Describe a situation you experienced or witnessed in the workplace when a current or past supervisor used a transformational approach to motivate their employees. Was it effective? What about the supervisor’s behaviors marked them as a transformational leader?

In this assignment, your critical-thinking skills will be assessed. The critical-thinking rubric will be useful for this purpose. In this course, MGT401, critical-thinking skills will be assessed at the “introduced” level. In MGT420, they are assessed at the “reinforced” level. Finally, in MGT422 your critical thinking skills will be assessed at the “emphasized” level. The grading rubric for critical-thinking skills at the undergraduate level has been developed to measure student success in meeting the MGT401 SLP 3 expectations. Rubrics for the other two courses are included in their respective assignments.
Before starting this assignment, be sure that you are familiar with what is meant by “critical thinking.”
Critical thinking is one of the five key rubric criteria by which your assignments are graded. Therefore, you are expected to demonstrate evidence of critical thinking in all assignments. The following might help you to learn the concept of critical thinking.
Lack, C. W., & Rousseau, J. (2016). Chapter 4: What is critical thinking? In 
Critical thinking, science, and pseudoscience: Why we can’t trust our brains. Springer Publishing Company. Available in the Trident Online Library, EBSCO eBook Collection.

For the Module 3 SLP assignment, you will apply the concepts from the background materials to your own personal experiences. You can write about the same supervisor you wrote about in Modules 1 and 2, or choose a different supervisor that you worked with and got to know well.
Carefully review the concepts and definitions of charismatic, transformational, and transactional leadership. Then write a 
2- to 3-page paper (which means at least 2 full pages) and include at least two scholarly peer-reviewed sources from the Trident Online Library or the assignment background materials addressing the following issues using specific examples from your personal experiences:

1. Describe a situation you experienced or witnessed in the workplace when a current or past supervisor used a 
transformational approach to motivate their employees. Was it effective? What about the supervisor’s behaviors marked them as a transformational leader?

2. Describe a situation you experienced or witnessed in the workplace when a current or past supervisor used a charismatic approach to motivate their employees. Was it effective? What about the supervisor’s behaviors marked them as a charismatic leader?
3. Describe a situation you experienced or witnessed in the workplace when a current or past supervisor used a 
transactional approach to motivate their employees. Was it effective? What about the supervisor’s behaviors marked them as a transactional leader?

4. Based on what you’ve read for this class so far as well as from your own experience working with different supervisors, which approach, transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership is more effective as a leadership style in your organization?
To support your answers, use both of the following: your personal experiences and at least 2 scholarly sources from the required or optional readings list. 
1. Your SLP should be 2 – 3 pages in length (not including title and reference pages). This means the submission must be at least 2 full pages. It must include an introduction below the paper’s title prior to the answer to the first assignment question and a Conclusion on the last page before the References list page. There should be nothing in the top left corner of the paper and only a page number in the top right corner of all pages.
2. Be sure to cite and reference (using APA Style) a minimum of 2 scholarly sources listed in the Course Materials and Bibliography (Module 3 Required and Optional Reading List), in the Module 3 Background Page: Required and Optional Readings, or in the Trident Online Library (peer-reviewed journal articles)..
3. Upload your paper to the SLP 3 Dropbox before the assignment due date.
4. Include both a reference page and in-text citations. Citation and reference style instructions are available at Trident University’s 

Write a summary of the assessment and the skills utilized. 1. What skills (assessment techniques) were utilized during the assessment? 1. What subjective data did you collect? (list your findings) 1. What objective data did you collect? (list your findings)

healthassessmentweek6.docx

Assess and Document
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Module 06 Content
1.
Top of Form
Conduct an assessment of the following body system: 
· Skin-comprehensive assessment
You may conduct the assessment on a fellow student, friend, or family member. Remember to secure their permission.

Use the worksheet provided in class & Collect both subjective and objective data using the process described in the textbook. Review the Evolve resources & video on Skin located in the Overview tab under Module 6

Write a summary of the assessment and the skills utilized.
1. What skills (assessment techniques) were utilized during the assessment?
1. What subjective data did you collect? (list your findings)
1. What objective data did you collect? (list your findings
 
APA format isn’t required. 

·
Study guide & lab manual for Physical Examination & Health Assessment, Chapters 13 and 14 

· Video Clip – 
Physical Examination & Health Assessment, Chapter 13 (found in the Textbook Student Resources)

·

Skin

·
Physical Examination & Health Assessment, Chapter 13 PowerPoint

·
Physical Examination & Health Assessment, Chapter 14 PowerPoint

Bottom of Form
Jarvis, C. ([Insert Year of Publication]). Physical Examination and Health Assessment (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences (US).
https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9780323510806

Jarvis, C. ([Insert Year of Publication]). Study Guide & Laboratory Manual for Physical Examination & Health Assessment (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9780323532037

Explain how school counselors promote social justice through the implementation of an ASCA National Model-based schoo+C87l counseling program.

