How do the authoritarian regimes of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan utilize tribalism to weaken the emergence of a united opposition within the population?

Political and Social Tribalism in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

Abstract

Introduction: Tribalism refers to attitudes and behaviors originating from strong loyalty to one’s social group or tribe. Tribal ties are still strong in some places, both socially and politically, and the tribe has survived as a symbol of social and political identity and commitment. Variations of this universal design may still be seen in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. For example, much discussion about these societies’ splits and the tribal type phenomenon is still vital to modern Kazak and Turkmen civilizations. Still, it has been grossly exaggerated as a widespread attribute of the remaining ‘tribal cultures. The authoritarian regimes have used tribalism in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan to inhibit the creation of a cohesive opposition within the society.

Objectives: This research aims to identify how authoritarian governments in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have used tribalism to undermine the formation of a cohesive opposition within the public. Another goal is to study the importance of clan and patriarchal preferences in Central Asian areas using Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan as examples and dissect tribalism and clannism and explore significant events in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.

Research question: How do the authoritarian regimes of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan utilize tribalism to weaken the emergence of a united opposition within the population?

Methodology: A case study will be used in this study. Well-established research questions in various domains, most notably the social sciences, will be used to answer research questions. It will involve dividing clannism and tribalism into two portions. Using existing published material on the same topic, background research, and examining significant events in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan will answer the study question.

Background: Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have earned a reputation as the world’s most oppressive governments in the twenty-first century. Turkmenistan is becoming more widely regarded as a prominent global energy actor. The government of Turkmenistan, like that of certain other resource-rich countries, can keep control over money from hydrocarbon exports, which it uses to fund widespread security services and patronage networks

Literature review: Background research and examine significant events in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan using published material on the same topic.

Finding: The predicted result is that tribalism and the authoritarian regimes in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan are linked