Describe the three processes involved in urine formation.

Part 4: Questions 10-11 [38 POINTS]

 

  1. Describe the three processes involved in urine formation. Be detailed about each process, where each process occurs, and the role each process plays in overall urine formation. [6 POINTS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    1. Describe BOTH the anatomy AND physiology of the nephron (i.e discuss all five (5) main parts of the nephron/collecting system). Be specific. [10 POINTS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe how the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ in function and permeability (i.e ascending vs. descending limbs). Be specific. Explain how this contributes to urine formation. [4 POINTS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is meant by “renal multiplier” and “renal countercurrent” exchanger?” Be specific about what each one represents. [4 POINTS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Discuss TWO major hormones involved in urine formation. Describe the effects of each hormone, the portion of nephron/collection system that each acts, and how both are regulated. [6 POINTS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Discuss the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (R-A-A-S). How does this pathway work and how are the various body systems that we learned about this semester (i.e endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, GI, and urinary) involved in this pathway? [8 POINTS]