Reply to at least two classmate’s posts, applying the RISE Model for Meaningful Feedback
I will also show an example below of how the response needs to be addressed.
Here’s an example of how the response should look. Please don’t copy it. 
The response to the classmate need to be just like this. 
Example Response (Response Needs to be writen just like the response below No copying)
RISE Feedback:
REFLECT: I concur with “Action plans should reflect the type of services that are needed and have an idea of the expected outcome of the services” because it is in line with Hatch and Hartline’s intentional school counseling guidelines in regards to determining students needs.
INQUIRE: Can you further explain what “closing-the-gap action plans” are? 
SUGGEST: I encourage you to revisit Hatch and Hartline’s MTMDSS tier interventions in order to add a citation that would illustrate your example on bullying prevention efforts. 
ELEVATE: What if you re-purposed “For example, after a needs assessment, the school is having problems with bullying” as “Following Trish Hatch’s MTMDSS tier based interventions, if the school is having problems with bullying, after a needs assessment, we could… citation…”  for a more weighted argument?
ReferencesHatch, T., & Hartline, J. (2022). The use of data in school counseling: Hatching results (and so much more) for students, programs and the profession (2nd Ed.). Corwin.
****PLEASE RESPOND IN DEPTH***************************************************
Below are the two classmate discussion post that you will need to respond to
************************************************
Classmate Response 1- Areva
Explain how school counselors promote social justice through the implementation of an ASCA National Model-based school counseling program.
As school counselors we have to make sure we are keeping up with world events and social rights that are occurring around us. Not just Statewide but world events that are even going on in our own city. When we do this we have a better chance of connecting with our students and helping our school as a whole. According to the ASCA model guides school counselors in the development of school counseling programs that:

 are based on data-informed decision making
 are delivered to all students systematically
include a developmentally appropriate curriculum focused on the mindsets and behaviors all students need for postsecondary readiness and success
close achievement and opportunity gaps
result in improved student achievement, attendance and discipline

Discuss how social justice is embedded throughout the four components of the ASCA National Model and provide specific examples.
Define: Establishes student and professional standards that a counseling program should follow. 
Manage: Used to gather data and adjust the program to meet the needs of the students and the school in a data-driven application. 
Deliver : Provides a school counselor with resources to help students reach their goals as well as resolve conflicts that may arise. 
Assess: Assist school counselors to improve their program and evaluate their personal growth throughout the program development process.
With these four components, school counselors have to educate themselves on appropriate trauma responses in an effort to not cause further distress to students who feel ashamed of their diversity or feel as if social justice hasn’t been done. We can talk about social justice all day but if nothing is being done it leaves open the possibility for more trauma to develop or resurface. We must take a proactive approach to work with students after racial incidents occur. School counselors must put into action the ASCA themes of leadership, advocacy, collaboration and systemic change. If your efforts are not continuous and purposeful in addressing systemic issues, a process necessary for systemic change, then you are not working to solve many of the problems that have preceded and contributed to our current climate.
Explain the role data plays in advocating for social justice within your school counseling program.
Without data you cannot have effective change. I believe as school counselors data is the backbone of a school counseling program . Using data establishes trust in your school counseling program. Data brings validity to what you’re already doing and what your future goals are within the program. When you have data to back you up you’re more likely to be trusted and succeed in social justice and diversity. 
                                                                        Reference
American School Counselor Association. (2019). ASCA national model: A framework for school Counseling programs (4th ed). ASCA.
************************************************************************************************************
Classmate Reponse 2- Stormee
Explain how school counselors promote social justice through the implementation of an ASCA National Model-based school counseling program.
School counselors can promote social justice through utilizing current  global events, and social rights activities throughout our communities and the world.  The ASCA model guides school counselors in developing school counseling programs utilizing data-informed decision making that are based on data-informed decision making to close opportunity gaps that result in hire student achievement delivered systematically in developmentally appropriate curriculum that supports student behavior and mindsets to support student success.
Discuss how social justice is embedded throughout the four components of the ASCA National Model and provide specific examples.
Define
The ASCA National Model’s  Define section Provides details on developing a School counseling program that aligns with the vision and mission of the school which also includes Professional Standards and the development of student competencies.( ASCA) Social justice can be implemented by Advocating for others and oneself, developing equity and inclusion practices in student competencies that demonstrate How an individual and group identity was greatly impacted by diversity. The development of Professional Standards that focus on and promote social justice within the school learning community. 
Manage: This component is utilized to gather data and make informed decisions to improve programs to meet the needs of current students.
Deliver : This section provides resources to school counselors that assist students in resolving conflicts and reaching personal and academic goals.
Assess: The program development process supports school counselors in improving their programs through evaluation of personal growth.  
It is essential for school counselors to seek further education on ways to appropriately respond to trauma that students experience due to the lack of social justice or challenges with diversity. Action has to be taken to prevent further trauma for students. School counselors must be proactive in working with students in regards to social justice issues. Continuous and purposeful actions are necessary to address systemic issues through the ASCA themes of systemic change, collaboration, advocacy, and leadership.
Explain the role data plays in advocating for social justice within your school counseling program.
The foundation of School counseling is effective data analysis  to begin to create change in a school environment. Trust can be established in a school counseling program through the effective use of data driven informed decision making. This will create a more trusted and successful setting to improve in the areas of diversity and social justice.you’re more likely to be trusted and succeed in social justice and diversity. 
                                                                        Reference
American School Counselor Association. (2019). ASCA national model: A framework for school Counseling programs (4th ed). ASCA.

