skills are represented in the federal government, and its workers are perhaps the best trained and most skilled and efficient in the world” (Ch. 8, pg.281) Friendly reminder, you are to use the information provided in this class through your chapter readings, lectures, class notes, and articles provided in this course.Using your textbook/PowerPoint, briefly define democracy and share what theory of democracy exist in the United States. Evaluate in detail THREE of the items from the list below that you feel has the greatest impact on advancing democracy in the United States. (Provide examples to support your answer)Chapter 1Democracy, Direct democracy, initiative, referendum, recall, Government, Political Ideology, conservative, Liberal, Socialism, Libertarianism, Theories of democracy: Majoritarianism, Elite theory, PluralismChapter 2Articles of Confederation, Anti federalist, Federalist, Representative assembly, Mayflower compact, Thomas Paine “Common Sense”, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, Virginia and New Jersey plan, checks and balances.Chapter 3Three systems of government: Unitary, Confederal, Federal, Arguments in favor and against Federalism, Enumerated Powers, Necessary Powers, Inherent Powers, Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers, Police Powers, Concurrent Powers, Prohibited Powers, Supremacy clause, Categorical grants, Block grants, Federal mandates.Chapter 4Fourteenth amendment, Incorporation theory, Establishment clause, Lemon v. Kurtzman 1971, Free exercise clause, no prior restraint, Symbolic speech, Tinker v. Des Moines 1969, Clear and Present Danger, Miller v. California 1973, Osborne v. Ohio 1990, Child Protection Act of 1894, Slander, Libel, New York v Sullivan 1964, Gag Order, Right to Assemble and Petition, Griswold v. Connecticut 1965, Roe v. Wade 1973, Dobbs v Jackson women’s health organization 2022, Right to die, Rights of the accused: 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th Amendment, Exclusionary rule; Mapp v. Ohio 1961, Miranda v Arizona 1966, Gideon v. Wainwright 1963,Chapter 5Civil Rights, Civil War amendments (13th, 14th, 15th) , Civil Rights Act of 1866, Enforcement act of 1870, Civil rights act of 1872, Second Civil Rights Act of 1875, Plessy v. Ferguson 1896, Separate but equal doctrine, White primary, Grandfather clause, Poll taxes and literacy tests, Brown v. Board of Education 1954, Dejure segregation, Defacto Segregation, Civil Rights Act 1964, Voting rights act of 1965, Civil Rights act o 1968, 19th amendment, Feminism, Equal Rights Amendment, Gender discrimination, Sexual harassment, Strict scrutiny, Affirmative actionChapter 6Public opinion, consensus, divided opinion, political socialization, agents of political socialization, peer groups, opinion leaders, generational effect, gender gap,Chapter 9 & 10Interest group, lobbyist , social movement, labor movement, public interest, direct technique, indirect technique, political parties, independent, factionChapter 11Bicameral, lawmaking, logrolling, trustee, instructed delegate, politico, oversight, twelfth amendment, filibuster, reapportionment, redistricting, gerrymandering, house rules committee, Speaker of the House, President Pro tempore, 1974 Budget Impoundment Control Act, authorization, appropriation, government shutdown, incumbent, differences between House of Representatives and Senate, Office and management Budget.Chapter 12Constitutional requirement to become president, term of president, 22nd Amendment, head of state, chief executive, commander in chief, executive agreement, state of the union, patronage, going public, constitutional powers, statutory powers, expressed powers, executive order, executive privilege, impeachment, cabinet, chief of staff, vice president, 25th amendment, Succession Act of 1947Chapter 13(Open stax pages 514-515)Marbury v. Madison 1803, Judicial review, Brief, Civil law, Common law, Criminal law concurring opinion, dissenting opinion, judicial activism, Judicial restraint, majority opinion, oral argument, original jurisdiction rule of four, From the list above, select ONE item that you feel has hindered the advancement of democracy? Provide examples to support your response. In your conclusion, considering your answer to the first question, explain your role in ensuring an effective democracy? Elaborate your response by describing three things you plan to do to ensure democracy.