You have been hired as the practice administrator, and are attending the first organizational meeting with the ten doctors The doctors have expressed frustration with financial reporting at their other practices, and want to you develop a monthly financial package and presentation. What five financial reports will you present to them on a monthly basis? Explain each one, and how each it is used to monitor the financial health of the organization. 

Part 1
Read the following scenario
A group of no general surgeons have decided to form a group practice, George Mason Surgical Associates. They have left other practices to form this new group.
You have been hired as the practice administrator, and are attending the first organizational meeting with the ten doctors
The doctors have expressed frustration with financial reporting at their other practices, and want to you develop a monthly financial package and presentation. hat five financial reports will you present to them on a monthly basis? Explain each one, and how each it is used to monitor the financial health of the organization. 

write and answer the following questions

What five financial reports will you present to them on a monthly basis? Explain each one, and how each it is used to monitor the financial health of the organization. 

Part 2
Please read and review the two articles on benchmarking… Getting a Clearer Picture …”Monitoring the Right Reports”
-In your opinion, explain the three top /most important ratios in running a medical practice and why you think they are important 
Part 3
Read capko, chapter 6, “Avoiding and Surviving a Monev Crunch *
– List four main issues you feel Evergreen Medical Group is facing, and the solutions you have identified to address the issues. 

You are a medical professor in charge of creating college assignments and answers for medical college students. You design and conduct lectures, evaluate student performance and provide feedback through examinations and assignments. Answer each question separately. Include and Introduction. Provide an answer to this content

Part 1
Read the following scenario
A group of no general surgeons have decided to form a group practice, George Mason Surgical Associates. They have left other practices to form this new group.
You have been hired as the practice administrator, and are attending the first organizational meeting with the ten doctors
The doctors have expressed frustration with financial reporting at their other practices, and want to you develop a monthly financial package and presentation
write and answer the following questions

What five financial reports will you present to them on a monthly basis? Explain each one, and how each it is used to monitor the financial health of the organization. 

Part 2
Please read and review the two articles on benchmarking… Getting a Clearer Picture …”Monitoring the Right Reports”
-In your opinion, explain the three top /most important ratios in running a medical practice and why you think they are important 
Part 3
Read capko, chapter 6, “Avoiding and Surviving a Monev Crunch *
– List four main issues you feel Evergreen Medical Group is facing, and the solutions you have identified to address the issues. 

. Do not write who you are in the answer.

Think about some of the leaders in your life and career. Do you think they are good leaders? Bad leaders? A little bit of both? How much of your assessment of their leadership effectiveness is tied to the leader’s communication patterns?

Getting Started

Take a moment and think about some of the leaders in your life and career. Do you think they are good leaders? Bad leaders? A little bit of both?
How much of your assessment of their leadership effectiveness is tied to the leader’s communication patterns? Do they listen or ignore? Are they inspiring or defeating? Do they energize or de-energize? Are they critical or supportive? How do they make you feel about yourself?
Often, much of how we assess our leaders has a communication component to it. Communication can be complex, especially at the organizational level. However, becoming a better communicator can be a key “tool” to become a better organizational leader.

Upon successful completion of this assignment, you will be able to:

· Articulate the key challenges and opportunities for effective organizational communication.

Background Information

Communication is often considered the glue that holds organizations together. It binds all of the parts together so that leaders and members can achieve the organizational mission. One important idea about communication is that we are always doing it. Even choosing not to communicate is communicating “something.” For that reason, within the organizational context the question is not whether communication is occurring. In many ways, an organization “is” communication. Rather, the key question is how well or how effectively we are communicating. Lots of factors can influence communication effectiveness. For example, organizations with tall hierarchies have unique communication characteristics when compared to organizations that are more decentralized or flatter. Issues also can emerge when we consider the difference between formal and informal communication. Within any organization, there are barriers to good communication as well as habits, interventions, or skills to promote good communication and a productive organization.

Instructions

1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade. 
2. Watch the video “What is Organizational Communication? 2.0”

3. Read the following articles:
a.

Structures
(new tab)

 – there are 5 pages you flip through to read the whole article. 

b.

Tall Organization vs. Flat Organization: What’s the Difference?
(new tab)

c.

Managing Organizational Communication
(new tab)

d.

Internal vs. External Communications: Loving Soulmates or Strange Bedfellows?
(new tab)

e.

Communication Barriers
(new tab)

4. Compose a 3-4 page paper that addresses the following prompts:
a. Introduction to the paper, including a brief description and definition of organizational communication (make sure to cite where you got the definition). 
b. Consider your own organization. Is it tall or flat? How does that impact communication in your organization?
c. Is your organization better at internal or external communication? Explain why you think this. 
d. What is the single greatest barrier to excellent communication in your organization?  How would you advise your leaders to change the way that communication flows through or out of the organization?  
e. Conclusion to the paper, including a one-paragraph “philosophy” of organizational communication (i.e., why is it important? What does a leader need to know/do? Why?)
5. All papers are to be written and formatted in accordance with APA Guidelines (7th ed.). Papers must be logical, well organized, grammatically correct, and have correct spelling and sentence structure. Write in complete paragraphs of at least three sentences in length.
6. Feel free to utilize Academic Writer (APA formatting resource) and Grammarly (grammar and plagiarism check) on the 

IWU Resources
(new tab)

 page.

7. Proofread your papers prior to submitting them to ensure the highest quality of presentation. 
8. Submit your paper to your instructor using the assignment submission link by the end of Day 7 of the workshop.  
image1.jpeg

You have been selected to be a part of the Assessment Team at Trident International Hospital (TIH). Explain the two tools that were selected, identify why they would be beneficial.

https://tlc.trident.edu/d2l/le/content/201354/viewContent/5059885/View 1/2

Module 2 – SLP

STRATEGIES, ASSESSMENT, TOOLS, AND OUTCOMES IN QI

Outcome measures (mortality, readmission, patient experience, etc.) are the quality
and cost targets healthcare organizations are trying to improve. There are a vast
array of outcome measures, likely in the hundreds. However, the seven outcome
measures the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2016) uses to
calculate hospital quality are some of the most common in healthcare: (1) general
information, (2) survey of patients’ experiences, (3) timely & effective care, (4)
complications, (5) readmissions & deaths, (6) use of medical imaging, and (7)
payment & value of care. Outcome assessments are tools used for collection and
analysis of evidence about the achievement/attainment of a certain measure for the
purposes of improvement and to determine or demonstrate its effectiveness.

U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2016). Hospital compare.
Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/medicare/quality-initiatives-patient-assessment-
instruments/hospitalqualityinits/hospitalcompare.html

You have been selected to be a part of the Assessment Team at Trident International
Hospital (TIH). Explain the two tools that were selected, identify why they would be beneficial
to use in the assessment process, and describe how the tools would be ideal in
demonstrating whether or not wait time has been impacted based on the changes. In
addition, discuss the reliability and accuracy of each selected tool.
TIH has recently remodeled and restructured the emergency room
(ER) department. The team will be conducting a quality assessment to see if wait
time in the ER has been reduced as a result of the changes. As part of the
preliminary development of the assessment process, you have been asked to
research and provide two outcome assessment tools that can be used as a part of
this process.

In a 10-slide PowerPoint presentation (10 slides not including title or reference
slide), explain the two tools that were selected, identify why they would be beneficial
to use in the assessment process, and describe how the tools would be ideal in
demonstrating whether or not wait time has been impacted based on the changes. In
addition, discuss the reliability and accuracy of each selected tool.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Conduct additional research to gather sufficient information to justify/support your
training.

1. Limit your response to a maximum of 10 slides (title and reference slide is not
included in page number count).

2. Support your responses with peer-reviewed articles, with 3 to 4 references. Use
the following link for additional information on how to recognize peer-reviewed
journals:

?Listen??

8/29/23, 5:28 PM SLP – BHA435 Healthcare Quality Assessment and Improvement (2023AUG14FT-1)

https://tlc.trident.edu/d2l/le/content/201354/viewContent/5059885/View 2/2

Privacy Policy | Contact

How to Recognize Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journals
http://www.angelo.edu/services/library/handouts/peerrev.php.

3. You may use the following source to assist in formatting your assignment:
Purdue Owl – https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.

4. For additional information on reliability of sources, review the following source:
https://nccih.nih.gov/health/webresources.

5. This assignment will be graded based on the content in the rubric.

6. Be sure that you do not cut and paste material into your slides, but use proper
quotations where needed, and also citations for all reference materials. The same
expectations apply to PowerPoint presentations as to documents.

How might your own cultural background affect the efficacy of the career intervention strategies you chose to use with your students?

Must Read Everything: 
Reply to at least two classmate’s posts, applying the RISE Model for Meaningful Feedback
I will also show an example below of how the response needs to be addressed.
Here’s an example of how the response should look. Please don’t copy it. 
The response to the classmate need to be just like this. 
Example Response (Response Needs to be writen just like the response below No copying)
RISE Feedback:
REFLECT: I concur with “Action plans should reflect the type of services that are needed and have an idea of the expected outcome of the services” because it is in line with Hatch and Hartline’s intentional school counseling guidelines in regards to determining students needs.
INQUIRE: Can you further explain what “closing-the-gap action plans” are? 
SUGGEST: I encourage you to revisit Hatch and Hartline’s MTMDSS tier interventions in order to add a citation that would illustrate your example on bullying prevention efforts. 
ELEVATE: What if you re-purposed “For example, after a needs assessment, the school is having problems with bullying” as “Following Trish Hatch’s MTMDSS tier based interventions, if the school is having problems with bullying, after a needs assessment, we could… citation…”  for a more weighted argument?
ReferencesHatch, T., & Hartline, J. (2022). The use of data in school counseling: Hatching results (and so much more) for students, programs and the profession (2nd Ed.). Corwin.
****PLEASE RESPOND IN DEPTH***************************************************
Below are the two classmate discussion post that you will need to respond to
************************************************
Classmate response 1- Abigail
How well do the career development theories discussed in Chapter 3 of Career Development Interventions address individuals from diverse backgrounds? Guide career behavior? Guide career decision-making?When reading about Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and how this theory applies to career development, it was interesting to learn about findings regarding diverse backgrounds and their relation to career development. SCCT is useful when applying it to persistence at overcoming obstacles. This can be analyzed through self-efficacy. Niles and Harris-Bowlsbey (2017) mention that “self-efficacy beliefs are low due to factors such as racism and sex-role stereotyping, clients can be exposed to personally relevant, vicarious learning opportunities.” By knowing this, interventions can be applied to address individuals from diverse backgrounds, in order to strengthen their self-efficacy. The text also explains how the  Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) addresses how individuals can make career decisions through a three-factor Parsonian model. This theory’s interventions address career decision-making through different dimensions. These dimensions are: the pyramid of information processing, the Communication, Analysis, Synthesis, Valuing, and Execution (CASVE) cycle of decision-making skills; and the executive processing domain (Niles and Harris-Bowlsbey, 2017).
How does Social Cognitive Career Theory and Krumboltz’s theory influence career outcomes? How do these theories guide and emphasize your own personal career?According to both of these theories, there are several factors that influence career decision making. Whether it be as a result of self efficacy or unpredictable social factors, I think that these theories have both guided my own personal career. For example, I decided to further my education after high school as a result of my own self-efficacy because I believed that I was capable of such attainment. At the same time, there were other social factors that I could not control, but directed to towards the path of my career. One of the major factors is the economic factor. I felt and continue to feel like without seeking an appropriate career, there is a large financial factor that plays a role because what we do for a living and how much money we make essentially controls everything else in our lives. 
How might your own cultural background affect the efficacy of the career intervention strategies you chose to use with your students?I think that my own cultural background affects the efficacy of the career intervention strategies I choose to use with my students because I believe that career decision-making is a result of my own self-efficacy which may result in me taking a SCCT approach when working with students. At the same time, I believe that I can incorporate this into SEL curriculum because they will be able to build confidence and also have a positive attitude towards themselves and what they feel capable of. This may also go hand in hand with teaching students to have a growth mindset. 
*****************************************************************************************
Classmate response 2- Bianca

How well do the career development theories discussed in Chapter 3 of Career Development Interventions address individuals from diverse backgrounds? Guide career behavior? Guide career decision-making?

The first one that can be a barrier can be the financial situation, that may be one of the biggest one that there might not be money so they will have to go to work to be able to support the family. The next one can be that they might be first generation, not a lot of information or motivation might be there, but with the proper support and information they can take advantage of all the resources that can be offered to first gen college students. 

How does Social Cognitive Career Theory and Krumboltz’s theory influence career outcomes? How do these theories guide and emphasize your own personal career?

Krumbolt’z theory I feel that was a big influence in where I am right now in life with the life transitions and approach them positively. Growing up I was close to my uncle and he was a teacher and when I was on vacation I would go with him. I then felt the love and passion he had for teaching, so I wanted to do the same positive changes and impact. Once I started college, I was easily drawn out of it and stopped going to college. I then started working at a local grocery store which I thought was a good paying job. After a couple years I couldn’t afford it so I got a second job at a local after school program and that is what brought me back the spark and desire to get back to school and work in the education field. I quit my morning job and went back to school instead and worked in the after school program. I feel that the path that I took had to do a lot with the life transitions that I had everything just turned out the way that it was suppose to be. 

How might your own cultural background affect the efficacy of the career intervention strategies you chose to use with your students?

I feel that the way that it would affect it, would be if working with students that have not passed through any experience. I feel that sharing my own experience and how it worked out would motivate them to continue school or at least to give it a try. I came from a family where my parents did not attend college, so I did not know what to expect. Sharing all the resources and services that are out there might be helpful for those that finance might be a barrier. That is the only thing that I see can happen but other than that it would be a great experience. 

 Identify the financial issues Lake Forest City Schools or Muddy Water Community College are experiencing.

 Assume the role of an administrator. If you choose a K-12 focus, your role is Assistant Superintendent for Finance. If you choose an institute of higher education for your focus, your role is Vice President of Finance and Administration. In your capacity, you are a member of the task force charged with brainstorming solutions for ongoing budget issues. As part of the task force, you will develop potential solutions for the issues as addressed in the assignment and include justifications for the solutions you develop. One of the largest issues you are currently facing is that if cuts are not made to the budget, then there is a possibility of having to place some staff members on an indefinite furlough in order to reduce costs. This is definitely something you want to avoid. As part of the task force, you will develop at least three potential solutions for the budget issues as addressed in the assignment and include justifications for the solutions you develop. 
You are the Assistant Superintendent for finance in Lake Forest City Schools (LFCS). Enrollment at LFCS is strong, with just over 3,500 students. Approximately 75 percent of the school district’s operating revenue comes from local taxes and city funding. It is February and the fiscal year ends on June 30. The city has not sent the last 3 million dollars of your annual state appropriation. The City Treasurer indicates that property tax income is lower than expected because many families experienced unemployment due to the recent pandemic. Your district has a small grant of less than 5 million dollars. There is enough operating cash to pay salaries through the end of May. If the needed funds are not received after May, teaching contracts will be held up and some faculty and staff members will face an indefinite furlough.
Programs and positions under consideration for budget cuts include, but are not limited to:

Special education.
Arts.
Vocational education.
After-school tutoring programs.
Extracurricular activities.

 Identify the financial issues Lake Forest City Schools or Muddy Water Community College are experiencing.
Summarize each issue and the negative impact these issues will have on the school or college’s ability to function if they are not resolved.
Propose a short-term plan with a specific action to resolve each of the short-term problems you identified.
Provide resources that may be available to the school or college division to help address the short-term financial issues that are taking place.
Propose a long-term strategy, up to three years, with a specific plan of action to prevent any similarly identified problems from transpiring.
Justify each of your measures and support them with research where applicable.

Critically explain the pathophysiology of anorexia.

Conc of Pathophys of NSg peers response
· respond to peers thoughtfully, add value to the discussion, and apply ideas, insights, or concepts from scholarly sources, such as: journal articles, assigned readings, textbook material, lectures, course materials, or authoritative websites. For specific details and criteria, refer to the discussion rubric in the Menu (?) or in the Course Overview Weekly Discussion Guidelines. 
1st peer post
Samantha WootenSep 11, 2023 at 9:31 AM
Marshall (2022) reports “In anorexia nervosa’s cycle of self-starvation, the body is denied the essential nutrients it needs to function normally.  Thus, the body is forced to slow down all of its processes to conserve energy, resulting in serious medical consequences” (P. 1). Marshall also surmises that lab work up on a patient may look normal, but this does not rule out impending death, death could happen quickly by cardiac arrest caused by electrolyte imbalances (2022. P. 1). 
Cultural and environmental implications affect a large amount of people within all ethnicity, gender, and age however women are largely targeted, the University of East Anglia state “his quite obvious connection between eating disorders and cultural expectations surrounding femininity is woefully neglected in much treatment” (P. 1).  With the technology boom in recent years this is ever more present for this population, a social media environment instills these behaviors in today’s society.  
Financial implications that cause anorexia include lack of income and homelessness. Underprivileged populations have no choice but to sacrifice food to prioritize other necessities. Chan (2023) reports 64.7 billion being spent on eating disorders per year, with 23,560 hospitalizations yearly (p. 1). 
In the ED with 16-year-old Jonathan Collins coming into the facility for anorexia nursing interventions would include evaluating the patients diet/exercise regimen and educate on proper diet and exercise with adequate fluid intake. Identify coping strategies and emotions related to weight, allowing the patient time to think and express how they’re feeling. This will allow underlying causes to surface for treatment. Lastly, addressing body images issues. Targeting these fears will allow the patient to accept a healthy body weight to maintain health and stay out of the hospital (Belleza, August 9, 2023. P. 1). 
According to Miller, Grinspoon, and Ciampa (2020) vital signs with anorexia tend to include a slower than normal heart rate, hypotension, and hypothermia. Lab values tend to include anemia and in some cases thrombocytopenia. Sodium levels average around 122, with normal levels being 135-145. Average potassium in patients with anorexia being 1.9 with normal values being 3.4-4.8. All of these values contribute to cardiac arrest via electrolyte imbalance. In some anorexia patients there are dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances and hypovolemia. Also of note with women populations are menstrual dysfunction and osteoporosis (P. 1). 
Treatment includes a combination of psychotherapy, family therapy, and medicine according to St. Lukes Hospital (2015), they also state “A combination of treatments can give the person the medical, psychological, and practical support they need. Cognitive behavioral therapy, along with antidepressants, can be an effective treatment for eating disorders. Complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies may help with nutritional deficiencies” (P. 1). 
 
references
Belleza, M. August 9, 2023. Eating disorders: Anorexia & Bulimia Nervosa. Nurse Labs.
Eating Disorders: Anorexia & Bulimia Nervosa – Nurseslabs

Chan, T. H. 2023. Report: Economic Costs of Eating Disorders. Harvard School of Public Health.
Report: Economic Costs of Eating Disorders | STRIPED | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Marshall, D. 2022. Anorexia Nervosa. National eating disorders association.
Anorexia Nervosa | National Eating Disorders Association

Miller, K. Grinspoon, S. Ciampa, J. (Marh 14, 2020). Medicla Findings in Outpatients with Anorexia Nervosa. JAMA internal medicine. Doi:10.1001/archinte.165.5.561.
St. Lukes Hospital. April 23, 2015. Complementary and Alternative Medicine of Anorexia Nervosa. A Division of Ebix.
Anorexia nervosa | Complementary and Alternative Medicine | St. Luke’s Hospital (stlukes-stl.com)

University of East Anglia. November 13, 2017. Eating disorder treatments need to consider social, cultural implications of the illness. Science Daily.
Eating disorder treatments need to consider social, cultural implications of the illness | ScienceDaily

2nd peer post
Kira DespinsSep 11, 2023 at 3:20 PM
1. Thoroughly explain the pathophysiology of anorexia. Use a scholarly or authoritative source to support your answer.
Anorexia is a medical condition summarized by an inadequate intake of nutrients to regulate an individual’s weight to reduce their BMI and be ‘thin’.  It causes physiological imbalances such as amenorrhea and psychological imbalances such as an obsessive-compulsive need to exercise or an all-encompassing fear of gaining weight. This population exhibits body dysmorphia.  Once begun, this disease is persistent in select populations (Klein, 2004).
1. Examine each of the following three factors related to this disease process. Support all three with a scholarly source.
Cultural:  Western culture perpetuates a standard of beauty based on being thin.  This standard is propagated through social media outlets. Klein (2004) summarizes that popular media not only emphasizes the need to be a thing but perpetuates it through advertisements such as marketing diet fads and fitness trends.
Financial: Relating to the treatment of anorexia, a study by Gatt et al. (2014) found significant household financial stress for those seeking treatment for their eating disorder.  They compared treatment costs to being the second highest after cardiac artery bypass surgery.  As the disease is notoriously difficult to manage by oneself, it would be prudent to establish funding for this patient population so all individuals can access treatment without causing significant burdens on themselves and their families.
Environmental implications: Nature vs. nature has been heavily debated in pursuing the best understanding of anorexia. Klinger (2012) highlights that from an environmental perspective, children who have been neglected and/or abused are more prone to develop anorexia.
1. Identify 3-5 priority nursing interventions for the client in the emergency department.
-Cardiac monitoring due to electrolyte imbalance
-Fall risk prevention related to weakness
-Blood glucose monitoring related to low nutrient intake
1. Describe labs and diagnostic testing you would want to include in client’s plan of care and why. What are critical indicators? Support with a scholarly source.
Metevir, a nutrition counselor, highlights the importance of the following lab and diagnostic tests in anorexic patients (2022):
1. Vital sign monitoring, such as bradycardia, can signify a weak heart-conserving energy.
2. EKG to detect abnormal heart rhythm due to weakened heart muscles.
3. Complete metabolic panel to look for electrolyte imbalances in kidney and liver health. Hypokalemia would be a critical indicator.
4. Blood glucose tests as low food intake results in less glucose, which our brains depend upon
5. Hematology detects if our blood carries enough oxygen to perfuse our organs adequately.
6. Bone density test as low food intact can result in reduced hormone output, leading to weak and brittle bones.
 
1. What members of the interdisciplinary team need to be included for holistic patient-centered care? Provide a rationale and support with a scholarly source.
I believe that family members and friends are included in any team to support and care for those treated with anorexia.  Knowing the care plan, these individuals can best provide care and support to the patient while out of the hospital, setting them up for success.  Joy et al. (2003) believe that a physician, mental health professional, and nutritionist are also integral components of the care team as it affect an individual physically and mentally, and each has an overlapping specialty to assist the patient best.  In an emergency department setting, involving a social worker or case management is integral to establishing resources for patients seeking help in an outpatient or in-patient setting. 
 
References
Gatt, L., Jan, S., Mondraty, N., Horsfield, S., Hart, S., Russell, J., Laba, T. L., & Essue, B. (2014). The household economic burden of eating disorders and adherence to treatment in Australia. BMC Psychiatry, 14. 
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0338-0

Joy, E., & Wilson, C., & Varechok, S. (2004). The multidisciplinary team approach to the outpatient treatment of disordered eating. Curr Sports Med Rep, 331(6), 6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14583163/#:~:text=Team%20members%20include%20a%20physician,of%20individuals%20with%20disordered%20eating.
Klein, D. A., & Walsh, B. T. (2004). Eating disorders: clinical features and pathophysiology. Physiology & Behavior, 81(2), 359–374. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.009

Klinger, D. (2012). Genes or environment: What causes eating disorders? GoodTherapy. 
https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/genes-environment-what-causes-eating-disorders

Metevier, J. (2022). The eating disorder medical test and nutrition lab guide. Integrated Care Clinic. https://integratedcareclinic.com/blog/the-eating-disorder-medical-test-and-nutrition-lab-guide/#:~:text=Metabolic%2FElectrolyte%20Labs,your%20sugar%20and%20protein%20levels

Roe v. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973), held that the Due Process Clause includes an inherent “right to privacy” of which affords women the right to choose to have an abortion.  This reasoning followed in a long line of cases addressing the fundamental right to privacy.  The Supreme Court recently overruled  Roe in  Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 597 US ____ (2022), and held that the right to an abortion is not a fundamental right protected by the Due Process Clause.   a.  Is  Dobbs limited to issues surrounding abortion, or does it challenge prior court holdings establishing the fundamental right to privacy? 

1. The Supreme Court in 
Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968), held that the right to a jury trial is a fundamental right incorporated to the States through the 14th Amendment.  Part of the Court’s reasoning emphasized the necessary protections afforded to the accused.  The Supreme Court subsequently ruled in, 
District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne, 557 U.S. 52 (2009), that an accused does not have a due process right under the United States Constitution to obtain evidence for the purpose of conducting DNA testing to prove actual innocence.  

a.  Is the above statement a complete and accurate assessment of the holdings in 
Duncan and 
Osborne?  Explain.  

b.  If the Due Process Clause is designed to protect the rights of an accused, how do you reconcile the holdings in 
Duncan and 
Osborne?  

2.  The Supreme Court in 
Roe v. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973), held that the Due Process Clause includes an inherent “right to privacy” of which affords women the right to choose to have an abortion.  This reasoning followed in a long line of cases addressing the fundamental right to privacy.  The Supreme Court recently overruled 
Roe in 
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 597 US ____ (2022), and held that the right to an abortion is not a fundamental right protected by the Due Process Clause.  

a.  Is 
Dobbs limited to issues surrounding abortion, or does it challenge prior court holdings establishing the fundamental right to privacy? 

b.  If the impact of 
Dobbs minimizes the fundamental nature of the right to privacy, what impact could this have in the field of criminal justice? Explain.